Meloidogyne ) Trichoderma harzianum BI (javanica

Transcription

1 ( ) Meloidogyne ) Trichoderma harzianum BI (javanica 3 (90/12/15 : 2 *1 3 90/3/17 : ) T. harzianum BI.. T. harzianum BI %65 %92 % / /5 T. harzianum BI.. : fnaserinasab63@gmail.com : : *

2 Pseudomonas flourescens Trichoderma harzianum.(1386 ). Ruuhola& Yang, ).( (Multifunction). Grayer and ) T..(Harborne 1994, Harborn 1999 harzianum BI. - Single egg mass. Y.(Jepson, 1987) Meloidogyne. (Trudgill and.blok, 2001; Manzanilla-Lopez et al. 2004).(Whitehead, 1997)...(1379 ) Trichoderma Harman ).(et al., 2004 Trichoderma harzianum.(sharon et al., 2001) 2003 G. pallida Globodera rostochiensis (Nandi 2001.et al., 2003) (Heterodera trifolli ).(Kampster et al., 2001) 1386 Meloidogyne javanica

3 : T. harzianum BI 0/5 (2:1:1). ( ) M. javanica ) ( ) :( 10 6 ) (1 20 (.(Tsd N) 10 6 ) (2 ( 5.(TrdN) 5 (3 25.(SAsdN) 5 (4.(SAspN) 10 6 ) 20 (5 25 ( 5.(Tsd SAsd N) 1. Soil drench(sd) 2. Root dip(rd). M. javanica.(hussy & Barker 1973) T. harzianum BI 4 PDA..(1386 ). PDA (Batta, 1999) ( Merck ) 5 Katoch et al., ).(2005 T. harzianum BI PDA. T. 0/5. harzianum BI (Etebarian et al., 2005)

4 (2.(SAspN) 10 6 ) 20 (3 5 (.(Tsd SAsp N).. (4 ( A B (Fluka, Germany) /5 Seevers ) 10.(et al.,1971 0/5 0/ λ max = 725 nm ) 20 (6 5 (.(Tsd SAsp N) ) (7 25 ( 5.(Trd SAsd N) 10 6 ) (8 5 (.(TrdSAsp N) ( ) ( ) 3 (. : ) ( : 10 6 ) (1 20 (.(Tsd N)

5 :. 510 nm. Rutin (Sigma).(Zishen et al., 1999) SAS. (p 0.05) T. harzianum BI.(1 ) T. harzianum BI. 0/5.(Seevers et al.,1971) g (Seevers et al., 1971).(Siddhuraju & Becker, 2003) 4.T. harzianum BI -1. (%5 ) in-vitro T.harzianum BI. Tsd. Tsd SAsd N SAsp N T. hazrzianum BI.. (Daayf et al., 2003)

6 (2 ). T. harzianum BI -2 ( ) :Control. 6. (%5 ).Spray : sp Root dip :rd Soil dreanch :sd M. javanica :N T. harzianum BI :T (5 mm) :SA Tsd SAsp N SAsd N.(3 ) Tsd.. T. harzianum BI -3 ( ) :Control. 6. (%5 ).Spray : sp Root dip :rd Soil dreanch :sd M. javanica :N T. harzianum BI :T (5 mm) :SA Trd SAsp N Tsd SAsd N Tsd SAsp N Trd N.(4 ).

7 :. T. harzianum BI (%5 ) Root :rd Soil dreanch :sd M. javanica :N T. harzianum BI :T (5 mm) :SA ( ).Spray : sp dip :Control ) B.sd F.sd ( Siddiqui & Shaukat, ).( (5 )... Pseudomonas fluorescens T.harzianum BI M.javanica..(1386 ) T. Pseudomonas fluorescens harzianum

8 (M) M. (T) T. harzianum BI SA -5 ا.javanica. (±SE) ).(1387 M. javanica.... T. harzianum BI..(Goodman et al., 1986). ).(1388..(Mayr et al., 1994) (1385) King stone Trichoderma harzianum BI

9 :......(6 ) (M) (T) T. harzianum BI SA -6. (±SE).M. javanica...(yamamoto et al. 2000) Milsana Fofana et al, 2002; ).(Mcnally et al (Tsd SAsp N) (Tsd N)... Tsd N SAsp N

10 T. harzianum BI (M. javanica) REFERENCES 1. Ahoon manesh, A. (2000). Principles of combating plant diseases. Esfahan University of Technology Press. 342pp.(In Farsi). 2. Batta, Y. A. (2004). Effect of treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Rifia formulated in invert emulsion on postharvest decay of blue A4ld. Journal of Food Microbiology, 96, Daayf, F., Adam, L. & Fernando, W. G. D. (2003). Comparative screening of bacteria for biological control of potato late blight (strain US-8), using in vitro, detached-leaves, and whole-plant testing systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 25, Etebarian, H. R., Sholberg, P. L., Eastwell, K. C., and Sayler, R. (2005). Biological control of apple blue mold with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 51, Fofana, B., McNally, D. J., Labb e, C., Boulanger, R., Benhamou, N., S eguin, A., B elanger, R. R. (2002). Milsana-induced resistance in powdery mildew-infected cucumber plants correlates with the induction of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 61, Gholamnejad, J., Etebarian, H. R., Sheikh Beig, M. A., Nemati, A., Naseri, F. (2009). Biological control of apples blue mold by two isolates of Saccharomyces cervisiae in order to reduce the environmental pollution. Journal of Medicine Science, 3, (In Farsi). 7. Goodman, R. N., Kiraly Z., and Wood K. P Biochemical and physiological aspects of plant disease. University of Missouri Press. 433 pp. 8. Grayer, R. J., Harborne, J. B. (1994). A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, Journal of Phytochemistry, 37, Harborne, J. B. (1999). Plant polyphenols and their role in plant defence mechanisms. In: Brouillard, R. M. Scalbert A. (Eds), Polyphenols, Vol. 94( pp 19 26) INRA Editions.

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