Social Protection in the Informal Sector using CBMS Methodology CBMS International Network Coordinating Team This work was carried out by the PEP-Asia CBMS International Network Coordinating Team with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Government of United Kingdom through the Department for International Development (DFID). This CBMS training material and related instruments are being shared for free use of local government units that are adopting the CBMS methodology under a memorandum of agreement (MOA) with the PEP-Asia CBMS International Network Coordinating Team.
Outline of Presentation Objectives Research Questions Indicators and Data Requirements Data Collection Strategies
Objective of PAGE-CBMS Project To examine PAGE research theme on Social Protection in the Informal Sector using CBMS Methodology Specific objectives: a. Development and pilot test a CBMS implementation in selected site/s To prepare documentation on the design of the CBMS methodology Preparation of community poverty and household-level poverty profile and maps of the selected site/s. Preparation of local development plan with local officials based on CBMS data and other relevant data. b. To use CBMS data in the analysis of PAGE research theme Preparation of a paper on the analysis of CBMS data to answer the research issues on providing SPIS or YEE.
CBMS Core Research Question What are the multidimensional poverty/wellbeing characteristics of the individuals/household?
Research Questions (SPIS) Research Questions What do latest data show about trends and quality of employment? What constitutes the informal sector? What is the nature/ extent of poverty among households/ population engaged in the informal sector? What are the characteristics of workers/ population/ households engaged in the informal economy? What characterizes the informal economy? What makes workers in the informal sector insecure and vulnerable? What are the different types of shock/s that affect the informal sector? Who among the informal sector workers were able to access the social security and health insurance systems? What are the types of social protection program that covers the informal sectors? Who among the informal sector workers were able to access the social assistance programs by the government or private sectors? What were the eligibility requirements of the social assistance programs by the government, private sectors or NGOs? Were the social assistance programs able to address the particular vulnerabilities that mattered to respondents and were it able to have a positive impact to the beneficiaries? What characterizes the informal economy? What are the characteristics of workers/ population/ households engaged in the informal economy?
Operationalizing Informal Sector Definition: Informal Sector and informal employment Source: International Labour Organization (ILO). Measuring informality: A statistical manual on the informal sector and informal employment Figure 1. Component of informal employment
Figure 2. Informal sector employment and informal employment (Stepby-step identification process)
SPIS Research Questions Research Question What do latest data show about trends and quality of employment? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Unemployment rate, underemployment rate, labor force participation rate - Proportion of employed workers by class of employment (part time, contractual, others); - Proportion of workers in the formal and informal sector Job/business related variables Age Hours of work Sex Did do any work for at least one hour during the past week? What is 's nature of employment? What is 's normal working hours per day during the past week? Hours of work by class/industry of worker, by age-group, by sex What is 's class of worker? Did want more hours of work during the past week? Why did not look for work?
Research Questions Research Question What do latest data show about trends and quality of employment? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Wage rate by class of worker, by industry Proportion of employed persons by sector/industry, by class of work, and by sex Amount of wage/salary Occupation Business/industry In the past 12 months, how much is the total salary/wages received by? What was s primary occupation during the past week? Proportion of employed workers receiving health and accident insurance, pension/old-age benefit by class/by industry of work, by sex, and by age-group SSS/GSIS/Insurance membership/benefit In what kind of industry did work during the past week? Is a member of government security system? Does have any health insurance provider/ member of health insurance organization (HMO)?
Research Questions Research Question What do latest data show about trends and quality of employment? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Highest educational attainment Educational attainment What is the highest educational attainment completed by? If college graduate, what is his/her course? Skills Skills How would you rate your knowledge/skill on?
Research Questions Research Question What constitutes the informal sector? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Proportion of workers in the informal and formal sector Proportion of households with employed members in the informal sector Informal sector indictor - Class of worker - Legal Status What is 's class of worker? What is the legal status/organization of the enterprise where you work? - Type of Enterprise In which type of enterprise do you work? - Bookkeeping and accounting practices How does your enterprise/business maintain its records or account? - Production Does the enterprise you own or where you work sell or barter its goods/services?
Research Questions Research Question Indicator Variable Questionnaire item What is the nature/ extent of poverty among households/ population engaged in the informal sector? What are the characteristics of workers/ population/ households engaged in the informal economy? Proportion of workers in the informal sector who are income and subsistence poor Proportion of workers in the informal sector by level of educational attainment Access to basic social services Sources of income Educational attainment
Research Questions Research Question What characterizes the informal economy? What makes workers in the informal sector insecure and vulnerable? What are the different types of shock/s that affect the informal sector? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Proportion of workers in the informal/formal sector who are underemployed Proportion of workers in the informal/formal sector receiving minimum wage rate Proportion of households with informal sector workers who were affected by shocks during the past Informal sector indicator Wages Shocks - Illness - Accident - Death - Calamity/ disaster Does your employer provide benefits/ subsidy to employees? - Paid sick leave - Paid vacation leave - Social security counterpart - Bonuses
Research Questions Research Question Who among the informal sector workers were able to access the social security and health insurance systems? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Proportion of informal sector workers to the total number of workers, by urban-rural Number of formal and informal sector workers who are covered by social security systems and health insurance, by urban-rural Allowances and bonuses paid to workers by their employers Membership in government social security/ insurance system - Type of membership (e.g. voluntary) Membership in (private) HMOs
Research Questions Research Question What are the types of social protection program that covers the informal sectors? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Number of formal and informal sector workers who can access any of the SP programs, by urban-rural Beneficiary of government assistance programs Access to assistance programs During the last 12 months, did you or any member of your household receive or avail of any of the following programs? - Conditional cash transfer - Scholarship - Skills training Do you have insurance?
Research Questions Research Question What are the types of social protection program that covers the informal sectors? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Number of formal and informal sector workers who can access any of the SP programs, by urban-rural Beneficiary of government assistance programs Access to assistance programs During the last 12 months, did you or any member of your household receive or avail of any of the following programs? - Conditional cash transfer - Scholarship - Skills training Do you have insurance?
Research Questions Research Question Who among the informal sector workers were able to access the social assistance programs by the government or private sectors? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Proportion of HHs with informal sector workers who were able to access any SP programs
Research Questions Research Question What were the eligibility requirements of the social assistance programs by the government, private sectors or NGOs? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Proportion of households with informal sector workers who were able or were not able to access any social assistance program Coping mechanisms What mechanisms did you adopt in coping with the crisis or disaster?
Research Questions Research Question Were the social assistance programs able to address the particular vulnerabilities that mattered to respondents and were it able to have a positive impact to the beneficiaries? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item
Research Questions Research Question What are the characteristics of workers/ population/ households engaged in the informal economy? Indicator Variable Questionnaire item Proportion of workers/population/households in the informal sector with income below the poverty threshold Proportion of workers/ population/ households in the informal sector with income below the food threshold Proportion of workers in the informal sector by level of educational attainment Access to Basic Social Services Informal sector indicator Access to Credit Asset ownership Assets/ amenities owned
Indicators and Data Requirements Indicators (measure of expected outcomes) Data needed to generate the identified indicators to answer research questions Level of data disaggregation (by gender/sex, by geopolitical level)
Indicators: For Profiling Poverty (Development) Conditions Demographics Employment Income and livelihood Health and Nutrition Education Political Participation Access to Programs
Data Requirements and Sources Official and Operational Definitions Informal sector Informal employment Social Protection Data needed to generate indicators identified Formula for computation of indicators
Data Collection Strategies Design of instruments Examine data requirements to answer project objectives and research questions Identify data that needs to be included in the household/community profile questionnaires and the rider questionnaire Data collection track/approach Consider resource requirements, local capacities and expected outputs/outcomes Paper-based or Mobile-based?
Data Collection Strategies Selection of Study Site PAGE research theme should be relevant to the community/site There should be existing demand for local level information in the community/locality