SCANDRIA Workshop The current political obstacles towards the introduction of biogas for the road transport By Bruno Sander Nielsen
Joint biogas plants Farm scale biogas plants Consultants Energy sector Sub-suppliers Secretariat: Chairman: Aksel Buchholt Secr.: Bruno Sander Nielsen Constructors Research Agriculture Waste handling
PJ Diversification of Energy Supply 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Gross Energy Consumption 1972 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 Oil Natural Gas Coal Renewables
Danish energy sector From centralized power plants to decentralized production Centralized production in the mid 80 s Legend: Decentralized CHP Centralized CHP Wind mill park Decentralized production of today
PJ Renewable energy in Denmark 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1980 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 Wind Straw Wood Biogas Biodegradable waste Heat pumps etc
Danish energy policy From oil to coal, natural gas and renewables Widespread natural gas grid From centralised power plants to decentralised cogeneration of power and district heating Transportation is fossil No tax reductions on biofuels Market finansing 5,75 and 10 per cent renewables High share of windpower in power system Renewable but unpredictable and unreliable Backup systems needed
Biogas -stable and flexible Biogas production Continous, stable and predictable Up/down regulation through seasons Biogas utilisation Adaptation to demand Storage on biogas plant Back-up for windpower Injection into gas grid Transportation Engines and fuel cells
PJ Biogas currently and potential 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 SOEC upgrading Landfill gas Garden and park waste Household waste Meat/Bone meal Industrial waste Imp Industrial waste DK Sewage sludge Manure 0 Current Potential
PJ Biogas currently and potential 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 5% of energy consumption 20 25 % of natural gas 20 25 % of road transp. SOEC upgrading Landfill gas Garden and park waste Household waste Meat/Bone meal Industrial waste Imp Industrial waste DK Sewage sludge Manure 0 Current Potential
PJ Biogas currently and potential 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 App. 90 % of natural gas for CHP or industry/households/service 5% of energy consumption 20 25 % of natural gas 20 25 % of road transp. SOEC upgrading Landfill gas Garden and park waste Household waste Meat/Bone meal Industrial waste Imp Industrial waste DK Sewage sludge Manure 0 Current Potential
PJ Biogas currently and potential 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 App. 90 % of natural gas for CHP or industry/households/service 5% of energy consumption 20 25 % of natural gas 20 25 % of road transp. Current Potential SOEC upgrading Landfill gas Garden and park waste Household waste Meat/Bone meal Industrial waste Imp Industrial waste DK Sewage sludge Manure Energy crops Organic biogas Nature management Aquatic biomass
25 years of Danish biogas experience Manure - from a farmers problems to an opportunity for the whole society
Biogas plants Not only for production of renewable energy But a multifunctional tecnology for Renewable energy and energy supply security Sustainable agricultural development Environmental protection Rural development
Biogas - in principle Manure Organic waste Biogas Plant Digested biomass Renewable energy
Biogas - in principle Manure Organic Biogas Plant waste Digested biomass Redistribution and improved utilisation of nutrients Protection of aquatic environment, less smell Renewable energy
Biogas - in principle Sustainable agricultural production, food supply and export Manure Organic Biogas Plant waste Digested biomass Redistribution and improved utilisation of nutrients Protection of aquatic environment, less smell Renewable energy
Biogas - in principle Sustainable agricultural production, food supply and export Manure Recovery of nutrients and energy content Organic Biogas Plant waste Digested biomass Redistribution and improved utilisation of nutrients Protection of aquatic environment, less smell Renewable energy
Biogas - in principle Sustainable agricultural production, food supply and export Manure Recovery of nutrients and energy content Organic Biogas Plant waste Digested biomass Redistribution and improved utilisation of nutrients Protection of aquatic environment, less smell Renewable energy Energy supply security Combined power and heat Transportation?
Number of plants 22 centralised biogas plants 60 farm scale biogas plants Danish biogas plants Biomass in biogas plants Manure 2 mill. t Organic residues 0.5 mill. ton Total 2.5 mill. ton
TJ Manurebased biogas 3500 3000 2500 2 mill. tonnes of livestock manure Target: 10 times more 2000 1500 Centralised Farmscale Total 1000 500 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
DKK per kwh Payment for electricity from biogas 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Before 200 2003-2008 After 2008 1 0,08 0,08 0,1 2 0,08 0,08 0,102 3 0,08 0,08 0,10404 4 0,08 0,08 0,106121 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Before 2003 After 2003 After 2008
kg CO2eq per ton biomass Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Efficient heat and power: 220 % transportation: 167 % 100 90 80 70 60 7 43 Cheap 0 to 6 $ 50 40 30 20 40 10 0 Fossil fuel substitution CO2 eq Methane N2O
Why promote biogas? Renewable energy supply Stabilisation of wind dominated power system Efficient and cheap reduction of greenhouse gases Ready to go fuel for transportation Environmental protection (aquatic, smell etcetera) Recirculation of nutrients (phosphorous etcetera) Synergies to organic and conventional agriculture Growth and employment Export of food and biogas technologi
Utilisation of biogas Current situation Substitution of natural gas in CHP Fits into decentralised structure Directly in local CHP plant Cheapest and most simple - if the heat can be utilised Feed-in tarif :10 cent/kwh 2008 + annually regulation (60 pct. inflation) Future development Upgrading and distributed in gas grid Storage capacity Improved utilisation of heat? Upgrading very expensive Downgrading of natural gas? Transportation fuel Most efficient biofuel New infrastructure necessary
Government Green Growth Plan 2009 Promotion in biogas through From currently 5 % to 50 % of manure into biogas in 2020 Co-ordination plan for construction of biogas plants Plan for integration of biogas into the energy sector Obligation for municipalities to point out where to build plants Distribution in natural gas grid on equal terms as direct co-generation Equal opportunities for biogas to earn money as natural gas suppliers Financing 20 % construction subsidy (in total 300 mill. DKK from 2010 to 2012) loans guaranteed by municipalities Capital from investors
Energy policy negotiations Government proposal from Nov. 25 2011: Keep up with current system for CHP Improved economy for manure based biogas Feed in tarif for upgraded biogas injected to the grid as for CHP New subsidies for biogas for transportation Waiting for a political agreement Moves into right direction though still not enough Opening up for biogas for transportation
Promotors for biogas in transportation Denmark has a widespread (natural)gas infrastructure Biogas is the most efficient and chepest tool to reduce GHG emissions (double counting and double function) Natural gas is a corporate and socio-economic preferable alternative to gasoline and diesel biogas will be too Biogas much more energy efficient than bioethanol and biodiesel Electricity is not an option for heavy duty vehicles Reduction in health hazardous emissions Less noise from transportation Biogas production potential higher than local demand for CHP
Obstacles for biogas in transportation Denmark has a widespread (natural)gas infrastructure for CHP It is cheaper and more efficient to reduce emissions in CHP sector Subsidies for renewable energy is directed to power and heat sectors We do not have a gas infrastructure for transportation Filling stations Vehicles Bioethanol and biodiesel fits into existing infrastructure Public focus on electricity for transportation Biogas loose subsidies and becomes taxed when injected into gas grid Higher tax on gas vehicles due to higher price Public transportation is driven by reduced cost on short term
30 years of incentives in Denmark Society Decrease dependency on imported fossil fuel Protection of drinking and surface waters Decrease emission of greenhouse gases Agriculture Improved utilisation and storage capacity Relations to neighbours Redistribution of manure Extraction of surplus of nutrients Development promoted by Legislation regarding handling of manure and energy Subsidies for research, demonstration, documentation, etc. Framework conditions: construction subsidy and premium price for electricity
Conclusion Biogas is on the political agenda in Denmark Primarily for use in CHP sectors and to stabilize power system Increased focus on biogas for transportation the first renewable fuel to be directly subsidised Biogas fits into both decentralised structure and whole grids Gas grid and CHP infrastructure preferred utilisation of biogas Gas grid can promote use of biogas in transportation Green gas certificates - a new driver Need a targeted development of infrastructure and market Demonstration/infrastructure programme filling stations pioneers in biogas fleets (public transport) Next energy act may promote (feed in)
Thank you for your attention www.biogasbranchen.dk bsn@lf.dk