Surname Centre Number Candidate Number Other Names 0 GCSE 0240/01 ADDITIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION TIER CEMISTRY 2 A.M. TURSDAY, 26 January 2012 ADDITIONAL MATERIALS 45 minutes For s use Question Maximum Mark 1. 6 2. 5 3. 3 4. 7 5. 5 6. 4 7. 5 8. 6 9. 3 10. 6 Total 50 Mark Awarded 0240 010001 In addition to this paper you may require a calculator and a ruler. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers. The Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of the examination paper and the formulae for some common ions on the inside of the back cover. CJ*(W12-0240-01)
2 Answer all questions. 1. The following diagrams represent four different atoms, A, B, C and D. A B C D Key: proton neutron electron (a) State which of the above diagrams, A, B, C or D, (i) has five neutrons,... [1] (ii) has three electrons,... [1] (iii) represents an atom of hydrogen.... [1]
3 (b) Give the (i) atomic number of D,... [1] (ii) mass number of B.... [1] (c) Give the name of the part of an atom where protons and neutrons are found. [1]... 0240 010003 Turn over. 6
4 2. (a) Some uses and properties of plastics are listed below. Draw a line to link each use to the property upon which that use relies. One has already been done for you. Each property should be used once. [3] Use Property food packaging waterproof wellington boot does not easily break but flexible coffee cup strong, flexible and hard-wearing electric plug casing good heat insulator toothbrush does not conduct electricity (b) Polythene is an example of a plastic. Give the name of one other plastic.... [1] (c) Plastics are often used to make dustbins. Apart from cost, give one reason why dustbins are often made from plastic rather than from a metal such as iron. [1] 5
5 3. (a) Nitinol is an example of a shape memory alloy. Place a tick ( ) in the boxes next to the two uses of shape memory alloys. [2] absorb toxic chemicals superelastic spectacle frames artificial muscles nappies coffeepot thermostats (b) Some sunglasses have lenses that change colour in sunlight. From the box below, choose the type of smart material that can be used in these lenses. [1] 0240 010005 photochromic pigment polymer gel thermochromic pigment... Turn over. 3
6 4. (a) A student carried out some experiments to investigate the reactivity of three different metals, A, B and C. Metal With cold water With hot water With steam A slow reaction rapid reaction very vigorous reaction B vigorous reaction experiment not attempted experiment not attempted C no reaction no reaction slow reaction Arrange metals A, B and C in order of decreasing reactivity. [1] Most reactive...... Least reactive... (b) The order of reactivity of some common metals is shown below. Most reactive Least reactive potassium sodium magnesium aluminium iron copper silver gold (i) Complete the word equation for the reaction that takes place between magnesium and copper sulphate solution. [1] magnesium + copper... +... sulphate
7 (ii) Only two of the following pairs of substances react together. Place a tick ( ) in the boxes next to both. [2] aluminium and copper oxide copper and silver nitrate solution gold and magnesium oxide iron and aluminium oxide silver and copper sulphate solution (iii) Magnesium reacts very slowly with cold water. Predict how silver reacts with cold water, giving a reason for your answer. [2] 0240 010007 (c) Aluminium is a reactive metal found near the top of the reactivity series. Name the method used in its extraction. [1]... Turn over. 7
8 5. (a) The following table contains some information about five substances. Substance Symbol/ formula Melting point / C Boiling point / C Density Solubility in / g cm 3 water Structure methane C 4 182 162 0.0007 insoluble simple molecular graphite C 4000 5100 2.1 insoluble giant covalent sodium chloride NaCl 801 1413 2.17 soluble giant ionic aluminium Al 660 2470 2.7 insoluble metallic potassium bromide KBr 734 1435 2.75 soluble... (i) Complete the table by giving the structure of potassium bromide. [1] (ii) Calcium has a metallic structure. From the values in the following box, choose the approximate melting point of calcium. 200 100 850 4500 Approximate melting point of calcium is... C [1] (iii) Which of the five substances named in the above table is represented by the following diagram? represents... [1]
9 (b) The table below shows information about four substances, A, B, C and D. Substance Melting point / C Boiling point / C Density / g cm 3 A 101 35 0.0032 B 1650 2230 2.6 C 7 59 3.12 D 44 280 1.82 (i) State which substance could have a giant covalent structure. [1]... (ii) The other three substances all have the same type of structure. 0240 010009 Name the type of structure. [1]... Turn over. 5
10 6. 2 cm 3 of soap solution was shaken the same number of times with equal volumes of four different water samples, A, B, C and D. The results are shown in the diagram below. froth/lather A B C D (a) State which water sample, A, B, C or D, is the softest and give a reason for your choice. [2] Softest water... Reason... (b) Describe what could be done to sample B to obtain a lather when using the same volume of soap solution. [1] (c) Give one advantage of living in a hard water area. [1] 4
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12 7. The graph below shows the solubility of potassium bromide in water at different temperatures. 80 70 60 potassium bromide Solubility / g per 100 g of water 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Temperature / C
13 The following table gives the solubility of potassium nitrate in water at different temperatures. Temperature / C 0 10 20 30 40 50 Solubility / g per 100 g of water 15 23 34 46 61 80 (a) (b) Plot the results from the table on the grid opposite and then draw a smooth curve through the points. [3] Use the graph to find (i) the solubility of potassium nitrate at 25 C, [1]... g per 100 g of water (ii) the temperature when the solubility of both substances is the same. [1]... C Turn over. 5
14 8. (a) Complete the following table of information about some elements. The Periodic Table of Elements shown on the back cover of this examination paper may help in answering this question. [4] Element Symbol Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons carbon 12 C 6 6 6 magnesium 24 Mg 12 12 12 phosphorus 31 P 15 15 15 argon 18 22 18 (b) Calculate the relative molecular mass (M r ) of sulphuric acid, 2 SO 4. [2] A r () = 1 A r (O) = 16 A r (S) = 32 M r ( 2 SO 4 ) =... 6
15 9. The following diagrams show the structural formulae of four substances, A, B, C and D. C C C Cl A B C C C C C C C C C D (a) The molecular formula of A is C 4. Give the molecular formula of D.... [1] (b) Give the letter for the substance that is not a hydrocarbon.... [1] (c) Butane contains four carbon atoms. Draw the structural formula of butane. [1] Turn over. 3
16 10. (a) The following table contains the chemical names and formulae of some common fertilisers. Name Formula sodium nitrate NaNO 3 ammonium phosphate (N 4 ) 3 PO 4 ammonium sulphate (N 4 ) 2 SO 4 calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (i) Name the two elements that are found in all the above fertilisers. [1]... and... (ii) Name the acid used to neutralise ammonia in the production of ammonium sulphate. [1]... (b) The following flow diagram shows how ammonium nitrate is manufactured from nitrogen, hydrogen and nitric acid. nitrogen hydrogen ammonia nitric acid ammonium nitrate (i) Which substance appearing in the flow diagram comes from the atmosphere? [1]... (ii) Complete the word equation for the formation of ammonium nitrate. [1]... +... ammonium nitrate
17 (c) When farmers use fertilisers, some fertiliser can be washed out of the soil into lakes. This can result in the overgrowth of algae. When algae die and decay, oxygen is removed from the lakes. (i) State why farmers use fertilisers. [1] (ii) Give one consequence of the removal of oxygen from lakes. [1] Turn over. 6
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19 FORMULAE FOR SOME COMMON IONS POSITIVE IONS NEGATIVE IONS Name Formula Name Formula Aluminium Ammonium Barium Calcium Copper(II) ydrogen Iron(II) Iron(III) Lithium Magnesium Nickel Potassium Silver Sodium Al 3+ N 4 + Ba 2+ Ca 2+ Cu 2+ + Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Li + Mg 2+ Ni 2+ K + Ag + Na + Bromide Carbonate Chloride Fluoride ydroxide Iodide Nitrate Oxide Sulphate Br CO 3 2 Cl F O I NO 3 O 2 SO 4 2 Turn over.
20 PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 1 2 Group 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 1 4 e 2 ydrogen elium 7 Li 3 9 Be 4 11 5 B 12 C 6 14 7 N 16 8 O 19 9 F 20 10 Ne Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 23 Na 11 24 12 Mg 27 13 Al 28 Si 14 31 15 P 32 16 S 35 17 Cl 40 18 Ar Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 39 19 K 40 Ca 20 45 21 Sc 48 22 Ti 51 23 V 52 24 Cr 55 25 Mn 56 26 Fe 59 27 Co 59 28 Ni 64 29 Cu 65 30 Zn 70 31 Ga 73 32 Ge 75 33 As 79 34 Se 80 35 Br 84 36 Kr Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton 86 37 Rb 88 38 Sr 89 39 Y 91 40 Zr 93 Nb 41 96 42 Mo 99 43 Tc 101 44 Ru 103 45 Rh 106 46 Pd 108 47 Ag 112 48 Cd 115 49 In 119 50 Sn 122 51 Sb 128 52 Te 127 53 I 131 54 Xe Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 133 55 Cs 137 56 Ba 139 57 La 179 72 f 181 73 Ta 184 74 W 186 75 Re 190 76 Os 192 77 Ir 195 78 Pt 197 79 Au 201 80 g 204 81 Tl 207 82 Pb 209 83 Bi 210 84 Po 210 85 At 222 86 Rn Caesium Barium Lanthanum afnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 223 87 Fr 226 88 Ra 227 89 Ac Francium Radium Actinium Key: Mass number Atomic number A X Element Symbol Z Name