Adrian Unc 1, Lakshman Galagedara 1, Mumtaz Cheema 1, Mano Krishnapillai 2, Vanessa Kavanagh 3, Daniel Altdorff 1 1 Memorial University, Boreal Ecosystems Research Initiative-Agriculture 2 Memorial University, Grenfell Campus, Division of Science 3 Newfoundland and Labrador Forestry and Agrifoods Agency
Awareness of current knowledge Literature survey
How does NL agricultural research relate to research in other jurisdictions? Keyword analysis Multidimensional scaling
How is NL research reflected into current global research? Keyword analysis only keywords identified for NL Multidimensional scaling
Direct knowledge access Learning from current activities & expanding: - ARAC = Identification of critical industry needs - Nesting applied research within current agricultural activities - Expanding Provincial Agricultural research - Integrating Federal and Provincial research
Knowledge adaptation learning from others Who s farming under similar soil and climatic conditions?
Soils
Land Capability Classes for Agriculture Class 4: Soils in this class have severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices Class 5: Soils in this class have very severe limitations that restrict their capability in producing perennial forage crops, and improvement practices are feasible.
Who s farming under similar soil and climatic conditions? Podzols
NZ Podzols
3.1. Land is capable of producing a moderate range of crops with high yield of cereals and grass; potatoes and other vegetables are also grown 3.2. Land is capable of producing a moderate range of crops with an increasing trend towards grass within the rotation 3.3. Land is capable of producing a narrow range of crops; enterprises are based primarily on grassland with short arable breaks
Caveat! Expansion of agricultural lands on podzols a NL unique scenario!
Climate change spurring agricultural activities
Baseline 1971-2000 (>5deg C)
Baseline 1971-2000 (>5deg C)
C Warmer? 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40 1935 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360 Julian Day Corner Brook
C Warmer? 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40 1935 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360 Corner Brook Julian Day 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40 2010 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
C day -1 year -1 0.3 0.1-0.1 MAX MIN MEAN 1933-1959 Temperature Trends Deer Lake -0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
0.3 1933-1959 MAX MIN MEAN Temperature Trends Deer Lake C day -1 year -1 0.1-0.1-0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0.3 Month 1960-1989 C day -1 year -1 0.1-0.1-0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
0.3 1933-1959 MAX MIN MEAN Temperature Trends Deer Lake C day -1 year -1 0.1-0.1 0.3 1990-2014 -0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0.3 Month 1960-1989 0.1-0.1 C day -1 year -1 0.1-0.1-0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month -0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
mm month -1 year -1 1.5 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 1933-1959 RAIN SNOW Precipitation Trends Deer Lake -1.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
mm month -1 year -1 1.5 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 1933-1959 RAIN SNOW Precipitation Trends Deer Lake -1.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 mm month -1 year -1 1.5 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 1960-1989 Month -1.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
mm month -1 year -1 1.5 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 1933-1959 RAIN SNOW 1.5 1990-2014 Precipitation Trends Deer Lake mm month -1 year -1-1.5 1.5 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1960-1989 Month mm month -1 year -1 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 -1.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month -1.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
mm Wetter? 60 50 1966 40 30 20 10 0 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360 Julian Day Corner Brook
mm Wetter? 60 50 1966 40 30 20 10 0 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360 Julian Day 60 50 2013 Corner Brook 40 30 20 10 0 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
Change in growing degree days per year Change in growing degree days per year Deer Lake 15 10 above_10c above_5c 5 0-5 -10 1930-1959 1960-1989 1990-2014
Knowledge transfer and new knowledge Crop system development requires an Integrated decision support system approach
http://dssat.net/about Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer
Weather Data The minimum required weather data includes: http://dssat.net/about Latitude and longitude of the weather station, Daily values of incoming solar radiation (MJ/m²-day), Maximum and minimum daily air temperature (ºC), and Daily total rainfall (mm). Soil Data Desired soil data includes soil classification (SCS), surface slope, color, permeability, and drainage class. Soil profile data by soil horizons include: upper and lower horizon depths (cm), percentage sand, silt, and clay content, 1/3 bar bulk density, organic carbon, ph in water, aluminum saturation, and root abundance information. Management and Experiment Data Management data includes information on planting date, dates when soil conditions were measured prior to planting, planting density, row spacing, planting depth, crop variety, irrigation, and fertilizer practices. These data are needed for both model evaluation and strategy analysis.
Side effects Managing externalities Environmental Services Environmental Quality Quality of Life
Crops and cropping systems
Who carries out Agricultural research?
1. Recognize the unique challenges of NL agricultural development 2. Treat this as an opportunity to develop a unique NL research program with global implications
Network partnerships Province MUN CNA & Industry Federal government National and international collaborators Support the sustainable development of NL Agriculture, Develop and retain local skills while Manage financial limitations Understand and overcome through collaborations the limitations of the local research capabilities = Manage priorities (objectively) & Balance resources