Jared Otto Creative Component for Masters in Agronomy Program of Study Committee: Dr. Roger W. Elmore: Major Professor Dr. Kenneth J. Moore Dr. Thomas E. Loynachan
Introduction of myself Objective of the Study Corn Nematodes, Poncho / VOTiVO Materials and Method Results Conclusions
From Northwest Iowa (May City) on a livestock & row crop farm - Graduated from Hartley-Melvin-Sanborn (HMS) Attended Iowa Central Community College 1999 - Received an A.A. degree in Agricultural Business 2002 Transferred to Iowa State University in 2002 - Graduated with a B.S. degree in Agronomy May (2004) Moved back home and worked for Co-op Elevator Association -Fall of 2006 moved back to Ames and worked for VanDiest Supply Company in Agronomy sales Started with LG Seeds as a Resource Manager in 2008
In 2009 I married my wife, Tiffany In 2011 our son, Kipton, was born We currently reside in Ankeny As a family we enjoy spending time together outside, biking, tailgating and traveling.
Growers often asked me my thoughts on Poncho 500+VOTiVO To determine the biological seed treatment effect on corn nematode populations and yield with the same hybrids.
Producers are gain more awareness about corn nematodes; can be found in every field in Iowa. Damage from corn nematodes can be hard to diagnose, common symptoms of nutrient deficiencies Soil sampling is the only way to determine corn nematode species and populations -this is often done too late to treat the current crop
Reasons for increased populations -Reduction of organophosphate applications -Lower soil disturbance -More continuous corn acres
Common Name Scientific Name Damage threshold dagger nematode Xiphinema 30-40 per 100 cm3 soil lance nematode Hoplolaimus 300-400 per 100 cm3 soil needle nematode Longidorus 1 per 100 cm3 soil pin nematode Paratylenchus??? ring nematode Criconemella 100 per 100 cm3 soil root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus 1,000 per g root sheath nematode Hemicycliophora??? spiral nematode Helicotylenchus 500-1,000 per 100 cm3 soil sting nematode Belonolaimus 1 per 100 cm3 soil stubby-root nematode Paratrichodorus??? stunt nematode Tylenchorthynchus 100 per 100 cm3 soil (Table is courtesy of Dr. Greg Tylka)
Seed-applied insecticide introduced by Bayer CropScience in 2004 -Poncho 250 is being used to treat all seed corn -250mg Clothianidin per kernel Protects against early season pests -wireworms -black cutworms -seed corn maggots white grubs
On the market since the 2011 growing season Biological seed treatment introduced by Bayer CropScience -biological mode of action Bacillus firmus Bacteria grows with the roots, keeps corn nematodes from feeding on the roots
Protects the seed from the moment that its planted Increases insect and disease pest control Available at the 500mg clothianidin per kernel to help with secondary pests as well
Cost A lot of growers switched back to using insecticide on the planter -Smart box units, insecticide boxes, or liquid system
Trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012 Field was located in Hamilton County, Scott Township (T-86-N, R-23-W) in the N ½ of the SW ¼ section 3 Soil types were Nicollet loam, Clarion loam, and Canisteo silty clay loam. Nicollet loam and Canisteo gently sloping and somewhat poorly drained Clarion loam is gently sloping, but well drained
Field trials consisted of 3 replicated blocks in 2011 and set up the same way in 2012 3 hybrids were chosen -2529VT3Pro (107 RM) -2549VT3 (109RM) -2620VT3 (113 RM) 3 seed treatments Poncho 250 Poncho 500 Poncho 500+VOTiVO
Plots were planted on May, 6 2011 and May, 9 2012 -John Deere 8420, John Deere 1770 16-row planter Each strip was 8 rows wide, 800 feet long Seeding rate each year was 34,500 seeds/acre
Soil samples were collected at VE and V4-V7 -Standard soil probe, depth of 12 inches -20 cores per strip Root masses collected -10 roots per strip at V4-V7 (only)
Soil samples were collected on May 18 th & 19 th in 2011 at VE Soil samples were collected June 24 th & 25 th 2011 at V7 -due to heavy rainfall these were a little later than desired Root samples were dug June 30 th 2011
Sampling method that was used was start between row 4&5 take 18 steps pull a core from row 4, and place a flag. Take 18 steps pull a core from row 5 and place a flag and so on. Row 1 ------------------------------x----------------------------------x----------------------- Row 2 -------------------x-------------------------------------x------------------------------- Row 3 ----------x-----------------------------------x----------------------------------x------- Row 4 --x-----------------------------------x------------------------------x------------------- Start Row 5 -----x------------------------------------x----------------------------------x---------- Row 6 -------------x---------------------------------------x--------------------------------x-- Row 7 -----------------------x------------------------------------x---------------------------- Row 8 ---------------------------------x-----------------------------------x------------------
Soil samples were collected on May 24, 2012 at VE Second soil samples were collected on June 10th & 11 th 2012 at V5 Root samples were collected on these dates as well
Plots were harvested with a John Deere 9670STS using an 8-row head. Each strip was harvested and dumped into a weigh wagon -yield was adjusted to 15% moisture content Grain moisture and tests weights were taken using a Mini GAC plus hand held tester Harvest dates -October 8, 2011 -October 1, 2012
Corn nematode populations per 100cm 3 Species Average number of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil samples at VE taken May 17-18, 2011
Corn nematode populations per 100cm 3 Species Average number of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil samples at V7 taken June 27, 2011
Corn nematode populations per g dry root Species Average number of plant-parasitic nematodes found in the root samples at V7 taken June 30, 2011
Corn nematode species percentage in 2011 -spiral: 86% -lesion: 13% -dagger: >1% -stunt: >1% -pin: >1% -lance: >1%
Corn nematode populations per 100cm 3 Species Average number of plant-parasitic nematodes found in the soil samples at VE taken May 24, 2012
Corn nematode populations per 100cm 3 Species Average number of plant-parasitic nematodes found in the soil samples at V5 taken June 10-11, 2012
Corn nematode populations per g dry root Species Average number of plant-parasitic nematodes found in the root samples at V5 taken June 10-11, 2012
Corn nematode species percentage in 2012 -spiral: 83% -lesion: 15% -SCN Juvenile: >1% -dagger: >1% -stunt: >1% -pin: >1%
2529VT3Pro 70.3 68.3 79.7 2549VT3 71 86.3 89.3 2620VT3 88.3 93.7 80.7 Average number of corn nematodes in 2011 and 2012 at corn emergence
P250 P500 P500+VOTiVO 2529VT3 Pro 97.3 57.3 57.5 2549VT3 57.3 46.3 88.6 2620VT3 77.6 74 107.6 Average number of corn nematodes in 2011 and 2012 at V5
Corn nematode species percentages averaged in 2011 and 2012 -spiral: 85% -lesion: 14% -SCN Juvenile: >1% -dagger: >1% -stunt: >1% -pin: >1% -lance: >1%
P250 P500 P500+VOTiVO 2529VT3PRo 172.2 168.1 169.6 2549VT3 175.5 179.2 178.7 2620VT3 186.9 191.4 191.4 Average corn yields from 2011 and 2012
Poncho /VOTiVO neither controlled the corn nematodes nor increased yield Corn hybrids responded the same to the seed treatments Seed treatments did not affect either nematode numbers or species Not one seed treatment prevailed over the others at reducing nematode populations
Bayer CropScience. Poncho Seed Treatment Insecticide Quick Reference Sheet. Retrieved April 6, 2012 from http://www.bayercropscience.ca/pdfs/poncho/8372_poncho_refsheet_e.pdf Bayer CropScience. (2012). Product Information. Retrieved April 8, 2012 from http://www.bayercropscience.us/products/seed-treatments/poncho-votivo/ Behn, J. (2010). Evaluation of VOTiVO biological seed treatment nematicide on lesion nematodes of corn in Nebraska, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2013 from http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/volume4/abstracts/n33.asp Grogan, J. (2012). Poncho/VOTiVO and bulk Planter Efficiency. Retrieved April 11, 2012 from http://www.lgseeds.com/content/poncho%c2%ae-votivo%c2%ae-and-bulk-planter-efficiency Iowa Environmental Mesonet, 2012. Iowa State University Department of Agronomy. [Electronic version]. Retrieved March 11, 2013 from http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/
Morgenstern, K. (2007). Plant Profile. Retrieved July 4, 2013 from http://www.sacredearth.com/ethnobotany/plantprofiles/corn.php Morrison, L. (2008). The Other Nematode. Retrieved April 8, 2012 from http://cornandsoybeandigest.com/other-nematode Nematode Numbers. (2011, Feb. 8). Nematode Numbers [Electronic version]. Farm Industry News [Online Exclusive]. Purdue University. (2011). Retrieved April 9, 2012 from www.extension.entm.purdue.edu Smith,D. (2012, Jan). Watch out for corn nematodes: you can manage them, if you know what to look for [Electronic version]. Farm Journal, 38+.
Tylka, G. (2012). Effects of Seed Treatments and a Soil-applied Nematicide on Iowa Corn Yields and Nematode Population Densities-2011. Retrieved June 18, 2013 from www.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2012/0207tylka Tylka, G. (2009). Quick facts About Corn Nematodes. Retrieved April 9, 2012 from http://www.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2009/0429tylka.htm United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. Iowa Ag News-2012 Corn County Estimates. [Electronic version]. Retrieved March 11, 2013 from http://www.nass.usda.gov/statistics_by_state/iowa/publications/county_estimat es/reports/11-12%20corn.pdf
Family: Tiffany, Kipton Dr. Roger Elmore Dr. Greg Tylka Dr. Ken Moore Dr. Tom Loynachan Nick Anderson Dawn Miller, Jaci Severson All MS of Agronomy Professor LG Seeds Colleagues