Prof., D.Eng., Dr.-Ing. (habil), FREng, FIChemE Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering, University of Stuttgart Energy from different renewable energy technologies 1
Applications of solar thermal energy cooling and air conditioning -10 C 20 C heating of buildings 40 C 70 C hot water 50 C 80 C low temperature process heat 80 C 250 C electricity generation 250 C 1000 C high temperature process heat 250 C 1500 C Applications of solar thermal energy cooling and air conditioning -10 C 20 C heating of buildings 40 C 70 C hot water 50 C 80 C low temperature process heat 80 C 250 C electricity generation 250 C 1000 C high temperature process heat 250 C 1500 C 2
Applications of solar thermal energy cooling and air conditioning -10 C 20 C heating of buildings 40 C 70 C hot water 50 C 80 C low temperature process heat 80 C 250 C electricity generation 250 C 1000 C high temperature process heat 250 C 1500 C Applications of solar thermal energy cooling and air conditioning -10 C 20 C heating of buildings 40 C 70 C hot water 50 C 80 C low temperature process heat 80 C 250 C electricity generation 250 C 1000 C high temperature process heat 250 C 1500 C 3
Solar heat for buildings Small systems: hot water preparation and / or space heating for single family houses Large systems: hot water preparation and / or space heating for large buildings and/or housing developments, possibly in conjunction with seasonal heat storage Installed solar thermal power and m 2 collector area per 1000 inhabitants in the EU member states 21.9 million m 2 collector area 15350 MW th installed capacity 1 billion litres of oil or m 3 of gas saved per year 4
Development of solar thermal heat capacity (ESTTP) Operating principle of solar thermal power plants Conventional power plants 5
Operating principle of solar thermal power plants Solar thermal power plants Picture of 50 MW Andasol 1 power plant near Guadix / Spain 6
Solar thermal power tower plants PS10 and PS20 near Seville / Spain Project development for solar thermal power plants 7
Solar Electricity Cost of Concentrating Solar Power Plants 45 900 Solar Electricity Cost [ct/kwh] 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Installed Capacity [GW] 0 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Year SEGS Cost CSP Cost Spain CSP Cost Egypt Worldwide Installed CSP Capacity Source: EU-IP NEEDS (New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability Potential 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 GWh/km²year World electricity demand in 2050 1 km² of desert land yields up to 200-300 GWh e /year Demand 1 km² of desert land equals 50 MW coal or gas plant 1 km² of desert land saves 500,000 bbl of oil / year 1 km² of desert land avoids 200,000 tons CO 2 / year 1 km² of desert land can produce 165,000 m³ freshwater/day by desalination light emissions as indicator for electricity demand 8
Concept of a EU-MENA Renewable Energy Link Using HVDC Power Transmission Technology solar (CSP) solar (PV) wind hydro biomass geothermal Scenario for total EU-MENA HVDC interconnection 2020 2050 * Year 2020 2030 2040 2050 Capacity GW 2 x 5 8 x 5 14 x 5 20 x 5 Transfer TWh/y 60 230 470 700 Capacity Factor 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.80 Land Area km x km CSP HVDC 15 x 15 3100 x 0.1 30 x 30 3600 x 0.4 40 x 40 3600 x 0.7 50 x 50 3600 x 1.0 Investment Billion CSP HVDC 42 5 134 16 245 31 350 45 * All countries analysed in TRANS-CSP 9
Interconnecting MENA and Europe: The TRANS-CSP Study 4000 3500 2000 2005 Year 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 1500 1000 500 0 3000 2500 2000 Power Demand and Supply [TWh/y] Old Plants MENA CSP Export CSP Desalination CSP MENA New Plants MENA Total Demand MENA Solar Thermal Total Energy Demand EU Summary. The thermal utilization of solar radiation will make an enormous contribution to a sustainable heat and power provision. Solar thermal power plants already are a well-proven and demonstrated technology; since 1985 nine parabolic trough-type solar thermal power plants in California have fed more than 10 billion kwh of solar-based electricity into the Southern Californian grid. At present, solar thermal power plants with a total capacity exceeding 500 MW are under construction world-wide, with a further 10 GW being in advanced project development stage. In combination with thermal energy storage, solar thermal power plants can provide dispatchable electricity. Solar thermal power plants are already among the most cost-effective renewable power technologies. With further technological improvements and mass production of components, they will become competitive with fossil-fuel plants within the next decade. Solar thermal power plants can combine electricity generation and seawater desalination. With the installation of a EU-MENA HVDC grid it will be possible to provide a share of the Northern European electricity demand. 10
Thank you for your attention 11