INTERACTIVE SCIENCE 1B Workbook Solutions (Enrichment Edition) Chapter 4 ENERGY Part A Sectional Exercise 4.1 Question p.1 (a) Sound energy (e) Kinetic energy (b) Light and heat energy (f) Electrical energy (c) Light and sound energy (g) Chemical energy (and also heat energy) (d) Potential and kinetic energy Fill in the blanks p.1 1. chemical 2. potential 3. sound 4. light 5. electrical 6. kinetic 7. kinetic 8. gravitational 4.2 Matching p.2 (a) --- (vi) (b) --- (v) (c) --- (vii) (d) --- (ii) (e) --- (iii) (f) --- (i) (g) --- (iv) Question p.2 (a) Potential energy is changed into kinetic energy (and then sound energy). (b) Chemical energy is changed into kinetic energy (and also heat energy). 4.1
(c) Kinetic energy is changed into potential energy. (d) Chemical energy is changed into heat and light energy. (e) Kinetic energy is changed into sound energy. (f) Kinetic energy is changed into potential energy. 4.3 Fill in the blanks p.4 1. energy 2. Petrol 3. cooking 4. Safety precautions 5. expensive Questions p.4 1. Because town gas is odourless and colourless, adding a special odour helps to warn people when there is a leakage. 2. Do not smoke./switch off the head lights./switch off the engine. (Or any three reasonable answers.) 3. Flammable substances (matches) are placed near the stove. The LPG pipe is worn out. Too much fuels (LPG containers) in the kitchen. 4.4 Concept checking p.5 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. False Fill in the blanks p.5 (a) chemical (b) heat (c) steam (d) turbine (e) electrical 4.2
Multiple choice p.5 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B Questions p.6 1. The process releases some harmful gases that cause air pollution. The process releases sulphur dioxide which dissolves in rain to form acid rain. When a large amount of fossil fuels are burnt, much carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere and causes global warming. (Or any three reasonable answers.) 2. Nuclear energy Advantage: No air pollutant is produced during the generation of electricity. Disadvantage: A lot of dangerous radioactive nuclear waste is produced. (Or any reasonable answers.) 3. Hydro-electric power Advantage: No air pollutant is produced during the generation of electricity. Disadvantage: Storing water behind the dam may lead to accumulation of soil in the river bank and cause flooding./storing water behind the dam may affect the natural environment. (Or any reasonable answers) 4. (a) Wind power is a free source of energy which will never run out. No air polllutant is produced during the generation of electricity. (b) Wind turbines occupy a large piece of land, but the land resource is very limited and expensive in Hong Kong. The wind is not strong enough throughout the year. 5. (a) Motor vehicles are much faster than bicycles, but they consume more energy. (b) Computers have become popular. Using computers consumes more energy. (c) Electrical appliances can improve the living standards of human beings, but they consume more energy. Part B Integrated Exercise Concept checking p.8 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. True 4.3
7. True 8. True 9. False 10. False Multiple choice p.9 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. D Matching p.12 (a) --- (vii) (b) --- (v) (c) --- (vi) (d) --- (i) (e) --- (iv) (f) --- (viii) (g) --- (ii) (h) --- (iii) Questions p.13 1. (a) (i) kinetic energy (ii) potential energy (b) (i) potential energy (ii) kinetic energy 2. (a) Kinetic energy is changed into sound energy. (b) Potential energy is changed into kinetic energy. (c) Chemical energy is changed into kinetic energy (and also heat energy). 4.4
(d) Potential energy is changed into kinetic energy. (e) Chemical energy is changed into potential, kinetic, sound, heat and light energy. (f) potential energy of water is changed into kinetic energy of turbine, and then electrical energy. 3. C D G A B E F 4. (a) (A diagram of a fan or any reasonable converters.) Fan (Or any reasonable answers) (b) (A diagram of a dry cell or any reasonable converters.) Dry cell (Or any reasonable answers) (c) (A diagram of a box of matches or a lighter or any reasonable converters.) Green plant (or any reasonable answers) (d) (A diagram of a green plant or any reasonable converters.) Match/Lighter (or any reasonable answers) 5. (a) Nuclear energy (b) (i) controlled (ii) heat (iii) nuclear (iv) boil (v) turbine (vi) generator (c) Nuclear power stations require a lot of water for cooling operations. 6. (a) an uncontrolled Potential energy is changed into sound energy and kinetic energy. (b) an uncontrolled Potential energy is changed into kinetic energy, sound energy and heat energy. (c) a controlled Potential energy is changed into kinetic energy and sound energy. (d) a controlled Chemical energy is changed into kinetic energy, potential energy, sound energy, heat energy and light energy. (e) a controlled Chemical energy is changed into kinetic energy (and also heat energy), and then potential energy. 7. (a) Yes (b) The energy change in a power station must be a controlled energy change, otherwise, explosion may happen, or the power supply may not be sufficient. Part C Concept Diagram p.18 4.5
1. kinetic energy 2. chemical energy 3. heat energy 4. electrical energy 5. potential energy 6. vibrating 7. compressed or stretched 8. gravitational potential energy 9. non-renewable energy source 10. renewable energy source 11. fossil fuel 12. coal 13. oil 14. petrol 15. hydro-electric power Part D Reading Comprehension p.20 1. (a) Nan ao is located along the coastal wind belts from Changjiang to Nan ao, and from Nan ao west to Hainan Island. (b) Increase the use of renewable energy. (c) Wind farms can cause noise pollution. (d) (i) It needs to be a large area of land. It needs to be far away from residential areas. It needs to be located on a wind belt. (Or any three reasonable answers.) (ii) Poi Toi Island (or any reasonable answers) (e) The land can be used to develop into farmland. The land can be left as a natural habitat. 2. (a) Chemical energy is changed into heat energy (and light energy). (b) Electrical energy is changed into heat energy. (c) 1. Minimising energy use 2. Safety (or any two reasonable answers) (d) They are used to cooking with a flame. It is difficult to change their habits./ They may think it is more expensive to use no-flame cooking./ They may think cooking with a flame makes the food more delicious. 4.6
(Or any reasonable answers.) Part E Little Einstein s Corner p.22 (a) (i) kinetic energy electrical energy light (and heat) energy (ii) It is a controlled energy change because the user can stop turning the handle to turn the light off. (b) (i) (The labeled diagram should include a bulb, a dynamo, a handle and the connecting method of the components.) (ii) Save money because no dry cell is needed. The torch is environmentally friendly because no dry cell is needed. 4.7