In view of the unfolding crisis, the Government of Chad, facing a depleted food security

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1 CHAD EMERGENCY OPERATION (EMOP) Title: Emergency Food Assistance to Drought-affected Population in Chad Number of beneficiaries: 737,000 Duration of project: 10 months (March December 2010) WFP food tonnage: 46,784 mt WFP food cost: US$20,740,467 Total cost to WFP: US$65,439,726 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As a result of drought, Chad is facing an impending food security and nutrition crisis. Low and erratic rainfall during the cropping season, following belowaverage rainfall in 2008, has severely affected cereal production and negatively impacted the availability of pasture for livestock. A crop and food supply assessment mission in October 2009 estimated a cereal deficit for the agricultural season of 35 percent below the five-year average, which translates into a net deficit of 637,000 mt. The regions of Kanem, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Guera, Batha, Lac, Hadjer Lamis, Ouddai, Wadi Fira and Sila, in the Sahelian belt of Chad, are structurally the most food-insecure in the country due to cyclic exposure to weather hazards. Food insecurity in those regions has been further exacerbated by the past years poor agricultural production. A joint needs assessment conducted by the Government of Chad, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Famine Early Warning System Network and WFP in December 2009 estimates that over two million people have been affected by crop failure and drought in 2009; of this total, some 750,000 people are located in the west and central Sahelian regions (Bahr-el-Ghazal, Kanem, Lac and Hadjer Lamis). The report estimates that 80,000 mt of cereals are required to cover the needs of the affected population nationwide. Livestock raising is an important livelihood in the affected areas and provides a key source of protein-rich food, such as dairy products. A government/food and Agriculture Organization assessment mission reported that approximately 780,000 cattle and over 400 camels were lost in 2009 due to the drought. This translates into an estimated monetary value of US$460 million. By the end of 2009, the livestock death rate had reached 31 percent. Malnutrition data reported to date includes rates above the World Health Organization s emergency threshold. A nutrition survey by Action Contre la Faim in December 2009 in the Kanem and Bahr-el-Ghazal regions concluded that the global acute malnutrition rate for children aged 6 to 59 months is 27 percent, with severe acute malnutrition accounting for 4.5 percent. The mortality rate among children under 5 is 1.59 per 10,000 per day. One child in two suffers from chronic malnutrition (56 percent). In view of the unfolding crisis, the Government of Chad, facing a depleted food security 1

2 stock and recognizing its limited response capacity, has requested WFP assistance. As part of a coordinated response of the Humanitarian Country Team, this operation will assist 737,000 drought-affected people in Kanem, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Guera, Batha, Lac and Hadjer Lamis regions. Additional drought-affected persons in Ouddai, Wadi Fira and Sila in Eastern Chad will be assisted through the ongoing emergency operation (EMOP ), which currently provides assistance to about 600,000 Sudanese refugees, internally displaced persons and vulnerable people among the host communities. In line with the Strategic Objectives 1 and 3 of the WFP Strategic Plan ( ), the operation will aim to: i) save the lives of drought-affected populations through the provision of general food rations; ii) reduce malnutrition and improve the health status of vulnerable groups, including pregnant and lactating women and children aged 6-59 months through blanket and targeted supplementary feeding; and iii) strengthen resiliency of communities to shocks through food-for-work activities aimed at improving food security. The operation addresses Millennium Development Goals 1, 4 and 5. 1 The objectives will be achieved in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Children Fund, Action Contre la Faim, and the Ministries of Health and Agriculture. The overall context 1. Chad is a least-developed, low-income food deficit country, with a population of 11.2 million. 2 The country ranked 170th out of 177 in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2008 Human Development Index. Eighty percent of the population depends on subsistence farming and herding for their livelihoods. 2. Chad has experienced several decades of political instability due to armed conflicts within the country and along the border with neighbouring Sudan. While the situation in the western part of the Sahelian belt has been calm, insecurity is prevailing in the eastern part (Wadi Fira, Ouaddai and Sila), where more than 188,000 people have been displaced by inter-ethnic violence since These regions also host over 255,000 refugees from Darfur. 3. The Sahelian belt of the country (Kanem, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Guera, Batha, Ouddai, Wadi Fira and Sila) is the most food-insecure, exposed to weather hazards and especially low and erratic rainfall. An estimated 5.1 million people live in these regions, mainly pastoralists and farmers. 3 As a result of the drought in 2009, farmers 1 Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; MDG 4: Reduce child mortality; MDG 5: Improve maternal health. 2 Institut National de la Statistique, des Études Économiques et Démographiques (INSEED): Résultats provisoires Deuxième Recensement General de la Population et de l Habitat (RGPH2, 2009). 3 Institut National de la Statistique, des Études Économiques et Démographiques (INSEED): Résultats provisoires Deuxième Recensement General de la Population et de l Habitat (RGPH2, 2009). 2

3 have experienced a very poor harvest, while pastoralists have faced another season of below-average rainfall, resulting in the loss of thousands of livestock. This has greatly reduced the food and nutrition security of the Sahelian population. 4. In response to the Government s request for emergency assistance, WFP has taken the lead, in partnership with the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Action Contre la Faim (ACF), and the World Health Organization (WHO), to launch a multi-sectoral intervention to address the food security and nutritional crisis in the Kanem, Bahr-el-Ghazal (BEG), Guera, Batha, Lac and Hadjer Lamis Regions. The food security and nutrition situation 5. In October 2009, the joint FAO/Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWSNET)/WFP crop and food supply assessment mission (CFSAM) estimated that the 2009 cereal harvest would be 35 percent below the five-year average. 4 The net cereal deficit for is now estimated at 637,000 mt. Furthermore, the CFSAM reported that nominal millet prices were already 30 percent above the fiveyear average, further reducing household food access. The results point to an impending food crisis in the country. 6. A joint government/fao/fewsnet/wfp mission conducted in December 2009 found that at least 2 million people in Chad are affected by crop failure due to the drought and will need food assistance in The report estimates that the quantity of cereals required to cover the drought response is 80,000 mt. 7. FEWSNET launched successive food security alerts for Chad in December 2009 and January 2010, which highlighted a deteriorating nutrition situation. 6 A nutrition survey carried out by ACF in November and December in the pastoral areas of Kanem and BEG regions concluded that children aged 6 to 59 months are affected by acute malnutrition with a global acute malnutrition (GAM) rate of 27 percent and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) rate of 4.5 percent. 8 The mortality rate for children under 5 years is 1.59 per 10,000 per day, below alert levels, but it could deteriorate quickly as the lean season approaches. Already, some 56 percent of children are chronically malnourished, which affects their growth and development. These trends are expected to worsen as the lean season approaches. While the survey focused on the Noukou district of Kanem region and BEG, other areas with parallel livelihood profiles will be similarly affected. 8. WFP conducted a comprehensive food security and vulnerability analysis 9 in May 2009 which indicated that 16 percent of the population, or 1.6 million people, have limited access to food and that the most vulnerable groups are agro-pastoralists, 4 Joint Assessment by the Comité Permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Secheresse dans le Sahel (CILSS), FEWSNET, WFP, FAO and the Government of Chad. Evaluation Préliminaire de la Campagne Agricole 2009/2010 au Tchad October Joint mission of the Government and partners to identify zones at risk, targeting, and needs evaluation of the population affected by the poor harvest in 2009/2010, December FEWSNET, Chad Food Security Alert, 16 December 2009 and 13 January ACF, November-December 2009, Preliminary reports on nutrition and mortality survey in Bahr-el-Ghazal Region and Nokou district of Kanem Region. 8 These GAM and SAM rates are based on weight for height (WFH) measurement. 9 Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) report 3

4 pastoralists and casual labourers. The high rate of livestock mortality and the crop failure during the course of 2009 have exacerbated food insecurity among these groups and might have also reduced the food security of other livelihood groups. 9. In May 2009, the CFSVA already indicated a national global acute malnutrition (GAM) rate among children aged 6-59 months of 16.4 percent, of which 3.2 percent is severe. The Sahelian belt has the highest GAM rates in the country. Table 1: Prevalence of global acute malnutrition by region 10 Region GAM rates (%) Batha 25.3 Kanem/BEG 23.8 Chari- Baguirmi/Hadjer Lamis 22.9 Guera 22.4 Lac 19.9 Wadi Fira 13.8 Ouaddai 20.4 Salamat The lack of grazing and water resources has forced pastoralists to migrate earlier than normal, signalling livelihood stress. According to a Ministry of Agriculture/FAO assessment that covered the west-central areas of Chad, up to 31 percent of cattle died in 2009 due to lack of fodder. 11 There is concern that the poor grazing conditions in 2010 will lead to similar cattle mortality, especially if the 2010 rains are delayed. 11. The above reports and assessments confirm that an urgent response is required to mitigate increasing food insecurity and prevent a deterioration of the nutrition situation in Chad. Scenarios 12. With no new harvest due until October 2010, and with the lean season fast approaching, the situation will likely deteriorate. Several assessments, including FEWSNET food security alerts, have warned that the October/November 2009 harvest will be depleted well before the lean season, which starts in May/June If assistance is not provided in time, farmers may become too vulnerable to engage in any substantial farming activities, reducing their productivity and production in Unless general food distributions to drought-affected households are undertaken, complemented by supplementary and therapeutic feeding programmes for 10 These GAM rates are based on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement. They are statistically representative at the national level, and indicative at the regional level due to the survey sampling protocol. The CFSVA data was collected in May/June. 11 Government of Chad, FAO,WFP, FewsNet, «Rapport de la Mission Conjointe Gouvernement - Partenaires Pour l identification des Zones a Risque, Le Ciblage et l evaluation des Besoins des Populations Affectees par la Mauvaise Campagne Agricole 2009/2010» (Draft), January

5 moderately and severely malnourished persons respectively, global acute malnutrition rates are likely to increase. This could result in increasing mortality rates before the 2010 harvest. 14. Under a worst case scenario, the 2010 rains will come late, and will be insufficient and poorly distributed, resulting in another crop failure and inadequate pasture and water resources for livestock in 2010/2011. Further assessments may reveal a higher number of malnourished persons and food-insecure households than currently estimated. If needs continue to increase, the response will be scaled up through a budget revision to the proposed emergency operation (EMOP). This scenario will be developed under the Chad United Nations Inter-Agency Contingency Plan. Policies, capacities and actions of the Government 15. In 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture set up a National Early Warning System (Système d Alerte Précoce - SAP) and a National Reserve Fund for the Prevention and Mitigation of Disasters (Comité d Action pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et la Gestion des Crises - CASAGC). The SAP has worked very closely with FEWSNET and WFP s Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping unit in analyzing the current situation and the impact of the drought on crop performance. 16. The National Cereal Board (Office National de la Sécurité Alimentaire - ONASA) maintains an annual stock of 35,000 mt of cereals. The Government distributed 26,000 mt of this stock in 2009 as an intervention to address the poor harvest, and as a consequence, the current cereal reserve is estimated at 9,000 mt. In response to the upcoming crisis, the Government has planned to procure 30,000 mt of cereals for emergency distribution through ONASA, and has asked humanitarian agencies to cover the remaining requirements. Through this EMOP, WFP food assistance of 47,000 mt will be coordinated closely with ONASA to complement the Government s food response. 17. The Government has created the National Programme on Food Security (Programme National de la Sécurité Alimentaire - PNSA) in an effort to address climatic changes and environmental degradation. PNSA has the mandate to provide technical assistance to farmers in rehabilitation of natural resources and creation of productive assets. 18. The Ministry of Health manages 71 health centres in Kanem, Guera, Batha and BEG, of which only 35 are operational, though not fully functional. Implementation of the national health and nutrition policy is significantly limited by poor infrastructure, lack of material and a lack of qualified staff. 19. In late 2009, the Ministries of Health, Agriculture, and Social Welfare conducted an assessment mission to the drought-affected regions. The assessment resulted in a 5

6 multi-sectoral action plan to fight malnutrition-related disease and reduce infant and maternal mortality. The plan foresees treatment of acute malnutrition, strengthening of immunization, provision of Vitamin A and deworming to children, and training of health staff in the affected areas. Policies, capacities and actions of other major actors 20. In order to respond to the food security and nutrition crisis in Sahelian Chad, FAO, WFP, UNICEF and WHO have made a joint request to the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). A CERF allocation of US$3.8 million was confirmed, of which about US$2.1 million has been allocated to WFP as a contribution for this EMOP. 21. UNICEF provides technical and material support to the government therapeutic feeding centres and, in response to this crisis, will address the needs of 10,800 severely malnourished children through community-based (for those without complications) and facility-based (for those with complications) therapeutic feeding. 22. ACF was present in the Kanem up to 2002 and re-established an office in the region in ACF is providing training and support to the health centres. 23. FAO will provide assistance to crop and livestock production. A total of 4,556 vulnerable pastoralist households will receive animal feed during the livestock lean season from April to June A total of 615 mt of animal feed consisting of sorghum / wheat bran and cottonseed cake will be distributed to feed 45,560 small ruminants belonging to poor households. Coordination 24. The response of the United Nations Country Team (UNCT) will be coordinated by the Humanitarian Coordinator with the support of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Adequate coordination mechanisms have been established through the Cluster system. 25. WFP is the cluster lead for the Food Security Cluster, co-chaired by FAO. UNICEF leads the Nutrition Cluster with the participation of WFP, ACF, FAO and other actors. Regular coordination meetings are held at the regional level and in Ndjamena to review actions proposed by each actor. The Ministry of Health, through the centralised health delegations, will play a key role in project coordination. 26. WFP has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Ministries of Planning, Agriculture and Health regarding WFP operations in the affected regions. The MOU will be modified to include the EMOP. WFP will work closely with the local representatives of the ministries to put into place coordination mechanisms including monthly meetings to plan activities and monitor results. 6

7 27. The overall objectives of this EMOP are to improve food consumption and reduce malnutrition and to restore the livelihoods of people living in the Sahelian belt of Chad, whose food security and nutritional conditions have deteriorated as the result of poor harvest and droughts in These are in line with WFP Strategic Objective (SO) 1 ( save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies) and Strategic Objective 3 ( restore and rebuild lives and livelihoods in post-conflict, post-disaster or transition situations ). 28. The specific objectives of the EMOP are to: a. Save lives of drought-affected populations through general food distributions and blanket supplementary feeding to children aged 6-23 months and pregnant and lactating women (SO1); b. Reduce prevalence of acute malnutrition through the treatment of moderately malnourished children aged 6-59 months under a targeted supplementary feeding programme (SO1); and c. Support the recovery of drought-affected households through the creation/rehabilitation of social and productive assets (SO3). 29. Table 2 below illustrates the number of beneficiaries targeted by this EMOP: Table 2: Beneficiary numbers by activity and by gender Activity Male Female Total General food distribution (GFD) 290, , ,000 Blanket feeding for children 6-23 months 81,250 81, ,500 Blanket feeding for pregnant and lactating 0 225, ,000 women Targeted supplementary feeding for moderately 75,250 75, ,500 malnourished children 6-59 months Food for work (FFW) 52,800 57, ,000 TOTAL , , , The joint needs assessment conducted by the Government, FAO, FEWSNET and WFP in December 2009 estimated that some 750,000 people are affected in the west and central Sahelian regions (BEG, Kanem, Guera, Batha, Lac and Hadjer Lamis). WFP will reach 80 percent of the affected population (605,000) through general food distributions (GFD). The remaining 20 percent (145,000) will be supported by the Government. 12 The total number of beneficiaries has been adjusted to avoid double-counting of beneficiaries receiving rations through more than one activity. It is assumed that all the FFW beneficiaries would have previously benefited from GFD; Approximately 75 percent of the beneficiaries targeted under blanket feeding and supplementary feeding are estimated to be also recipients of GFD. 7

8 31. The joint needs assessment also identified 330,000 drought-affected persons in eastern Chad (Ouaddai, Wadi Fira and Sila), who will be assisted under the EMOP , currently supporting 255,000 Sudanese refugees, 188,000 internally displaced persons and 150,000 vulnerable people among the host communities. 32. Through this EMOP, WFP will ensure appropriate complementary feeding programmes for nutritionally at risk populations in addition to general food distribution and food for work (FFW). WFP plans to reach a total of 737,000 drought-affected people. 33. General food distributions (GFD) will target households that have been directly affected by crop, livestock and income loss. According to the CFSVA results, the livelihood groups that are most food-insecure are agro-pastoralists, pastoralists and casual labourers. Targeting criteria will be refined following the emergency food security assessment (EFSA) to be carried out in March. Based on information on food consumption, livelihoods, asset ownership and coping strategies, this survey will define the main characteristics of the most food-insecure households. The beneficiary selection and registration will then be done in close collaboration with local authorities, implementing partners and targeted communities. Female-headed households will be given special consideration. GFD will be implemented in May/June during the lean season, but may be extended based on the recommendations of future assessments. 34. Blanket feeding will be provided as a preventive measure to all children aged 6 to 23 months during the lean season and to all pregnant and lactating women from the second trimester of pregnancy until 6 months after delivery. This will prevent newborn babies from being or becoming malnourished. The number of targeted beneficiaries is based on demographic and nutrition data for the affected areas. 35. Targeted supplementary feeding will be provided to children aged 6 to 59 months suffering from moderate acute malnutrition. 13 All severely malnourished children discharged from therapeutic feeding centres will also benefit from this programme. Supplementary feeding beneficiaries will be identified by staff from the Ministry of Health and also through nutrition screening conducted by ACF. WFP currently supports 22 supplementary feeding centres (Centre de Nutrition Supplémentaire - CNS) in Kanem, 6 in BEG and 8 in Guera under the country programme (CP ). The number of CNS assisted will increase to 30 in the Kanem, 15 in BEG, and 20 in Guera. To avoid overlaps, the EMOP will only cover cantons/districts not currently covered by the CP. The EMOP will expand support to 15 new supplementary feeding centres in Batha, 20 in Hadjer Lamis and 20 in Lac. 36. Food-for-work (FFW) activities will be implemented from July to September during the lean season once the emergency needs have been addressed through general food distributions. WFP will support quick impact activities, including road repairs and rehabilitation of water ponds, in support of pastoral and food production activities. Participants will be able-bodied men and women from vulnerable households who have experienced crop and/or livestock losses. At least 50 percent of the participants will be women. They will be selected through a community-based approach in areas where complementary partners can provide sufficient technical and implementation 13 WFH below -2 standard deviation (SD) and above -3 SD. 8

9 capacity. Small animal herders (with limited stocks) and caretakers of animals will participate in the FFW scheme. Landless families that left their homes to become labourers in the ouadis 14 will also be targeted, as they are among the poorest communities. 37. WFP will collaborate with FAO, ACF, FEWSNET and the Government to conduct a rapid food security assessment before the lean season to determine any changes in the number of people in need of food assistance and to refine the targeting criteria at the household level. This will also serve as a baseline for monitoring. A nutrition survey is expected to take place within the next six months. 38. The food basket was designed to meet the food habits of the population living in north-western and central Chad. The main staples in Kanem, BEG, Guera, Batha, Lac and Hadjer Lamis are millet and sorghum. The GFD and FFW rations will be composed of cereals (sorghum/millet), pulses, fortified vegetable oil and salt, designed to meet the recommended daily caloric intake of about 2,100 kilo caloric (Kcal). Family rations will be distributed on a monthly basis. 39. The supplementary feeding ration will be a premix composed of corn-soya blend (CSB), sugar and fortified vegetable oil designed to provide about 1,000 Kcal per person per day. Distribution in the form of dry rations will be conducted every two weeks. 40. Blanket feeding will be provided to children aged 6-23 months and pregnant and lactating women through a monthly individual ration comprised of CSB, fortified vegetable oil and sugar. This ration will provide a daily nutritional value of 1,000 kcal for pregnant and lactating women and 800kcal for children aged 6-23 months. 14 Lowland and fertile areas in the desert usually developed for agricultural production. 9

10 TABLE 3: DAILY FOOD RATIONS BY ACTIVITY (g/person/day) Commodity GFD FFW Blanket feeding- PLW* Blanket feedingchildren 6-23 months Suppl feeding children 6-59 months Cereal Pulses Vegetable oil Salt 5 5 CSB Sugar Total Total kcal/day 2,060 2,060 1, ,057 % Kcal from protein % Kcal from fat *Pregnant and Lactating Women TABLE 4: TOTAL FOOD REQUIREMENTS BY ACTIVITY (mt) Commodity Type GFD FFW Blanket feeding Supplement ary feeding Total Cereal 16,335 4,455 20,790 Pulses 2, ,465 Fortified Vegetable oil , ,917 Salt CSB 14,910 2,709 17,619 Sugar 1, ,762 Total 20,147 5,495 17,892 3,250 46, Participation: The village committees responsible for relief and development activities are operational in all drought-affected regions, and women are active participants in these committees. WFP will ensure that women comprise at least 50 percent of the membership of these committees and hold at least 50 percent of the executive decision-making positions. Whenever possible, women will be registered as food entitlement holders. As such, they will either collect the family ration or designate someone to do so. Local authorities will be responsible for security during the monthly food distributions. 10

11 42. Partnerships: GFD will be conducted under the framework of CASAGC. WFP will work through the Ministry of Social Action and village committees to ensure that the most vulnerable households benefit from the GFD. Possible partnerships for food distributions are being discussed with several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) including International Relief and Development (IRD), Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), African Concern and Action of Churches Together (ACT). Targeted supplementary feeding will be implemented throughout the duration of the project through the CNS, managed and supervised by the regional health delegations. Blanket feeding for children 6-23 months and pregnant and lactating women will be implemented in partnership with UNICEF and ACF. FFW schemes will be planned and implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, PNSA, FAO, community-based organizations and NGO partners. 43. Complementary activities: WFP, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and ACF, will conduct sensitization campaigns on malnutrition and best feeding practices. The campaign will inform households and especially women about best nutritional practices and hygiene activities as well as referral to the health centres. 44. Procurement: With the drought affecting food production in Cameroon, Niger and Burkina Faso, opportunities for regional procurement will be limited. Therefore, food will be procured internationally and transported through the ports of Douala and Benghazi. Considering the long lead time for importing commodities (4 months), WFP will borrow food from its ongoing operations (EMOP, CP and protracted relief and recovery operation) to be able to start the supplementary and blanket feeding programmes as early as possible. 45. Logistical arrangements: Liner and charter shipments will be received in the ports of Douala and Benghazi. Eight percent of the food requirements will transit through the Douala corridor in Cameroon, which will supply Lac, Kanem, BEG, Hadjer Lamis, west of Batha and west of Guera. The remaining 20 percent will go through Benghazi corridor across Libya and via Abeche. This second corridor will supply east of Batha and east of Guera. Transhipments will take place in Ngaoundere and Ndjamena on the Douala corridors, Khufra and Abeche on the Libya corridor. Existing extended delivery points in Ndjamena, Mao and Mongo will also serve this EMOP. 46. The planned nutrition and food security assessments, as well as the strengthening of the existing nutrition and food security surveillance system, will contribute to setting up a baseline to monitor key food security indicators. 47. WFP will have the overall responsibility for monitoring activities. The country office will reinforce its monitoring capacity by recruiting additional food aid monitors and opening new sub-offices in Moussoro (BEG), Bol (Lac) and Ati (Batha). WFP staff will work closely with the Ministry of Health and ACF to monitor nutrition activities. ACF will provide technical support, monitor the nutritional and food security system, collect, analyze and disseminate data. FFW activities will be 11

12 monitored jointly with the Ministry of Agriculture and the Office National de Development Rural (ONDR) WFP, UNICEF, FAO, ACF and the Ministries of Health and Agriculture will conduct a joint real-time evaluation of the operation in October 2010 to measure progress made in achieving planned results, draw lessons for future interventions and plan for phasing out or continuation of the support provided under this EMOP. 49. The EMOP activities will be designed in consultation with NGO and government partners along a community-based approach. With the support of WFP, ACF will provide nutrition training to 120 government and volunteer community health workers in six regional health delegations (Kanem, BEG, Guera, Hadjer Lamis and Lac). The training will cover screening, monitoring and treatment of acute malnutrition among children under The EMOP is a short term intervention to improve food consumption, reduce malnutrition, and to restore the livelihoods of people in the Sahelian belt of Chad. A longer-term strategy will be formulated through the upcoming elaboration of a Country Strategy Document (2010), which will be informed by the current Country Portfolio Evaluation. Hazard and Risk assessment 51. Should the 2010 rainy season be below average and cause another year of crop failure, the food security situation will further deteriorate across the targeted areas. Alternatively, abundant, well-distributed rains could ease pressure on the resource base and improve food security earlier than expected. 52. One of the key logistics constraints is that all national or main access roads are officially closed to traffic during the rainy season from end-june until mid-october. For the WFP emergency operation to be successful, the food should be available without delays. Early and adequate funding is required to purchase and import food by May in order to allow for pre-positioning of adequate stocks at all extended delivery points. Preparedness Planning 15 The Office National de Development Rural is a decentralized structure of the Ministry of Agriculture. 12

13 53. Thorough monitoring and assessments will inform project management in a timely manner as to any potential changes in the situation. The Government, WFP and partners will also gather information through the WFP Food Security Monitoring System (FSMS) and the government National Early Warning System (SAP). 54. Kanem, BEG, Guera, Lac and Hadjer Lamis are classified as United Nations security phase III. These regions are relatively secure compared to eastern Chad. WFP will manage field operations mainly from two sub-offices, Mao and Mongo. Three field-offices will be set up in Moussoro, Bol and Ati to coordinate activities in BEG, Lac and Batha respectively. WFP operations and infrastructure are compliant with minimum operating security standards (MOSS). 55. This 10-month EMOP (March December 2010) at a total cost of US$65,439,726 (food cost of US$20,740,467) is recommended for approval. Full budget and details of direct support costs are found in Annexes I A and B. The Executive Director and Director-General of FAO are requested to approve the proposed emergency operation EMOP APPROVAL Josette Sheeran Executive Director WFP. Jacques Diouf Director-General FAO Date: Date: 13

14 ANNEX IA - WFP PROJECT COST BREAKDOWN COSTS A. Direct operational costs Quantity (mt) Average cost (US$) per mt Value (US$) Cereals 20, ,158,000 Pulses 3, ,801,800 Oils 2,917 1,054 3,073,060 Corn-soya blend (CSB) 17, ,351,162 Salt ,325 Sugar 1, ,339,120 Total commodities 46,784 20,740,467 External transport 6,763,534 Landside transport 16,507,734 ITSH 6,556,850 Total LTSH 23,064,584 Other direct operational costs 3,216,046 Total direct operational costs 53,784,631 B. Direct support costs (see Annex IB table below for details) 7,373,991 C. Indirect support costs (7 percent of total direct costs) 4,281,104 TOTAL WFP COSTS 65,439,726 14

15 ANNEX IB DIRECT SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS (US$) Staff and Staff Related Costs International Professional Staff 880,605 International GS Staff - Local Staff - National Officers 116,921 Local Staff - General Service 629,572 Local Staff - Temporary assistance - Local Staff Overtime 52,800 Hazard Pay & Hardship Allowance 537,733 International Consultants 286,000 Local Consultants - Non Staff HR: United Nations Volunteer (UNV) 206,250 Staff duty travel 692,860 Subtotal 3,402,741 Rental of Facility 154,000 Utilities General 330,000 Office Supplies and Other Consumables 141,900 Communications and IT Services 272,000 Equipment Repair and Maintenance 156,000 Vehicle Running Cost and Maintenance 540,000 Office Set-up and Repairs 1,085,000 Commercial Consultancy Services United Nations (UN) Organization Services Subtotal 2,678,900 Equipment and Capital Costs Vehicle leasing 153,000 TC/IT Equipment 596,950 Local Security Costs 542,400 Subtotal 1,292,350 TOTAL DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS 7,373,991 15

16 ANNEX II Log Frame Summary SO 1: Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies : Outcome Outcome indicators Risks and Assumptions 1.1 Reduced level of acute malnutrition among children under 5 in the Sahelian belt of Chad. Prevalence of acute malnutrition among children under 5 in the regions of Kanem, BEG, Guera, Batha, Lac, and Hadjer Lamis (measured using weight for height) target: (reduced from above 20% to below 15% by the end of 2010) Recovery rate among beneficiaries of Supplementary Feeding programmes (target: above 70%) Defaulter rate among Supplementary Feeding programme beneficiaries (target: below 15%) Mortality rate among beneficiaries of Supplementary Feeding programmes (target: above 70%) Non-response rate among Supplementary Feeding programme beneficiaries (target: below 15%) Average Length of stay in Supplementary Feeding Centres (SFC) programme (less than 90 days) Government, other United Nations agencies and partner organizations respect their commitments and achieve planned results The political environment in Chad is stable and access to rural areas as well as the security conditions improved The decentralised services of the MoH are involved in the monitoring and evaluation of Nutrition Programmes. 16

17 Output Output indicators Risks and Assumptions GFD and blanket feeding rations are timely distributed in sufficient quantity and quality to drought-affected households in targeted regions Food is timely provided in sufficient quantity and quality to beneficiaries of SFC Actual number of beneficiaries receiving WFP food assistance expressed as a percentage of planned beneficiaries (by activity category, by age groups, and by gender) Actual quantity of food distributed through each activity as a percentage of planned tonnage (by commodity types) Number of malnourished children assisted through SFC as a percentage of planned number of beneficiaries (by sex and by age group) Actual quantity of food distributed through SFC as a percentage of planned tonnage by type of commodity Number of SFCs jointly supported by WFP and UNICEF as a percentage of planned number of centres per region. Percentage of food deliveries to SFCs done on time (i.e. not later than 7 days from the planned date of deliveries) target: > 90% Other basic needs such as health, protection, etc. are provided by the Government of Chad, other UN agencies and NGOs. Unexpected outbreaks of diarrheal or other contagious diseases do not occur. Timely contribution of funds and commodities is secured. SO 3: Restore and rebuild lives and livelihoods in post-conflict, post disaster or transition situations : 17

18 Outcome 3.1 Improved food consumption over assistance period of targeted households in most food insecure regions of Chad. Output Food is distributed in sufficient quantity and quality to beneficiaries of FFW Programmes in targeted regions Increased participation and empowerment of women at community level in decision making bodies. Outcome Indicators Percentage of households with acceptable food consumption score Percentage of beneficiaries with increased access to productive and social services (Ouadis, schools, markets, hospitals etc.) due to food-supported Ouadis reclamations and road construction/rehabilitation Output Indicators Number of participants receiving WFP food assistance through FFW activities as a percentage of planned number of participants by age groups and by sex. Quantity of food distributed through FFW as a percentage of planned distributions by commodity types. Kilometres of rural roads built or rehabilitated Area (ha) developed, protected and/or rehabilitated Number of trees planted for reforestation Percentage of women occupying leadership positions in Food Distribution Committees (50%) The decentralised services of the Ministry of Agriculture are involved in the monitoring and evaluation of FFW projects. The political environment in Chad is stable and access to rural areas as well as the security conditions improved Availability of qualified partners to operate in project implementation areas. Timely contribution of funds and commodities is secured. 18

19 ANNEX III - MAP 19

20 ANNEX IV - List of acronyms ACF Action Contre la Faim ACT Action of Churches Together ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency BEG Barl-El-Gazel CASAGC Comité d Action pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et la Gestion des Crises CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CFSAM Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission CFSVA Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis CILSS Comité Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel CNS Centre de Nutrition Supplémentaire Supplementary Feeding Centre CP Country Programme CSB Corn-soya blend EMOP Emergency Operation FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FEWSNET Famine Early Warning System Network USAID FFW Food for Work GAM Global Acute Malnutrition GFD General Food Distribution IRD International Relief and Development ITSH Internal Transport, Storage and Handling Kcal Kilocalories LTSH Land Transport, Storage and Handling MDG Millennium Development Goal MoH Ministry of Health MOSS Minimum Operating Security Standard MOU Memorandum of Understanding MT Metric Ton MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference NGO Non-governmental organization OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ONASA Office National de la Sécurité Alimentaire ONDR Office National de Development Rural PNSA Programme National de la Sécurité Alimentaire SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition SAP Early Warning System - Système d Alerte Précoce SD Standard Deviation SFC Supplementary Feeding Centres SO Strategic Objective TC/IT Telecommunication/Information Technology UN United Nations UNCT United Nations Country Team UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children Funds UNV United Nations Volunteer WFH Weight for Height WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization 20