December 14 th 2017, Mid-West Electric Consumers Association Meeting Carbon Capture Technology : Current and Future R&D Focus Indra Bhattacharya, Ph.D.
Carbon Dioxide Capture : Primary Processes A.) Absorption B.) Adsorption C.) Membrane D.) Others CO 2 capture experience originates from the gas processing technologies Ref : http://www.zeroco2.no/projects/sleipner-west 2
CO 2 Capture technology at fossil fired plant : Post Combustion Absorption : Only class of technology available to the industry for large scale postcombustion capture of CO 2 for a coal fired power plant at present Commercial Projects Boundary Dam Project : SaskPower, Canada, 110 MW equivalent flue gas is processed Petra Nova : NRG Energy/Nippon Oil & Gas, 240 MW equivalent flue gas is processed Both projects rely on Enhanced Oil Recovery for revenue (Boundary Dam project have a small saline reservoir storage aspect) 3
Simplified process flow for absorption based CO 2 capture technology Ref. : Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants Volume 1a: Bituminous Coal (PC) and Natural Gas to Electricity Revision 3 July 6, 2015 DOE/NETL-2015/1723 4
Next generation technologies : Advanced solvents Membranes Fuel Cell Fuel Cell : CO 2 capture ef: http://www.mtrinc.com/ NETL 5
Size analogy for a commercial scale plant for CO 2 capture by membrane from a fossil fired generation unit Depending on membrane technology type and capture percentage requirement (if 90%) the total membrane surface area for a membrane CCS process could be 1.5 to 2.0 million m 2. The footprint of just the membrane skid will much smaller than that of a RO membrane system. Ref : http://www.water-technology.net/projects/israel/ 6
Next generation technologies : Example Cryogenic separation Technology being developed by Sustainable Energy Solutions Pilot scale test unit Bubbling Desublimating Heat Exchanger Ref: https://sesinnovation.com/ 7
CO 2 Capture at fossil fired plant, post combustion : Issues High capital cost/auxiliary load. Lack of regulatory mechanism for cost recovery. Scale issues: Based on current technologies, for 90% CO2 capture from a 550MW unit, there needs to be at least two capture units! Slow decline of capacity factors for baseload coal units. Future areas of R&D for fossil fired generation Next generation power cycles Advanced turbines/advanced materials for higher temperature Predictive data analytics 8
Global CO2 capture projects Facility name (click on link to view) Lifecycle stage Country State / district CO 2 capture capacity (Mtpa) Operation date Industry Capture type Transport type Transport length (km) Primary storage type Terrell Natural Gas Processing Plant (formerly Val Verde Natural Gas Plants) Operating UNITED STATES Texas 0.4-0.5 1972 Natural gas processing Industrial separation Pipeline 316 Enhanced oil recovery Enid Fertilizer Operating UNITED STATES Oklahoma 0.7 1982 Fertiliser production Industrial separation Pipeline 225 Enhanced oil recovery Shute Creek Gas Processing Plant Operating UNITED STATES Wyoming 7.0 1986 Natural gas processing Industrial separation Pipeline Sleipner CO2 Storage Operating NORWAY North Sea 1 1996 Natural gas processing Industrial separation No transport required (direct injection) Multiple, maximum of 460 km Not applicable Enhanced oil recovery Great Plains Synfuel Plant and Weyburn-Midale Operating CANADA Saskatchewan 3.0 2000 Synthetic natural gas Industrial separation Pipeline 329 Enhanced oil recovery Snøhvit CO2 Storage Operating NORWAY Barents Sea 0.7 2008 Natural gas processing Industrial separation Pipeline 153 Century Plant Operating UNITED STATES Texas 8.4 2010 Natural gas processing Industrial separation Pipeline 64 to 240 Enhanced oil recovery Air Products Steam Methane Reformer Operating UNITED STATES Texas 1.0 2013 Hydrogen production Industrial separation Pipeline 158 Enhanced oil recovery Coffeyville Gasification Plant Operating UNITED STATES Kansas 1.0 2013 Fertiliser production Industrial separation Pipeline 112 Enhanced oil recovery Lost Cabin Gas Plant Operating UNITED STATES Wyoming 0.9 2013 Natural gas processing Industrial separation Pipeline 374 Enhanced oil recovery Petrobras Santos Basin Pre-Salt Oil Field CCS Operating BRAZIL Santos Basin (off the coast of Rio de Janeiro) Approx. 1.0 2013 Natural gas processing Industrial separation No transport required (direct injection) Not applicable Enhanced oil recovery Boundary Dam Carbon Capture and Storage Operating CANADA Saskatchewan 1.0 2014 Power generation Post-combustion capture Pipeline 66 Enhanced oil recovery Uthmaniyah CO2-EOR Demonstration Operating SAUDI ARABIA Eastern Province 0.8 2015 Natural gas processing Industrial separation Pipeline 85 Enhanced oil recovery Quest Operating CANADA Alberta Approx. 1.0 2015 Hydrogen production Industrial separation Pipeline 64 onshore deep saline formations Abu Dhabi CCS Project (Phase 1 being Emirates Steel Industries) Operating UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Abu Dhabi 0.8 2016 Iron and steel production Industrial separation Pipeline 43 Enhanced oil recovery Petra Nova Carbon Capture Operating UNITED STATES Texas 1.4 2017 Power generation Post-combustion capture Pipeline 132 Enhanced oil recovery Illinois Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage Operating UNITED STATES Illinois 1.0 2017 Ethanol production Industrial separation Pipeline 1.6 Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection In construction AUSTRALIA Western Australia 3.4-4.0 2018 Natural gas processing Industrial separation Pipeline 7 https://www.globalccsinstitute.com/projects/large-scale-ccs-projects onshore deep saline formations onshore deep saline formations 9
Global CO2 capture projects Alberta Carbon Trunk Line ("ACTL") with Agrium CO2 Stream In construction CANADA Alberta 0.3-0.6 2018 Fertiliser production Industrial separation Pipeline 240 Enhanced oil recovery Alberta Carbon Trunk Line ("ACTL") with North West Sturgeon Refinery CO2 Stream Yanchang Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration In construction CANADA Alberta 1.2-1.4 2018 Oil refining Industrial separation Pipeline 240 Enhanced oil recovery In construction CHINA Shaanxi Province 0.41 2018-19 Chemical Production Industrial separation Pipeline 150 Enhanced oil recovery Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical CCS Advanced development CHINA Shandong Province 0.5 2021 Chemical Production Industrial separation Pipeline 75 Enhanced oil recovery Lake Charles Methanol Advanced development UNITED STATES Louisiana 4.2 Texas Clean Energy Project Advanced development UNITED STATES Texas 1.5-2.0 2022 (Institute estimate) 2022 (Institute estimate) Chemical production Industrial separation Pipeline 244 Enhanced oil recovery Chemical production Industrial separation Pipeline Not specified Enhanced oil recovery Norway Full Chain CCS Advanced development NORWAY Southern Norway 1.2 2022 Various Various Combination of shipping and pipeline Under evaluation CarbonNet Advanced development AUSTRALIA Victoria 1.0-5.0 2020's Under evaluation Under Evaluation Pipeline 130 Sinopec Eastern China CCS Early development CHINA Jiangsu Province 0.5 2020-2021 Fertiliser production Industrial separation Pipeline 200 Enhanced oil recovery Sinopec Shengli Power Plant CCS Early development CHINA Shandong Province 1.0 2020's Power generation Post-combustion capture Pipeline 80 Enhanced oil recovery China Resources Power (Haifeng) Integrated Carbon Capture and Sequestration Demonstration Early development CHINA Guangdong Province 1.0 2020's Power generation Post-combustion capture Pipeline 150 Huaneng GreenGen IGCC Project (Phase 3) Early development CHINA Tianjin 2.0 2020's Power generation Pre-combustion capture (gasification) Pipeline 50-100 Enhanced oil recovery important, dedicated geological storage options under review Korea-CCS 1 Early development SOUTH KOREA Either Gangwon province or Chungnam Province 1.0 2020's Power generation Post-combustion capture Shipping Under evaluation Korea-CCS 2 Early development SOUTH KOREA Not Decided 1.0 2020's Power generation Pre-combustion or oxycombustion Shipping Under evaluation Teesside Collective Early development UNITED KINGDOM Tees Valley 0.8 2020's Various Various Pipeline Under evaluation Caledonia Clean Energy Early development UNITED KINGDOM Scotland 3 2024 Power generation Post-combustion capture Pipeline 382 Dedicated geological storage, with potential for enhanced oil recovery South West Hub Early development AUSTRALIA Western Australia 2.5 2025 Fertiliser production and power generation Industrial separation Pipeline 80-110 onshore deep saline formations Shanxi International Energy Group CCUS Early development CHINA Shanxi Province 2.0 2020's Power generation Oxy-fuel combustion capture Pipeline Not specified Under evaluation Shenhua Ningxia CTL Early development CHINA Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region https://www.globalccsinstitute.com/projects/large-scale-ccs-projects 2.0 2020's Coal-to-liquids (CTL) Industrial separation Pipeline 200-250 Under evaluation 10
Questions???