Inventory of discharges, emissions and losses of priority substances current status in Germany
Article 5 of the Directive 2008/105 Member states have to establish for each river basin district or national part of an international river basin district an inventory of emissions, discharges and losses of all priority substances and pollutants listed in Part A of Annex I to this Directive. the 33 priority and priority hazardous substances listed in Annex 10 of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) the remaining 8 substances from the daughter directives to Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC).
emissions, discharges and losses used for the first time in the Esbjerg Declaration of the 4th North Sea Conference in 1995 generation goal the prevention of the pollution of the North Sea by continuously reducing discharges, emissions and losses of hazardous substances thereby moving towards the target of their cessation within one generation (25 years) with the ultimate aim of concentrations in the environment near background values for naturally occurring substances and close to zero concentrations for man-made synthetic substances. meaning to include all inputs coming from land and sea based sources coming from point and diffuse sources reaching the marine environment via direct discharges, riverine inputs or airborne transport
emissions, discharges and losses in the context of the inventory agreement in the guidance document drafting group no sophisticated interpretaion debate on»what is what«operational, pragmatic definition: the inventory has to address all relevant inputs into the environment which are likely to reach surface waters
General schema for the inventory
RPA development history RPA develepment triggered by reporting requirements to Marine conventions (Mid 1990ies) MONERIS quantification of Nutrient emissions hydrological catchment based (analytical unit), in DE ~ 100 km 2 average quantifying pathways from point and diffuse sources reflecting regional specifics including hydrology extension for quantifiying heavy metals and selected organics new flexible open source implementation MoRE
RPA - conceptual approach regionalisation: river catchments
RPA - conceptual approach input data corine land cover
RPA - conceptual approach input data statistics on sewer network
RPA - conceptual approach input data: deposition data
RPA - conceptual approach semi static empirical model requires regionalized infrastructure and topology information requires average substance concentrations at transfer interfaces 3-5 year aggregation useful to average out short term hydrological effects subsequent spatial aggregation and retention calculation along the river net
results RPA Einträge 1985
results RPA Einträge 2005
results RPA Historic mining relevant source for HM emissions relevant source for DE ~ 20 % Cd, 14 % Zn load for Germany regional problem ongoing data collection long term treatment required
results RPA 70.000 Cd-Emissions (1985-2005) 60.000 (kg / a) 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 deposition groundwater tile drainage surface runoff Erosion historical mining urban systems UWWTs industry 0 1983-1987 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2005
results RPA 100% Cd-Emissions (1985-2005) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% deposition groundwater tile drainage surface runoff Erosion historical mining urban systems UWWTs industry 10% 0% 1983-1987 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2005
results RPA Pros and Cons good spatial resulolution instrument for strategic planning good agreement with measured riverine load high data requirements no explicit information and quantification of sources (f.e. use pattern of substances) aggregation of pathways for information of origin (e.g. agriculture)
a complementary approach Triggered by WFD priority substances (end 1990ies) SFA / simplified SFA for all PS + PHS relevance analysis analysis of possible reduction measures
a complementary approach
Introduction The requirements of Directive 2008/105/EU a complementary approach
a complementary approach Pros and Cons coverage of all main input sources high data and conceptual requirements input data normally only on country / EU level regionalisation difficult / proxies needed simplified SFA version useful in relevance analysis
Comparision RPA / SFA results
collection of existing data current findings Starting point for inventory preparation good conceptual preparation for different methods unclear heterogenious data availability working group Federal Government / Federal States installed mandate: preparation of reliable and effective inventory compilation
collection of existing data current findings evaluation of existing data waste water and sewage slugde concentrations from different sources coverage municipal and industrial discharges compliance monitoring of municipal and industrial discharges self reporting to PRTR UWWTs and chemical industry urban systems relevant pathway reporting to marine conventions reporting special investigations of the Federal States research projects
collection of existing data current findings substances reported Heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb, Ni) tributyltin, triphenytin very few other organic compounds (NP, OP, PAH) very limited substance spectrum
collection of existing data current findings LoQ problem cadmium from municipal treatment plants variation of LoQ for cadmium 0.02-5 µ/l normal waste water compliance monitoring methods too insensitve loads strongly biased by results <LoQ most data not valid for reliable modeling LoQ 0,1µ/l LoQ 0,5µ/l LoQ 2µ/l LoQ 5µ/l n <LoQ 14 2 192 640 n>loq 4 1 1
conclusions and next steps the urban waste water system is an important source detailed and regionalised knowledge of infrastructure necessary and available high quality analytical data required (LOD artifacts) design of targeted monitoring programme