CRIEPI Seminar on Environmental Policy Energy Strategies of Japan - The Role of Clean Coal Technologies- October 19, 2007 Jun Inumaru Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry 1
CRIEPI Seminar on Environmental Policy Presentation Overview Coal resources situation in Asia and in the world Energy resources and power generation in Japan Japan s new coal policy toward 2030 Development of Clean Coal Technology Development of IGCC demonstration plant in Japan CRIEPI s activity to develop IGCC Technology CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) as option in the future 2
Recoverable Reserves (billion tones of Oil Equivalent) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Lignite Sub-Bituminous Bituminous Recoverable Reserves R / P ratio COAL OIL Natural Gas 300 250 200 150 100 Recoverable Reserves of Energy Resources 50 0 Reserves / Production ratio (years) (Sources:World Energy Council 2004) 3
Europe 112.3 Russian Federation 127.5 Middle East 0.2 Africa 6.0 South Africa 55.3 India 73.7 China 92.2 Indonesia 3.5 Asia & Pacific region exclude China,India, Australia,Indonesia 41.3 Australia 69.3 Sub- bituminous Lignite 209.3 North America 212.6 97.9 509.5 Bituminous South America 18.1 Total World (billion tones) Proved Recoverable Researves of Coal in the World at End-1996 (unit : billion tones of bituminous coal equivalent ) Sources: Survey of Energy Resources / World Energy Council 1998 4
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Asia Pacfic Africa Middle East Europa & Eurasia S. & Cent. America North America 0% Oil Natural Coal Gas Distribution of Proved Reserves (Sources: BP Statistical Review of Word Energy 2006) 5
Consumption of Coal in the world : 4.0 billion ton in 2004 6.1 billion ton in 2030 Asia: 53% Asia: 61% North America: 20% North America: 20% Europe: 20% Europe: 14% Others: 7% Others: 5% Consumption of Coal in Asia : 2.1 billion ton in 2004 3.7 billion ton in 2030 China: 67% China: 62% India: 13% India: 17% Japan: 8% Japan: 4% Korea: 3% Korea: 3% Others: 9% Others: 14% (Sources: IEEJ, Asia/World Energy Outlook 2006) 6
Lifecycle Assessment CO 2 Emissions Intensity by Sources in Japan 7
Dependence on Imported Energy Sources by country 8
Trend of Annual Power Generation by Energy Sources 9 in Japan
New Coal Policy toward 2030 Japanese government proposed New coal policy toward 2030 to promote Clean Coal Technology in 2004. Five Basic Directions -- Promote high-efficiency use -- Reduce/utilize environmentally harmful byproducts -- Cultivate new possibilities of coal utilization -- Expand supply potential of coal -- Improve efficient procurement of coal Activity of Electric Power Company -- Develop high-efficiency power generation systems, such as USC, IGCC and IGFC -- Promote utilization of biomass by co-fireing in pulverized coal power plant 10
USC: Ultra Super Critical PFBC:Pressurized Fluidized Bed IGCC:Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle A-: Advanced Development of Coal Coal Technology in Japan 11
(LHV) 60 55 50 45 40 Future aspect of thermal efficiency in coal utilization power generation system 12
Conceptual Drawing of 250MW IGCC Demonstration Plant Gasifier Turbine Train Gas Cleanup Air Separation Unit (Sources: Clean Coal Power R&D Co. ) 13
Schedule of IGCC Demonstration Plant Project Fiscal year Demonstration Plant Tests 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Design of plant Construction of plant Operation tests Environmental Impact Assessment Specification Coal Capacity: 1700 tons/day Cross Output: 250 MW Net thermal Efficiency: 42%(LHV) Emission Level:SOx / NOx / PMs: 3 8ppm / 5ppm / 4mg/m N 14
CRIEPI s Activity to develop IGCC technology using a bench scale gasifier Coal Pre-treatment Facility Waste Gas Treatment Facility Capacity:2.4 T/D Pressure:2 MPa Operation:1983-1995 Tested Coal:Over 20 types Development of Air-blown Entrained Flow Gasifier Gas Receiver & Feed Facility Coal Gasifier Specifications of 3T/D New Coal Gasifier Gasifier Type:Pressurized Entrained Flow Fuel Feed:Dry Feed System Fuel Capacity:3 T/D Operating Pressure:2 MPa Fuel Types:Coal(Including Low Rank Coal) Gasifying Agent:Air, Oxygen, Steam CRIEPI has been carrying out a series of R&D including the experiments using 2.4 T/D coal gasifier 1983-1995 in order to support the design and operation of IGCC Pilot Plant (200 T/D). CRIEPI constructed the new gasifier to develop advanced IGCC technologies required to commercialize IGCC. 15
CRIEPI s Numerical Simulation Technology for Coal Gasifier to support IGCC demonstration project Numerical Simulation of 2.4T/D Gasifier char gas ification reaction particle transport buoyant force drag force gravity force gas phase reaction air volatile gas particle adhesion det erminat ion pyrolytic reaction radiation burner Cold gas efficiency % Air ratio CO H2 Temp. Concentration Particle path Numerical simulation makes it possible to predict the physical values which are hard-tomeasured. Numerical simulation results show good agreement with experimental results. 16
CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) as option in the future (Sources: HP of RITE) 17
CO2 capture technologies 1.Post 1.Post Combustion Coal Air Boiler Gas treatment units CO 2 separator CO 2 Stack CO 2 Comp. 2. 2. Oxy-fuel fuel Combustion Coal O 2 Boiler Gas treatment units CO 2 CO 2 Comp. 3. 3. Pre Pre Combustion Coal Air Gasifier Gas Clean-up Shift Converter CO 2 separator CO 2 Gas Turbine CO 2 Comp. / O 2 Shift Reaction:CO+H 2 O H 2 +CO 2 18
Thermal efficiency and power generation cost of CO2 Capture System Generation Coal-fired IGCC Oxy-fuel IGCC min max min max +SOFC Non-CO 2 Capture Efficiency[%] 41 45 38 47 Generation cost [US$/MWh] 43 52 41 61 CO 2 Capture Capture MEA, KS-1 Selexol Oxy-fuel Oxy-fuel CO 2 recovery[%] 85 90 85 91 91 95 Efficiency[%] 30 35 31 40 35 61 Generation cost [US$/MWh] 62 86 54 79 61 54 CO 2 recovery cost [US$/tCO 2 ] 23 35 11 32 - - Efficiency :LHV Excluding CO 2 transport and storage cost IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage 2005/12 Cambridge Univ. Pr. 19