Highlights of German Activities in Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology National Coordination Office Jülich for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (NKJ) at Project Management Organisation Jülich (PtJ) ptj-nkj@fz-juelich.de September 2005
From the past to today (1) Lessons learned from more than 30 years R&D in energy technologies Strategy broadly defined in the 1 st to 4 th Federal Energy Research Programmes Regional (Federal State) Programmes since about 1995
From the past to today (2) 1995 Conclusion from results up to 1995: all components of a solar hydrogen system were developed and functioning economically not feasible because of high system costs 30.000.000 Support of RD&D projects (BMWA and predecessors) 1996-2001 Hydrogen R&D activities reduced Priority for fuel cell R&D Suppo rt in 25.000.000 20.000.000 15.000.000 10.000.000 H 2 FC 5.000.000 0 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2001-2004 Investing - into - the - Future Programme (ZIP) for fuel cell demonstration and market preparation 2004 Clean Energy Partnership (CEP): Hydrogen demonstration project in Berlin
30 Years of Energy Research in Germany 400,0 Energy Research Programme 1974-2002 (Non Nuclear Energies) 300,0 Mio. 200,0 100,0 0,0 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Fossil Energies Renewable Energies New Energy Systems Rational use of Energy Other Activities
Energy Research BMWA 2003 Total 66,0 Mio. Other Activities 8% Rational Use of Energy 13% Fossil Power Plants 12% Eco Buildings 23% Storage Systems 6% Fuel Cells 38%
Investing - into - the - Future Program (2001-2003) 2003) Market stimulation with about 55 Mio. Euro support for fuel-cells projects by private-public partnership Fuel cells for decentralised cogeneration: 10 projects : ~ 18 Mio. Euro Small combined heat and power (CHP) units for family houses: 8 projects : ~ 17 Mio. Euro 33 % Mobile and other applications: 10 projects : ~ 12 Mio. Euro Industrial education and normative research to enable regulation and certification issues, handicraft education: 13 projects : ~ 8 Mio. Euro
Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) Hydrogen demonstration project in Berlin To demonstrate the reliability of hydrogen in everyday motor vehicle operation Start: Nov. 2004, duration: 5 years Hydrogen: gaseous and liquid 16 vehicles from BMW, Daimler- Chrysler, Ford and Opel with ICE and FC Total cost: 33 million Supported with 5 million by Federal Ministries of Transportation, Economy and Environment More information: www.cep-berlin.de
The 5th Energy Research Programme Published in July 2005 4 Federal Ministries involved: Economics and Labour (BMWA) Environment (BMU) Agriculture (BMVEL) Research (BMBF) Total Budget 1998 2008: 392 428 million Budget for Energy Efficiency and Renewables 1998 2008: 178 259 million
5. Energy Research Programme I Innovation and New Energy Technologies Goals: Securing a well balanced Energy mix, Improvement of Energy Efficiency, Increase of the share of Renewable Energies Improvement of flexibility for future energy supply by securing and extending technological options Contribution to other political targets, i.e. economic growth, employment, environmental and climate protection
Innovation Strategy Subsidies 100 % basic research Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 50 % Federal Ministry of Education and Research Research and Development Combined industrial research (P-P-P) Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing Demonstration Investing-into-the-future Programme ZIP 2001-2003 0 % Institutional Funding Project Funding Product / market time
5th Energy Research Programme: Fuel Cells The government focuses its fuel cell R&D funding on those with the best chances of a quick market implementation: In the high-temperature area: The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) and the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) In the low-temperature area: the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and the Direct Methanol (DMFC)
Gaining practical experience with MCFC plants (250 kw) MCFC Applications: hospitals, telecommunication, industry and utilities Fuel: natural gas and biogas Efficiency: 47 % (el.), 90 % (overall) Max. operating time: 20,000 h (goal: 40,000 h) Operating time accumulated: 100,000 h Costs: 8,000 /kw (goal: 1,500-2,000 /kw) Nearly complete value chain available in Germany
R&D on concepts: tubular, planar SOFC Applications: stationary use, mobile application as auxililiary power unit (5 kw, planar), combined heat and power plants (>100 kw, tubular) Fuel: natural gas, heating oil Efficiency: 48 % (el.), target >50% Max. operating time: 20,000 h (goal: 40,000 h) Materials: high reliability, high durability, low aging rate, increased tolerance towards gas impurities Market Launch: 2010 Promising activities in high power density (HPD) cells
PEMFC Concepts: Low (80-100 C) and high temperature (120 C) PEMFC Applications: Stationary (house energy supply), mobile (propulsion system) House Energy Supply: Fuel: hydrogen, natural gas, heating oil Efficiency: 25-29% (el.), target >35% Power: 1-5 kw Ready for the market: 2010 First demonstration projects in Germany in 2006
Cost Targets Despite of the great potential for fuel cell applications further steps must be taken to reduce costs, enhance life time and performance. A successful market launch of fuel cells should consider the following cost targets: Portable Applications: 1500-2500 /kw Stationary Applications: 1000-1500 /kw Mobile Applications: 50-150 /kw Substantial cost reductions are necessary that cannot simply be achieved through mass production. Instead, considerable R&D efforts are needed.
5th Energy Research Programme: Hydrogen The government encourages new and innovative R&D on hydrogen technologies: Technologies for the electrolytic hydrogen generation are available and they can be improved through detail advancements in case of new findings in materials and basic research R&D in renewables is considerable and currently focused on electricity production Technologies for hydrogen storage, particularly concerning the application in transport
Regional Programmes National Programmes ERA*- net International Cooperation EU Framework Programme *ERA = European Research Area ERA is a vision for the future of research in Europe, an internal market for science and technology. It fosters scientific excellence, competitiveness and innovation through the promotion of better co-operation and coordination between relevant actors at all levels.
European Union (HY-CO) BMWA is partner in the ERA-NET Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Coordination Action (HY-CO) European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (HFP) BZ BMWA is represented in the Mirror Group
International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) Membership in the Steering Committee Co Chair in the Implementation and Liaison Committee Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) Membership in the Policy Group Membership in the Technical Group BZ
International Energy Agency (IEA) Participation in the Hydrogen Co-Ordination Group (HCG) established in June 2003 Participation in Implementing Agreement on Advanced Fuel Cells Member in Working Party Fossil Fuels
Outlook Improved national coordination and networking on policy/industry/science level (HYBERT Strategy Council) Comprehensive H2 / FC Roadmap for Germany will include regional, national, European and international cooperation Industry is pressing for action policy has to respond European and international cooperation will gain more importance and will be of influence on Germany s strategy
Information sources 5th Energy Research Programme http://www.bmwa.bund.de/navigation/service/bestellservice,did=65138.html Transport Energy Strategy (TES) www.bmvbw.de/alle-artikel-zum-thema-verkehr-.392.2179/fuel-of-the-future-transport- Energy-Strategy.htm?sort=VeroeffentlichungAm Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) www.cep.de FC Report from BERTA (in German) www.zsw-bw.de/de/docs/info/docs/fue-brennzell.pdf H2 Technology Strategy Report www.iphe.net/2-11-05/skh2_eng%20as%20distributed.pdf ERA-NET project HY-CO www.hy-co-era.net European H&FC Technology Platform www.hfpeurope.org National Coordination Office Jülich (NKJ) (in German) www.nkj-ptj.de
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