Why are school meals programs so popular?

Transcription

1 Why are school meals programs so popular? Donald Bundy DesMoines, Iowa; October 2016

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3 1993 World Development Report Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, Second Edition 2006 (DCP2) Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition (DCP3) 3

4 Child and Adolescent Development Volume will encompass: Geographic patterns of risk and morbidity Long-term consequences of chronic illness and malnutrition on physical and cognitive development Effect of interventions and outcomes as well as return on investment at different stages along the life cycle

5 Thank you

6 School Feeding: A Critical Social Safety Net A Win-Win All Around Lesley Drake Partnership for Child Development Des Moines, Iowa, October 2016

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9 5 global standards of good practice Design and Implementation Policy and Legal Frameworks Institutional Arrangements Funding and Budgeting Community Participation

10 DCP3: an evidencebased analysis of the impacts of school feeding on education, health, nutrition, agriculture and food security

11 Recognizing the benefits of SHN/SF Working together with governments to mainstream costed evidence-based design plans into ESPs

12 Action moving forward

13 Nigeria

14 O Meals more than just lunch Key facts Number of children enrolled in primary school (elementary class 1-4): 252,793 Programme coverage: 100% Days school meals are provided: 200 (100%) Cost per day of O Meals: N12.6 Million ($77,381) Cost per child per day: N50 ($0.31) Annual total expenditure on O Meals: N2.6 Billion ($159,558,149)

15 Supporting livelihood generation and economic development Livelihood generation/youth empowerment Fisheries scheme: 2,000 out-growers supported in mass fish production 5 metric tons sold to O Meals 15,000 USD profit generated by the scheme in first 3 months Poultry industry scheme O Meals demand per week: 15,000 chickens and 252,000 eggs 2,000 smallholder farmers contracted 11,29,770 USD profit generated by the scheme since December 2011 Cocoyam Project 1000 cocoyam farmers trained and inputs provides Output market support provided by O Meals Integrated with O-YES (Osun Youth Empowerment Scheme)- Over 300 youth provided training and loans (623,000 USD) to act as intermediaries between farmers and vendors Women empowerment Hired 3,000 previously unemployed women as food vendors

16 Scaling up of Nigeria School Feeding National HGSF strategy plan launched by Vice-President in June HGSF part of a 500 billion naira Social Investment Programme. Potential to feed 24 million school children or 1 in 4 school-aged children in SSA. 18 States identified for initial roll out of HGSF.

17 Ethiopia

18 Enhance School Health Initiative - Ethiopia Integrating HGSF, Deworming and WASH interventions in 30 schools in SNNPR. Potential cost savings of integrating services. Costing analysis showed efficiency savings of $61,760 across study schools.

19 Ghana

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21 Maize porridge, 500 g. 31% 48% 0% Energy 2000kcal Protein 28g Vitamin A 700mcg 0% 0% 16% 20% Vitamin C 45mg Iron 37mg Zinc 15mg Iodine 120mcg

22 41% United States % 61% Maize, iodize salt, CL, chicken egg 98% 74% 33% 31% 48% 0% Energy 2000kcal 103% Protein 28g ++ Vitamin A 700mcg 73% 51% 100% 0% 0% 24% 23% 16% 20% Vitamin C 45mg Iron 10 mg Zinc 10 mg Iodine 120mcg

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24 Evidence from Ghana Initial findings show the impact of Home Grown School Feeding on: Education Enrolment levels in kindergarten increased by 12% Absenteeism reduced by 7% Health and Nutrition 14% of girls of in HGSF schools improved literacy scores. 33% of households increased their value of agricultural sales in HGSF districts

25 Kenya

26 Structured Demand Learning suggests greatest impact occurs in areas of lowest demand caused by weak market linkages Transparency in price and payment is key for smallholder trust. Timely access to price, quality and quantity information enhances operational efficiencies of aggregators and market systems. Technology as a Solution School TRADER SMF FBO Adaptation of quantity and quality requirements and the effective communication on them can ease SHF transition to supplying structured markets. The Mobile Phone Platform allowing easier aggregation and management of commodities despite the short period of aggregation

27 Summary Homegrown school feeding is a win-win all around for education, health, nutrition and agriculture. It is also an investment in rural economies. It is a stable market that will contribute to the improvements on smallholder farmer livelihoods and national food security.

28 Find out more PartnershipforChildDevelopment

29 Thank you

30 School Feeding: A Critical Safety Net The growing importance of school feeding as a critical safety net and tool for social inclusion Arlene Mitchell Global Child Nutrition Foundation International Food Assistance and Food Security Conference Des Moines, Iowa October 11, 2016

31 Poverty is pronounced deprivation in wellbeing. The measure is whether people Have enough resources to meet their needs. Are able to obtain specific goods (food, shelter, health care, education) Are capable to function in society have adequate income, education, health, security, selfconfidence, a sense of power, and ability to exercise their rights --The World Bank; the Overseas Development Institute

32 What is social exclusion? Poverty alone is not a comprehensive marker of deprivation. Race, ethnicity, gender, religion, place of residence, disability status, age, HIVAIDS status, sexual orientation or other stigmatized markers, confer disadvantage that excludes people from a range of processes and opportunities. --The World Bank

33 What is social protection? Social Protection is concerned with preventing, managing, and overcoming situations that adversely affect people s well being. -- UN Research Institute for Social Development

34 Categories of situations leading to/worsening poverty and social exclusion are: economic, environmental, and/or political Their impact may be at one or more levels: Global Multi-national National Sub-national Community Household Individual -- Overseas Development Institute

35 Safety net programs Address risks, vulnerability and social exclusion Help households protect against livelihoods risks, maintain adequate food consumption and improve food security Prevent adoption of damaging coping strategies and depletion of household assets -- Devereux et al. 2008

36 In agriculture context, safety net programs might also Alleviate liquidity constraints for smallholders Boost demands for farm products Foster income-generating strategies Create multiplier effects throughout the local economy -- Devereux et al. 2008

37 Social inclusion Is the process of improving the terms for individuals and groups to take part in society. Aims to empower poor and marginalized people to take advantage of burgeoning global opportunities. -- The World Bank

38 Social inclusion Ensures that people have a voice in decisions which affect their lives and that they enjoy equal access to markets, services and political, social and physical spaces. --The World Bank

39 Question for today How does school feeding measure up when viewed against the hallmarks of strong social protection programs?

40 Do (or could) school feeding programs Target the most vulnerable? Aid access to education and/or health services and programs? Prevent or mitigate long-term problems? Increase demand for farmers products? Empower women? Build capacity?

41 Do (or could) school feeding programs Transfer resources to the needy? Integrate important interventions? Provide a safe environment? Create jobs & profits? Result in intergenerational benefits? Improve food security? Build resilience?

42 Are school feeding programs Socially inclusive? Scalable? Efficient? Flexible? Transferable? Popular?

43 references Poverty: and Social inclusion and exclusion: Social Protection: social.un.org/coopsyear/documents/kuriaenablingsocialprotectionaddisaba ba.pdf panelists

44 Thank you. And now, over to our distinguished panelists.

45 WFP s global approach for WFP s global approach for the development of national school meals programmes the development of national school meals programmes October 2016, Des Moines

46 WFP School Meals in 2015 In 2015, WFP provided school meals to 17.4 million children in 62 countries and technical assistance to governments in another 10 countries

47 Gender Balance United States Key Facts on WFP School Meals 2015 Children fed in 2015: 17.4 million in 62 countries Technical Key Facts on WFP assistance School Meals to government programmes indirectly supporting an additional 10 million children Receiving take-home rations and cash transfers: 2.1 million children Assisted in emergency and recovery contexts: 6.4 million children 50% 50% 62,668 schools received WFP assistance US$321 million spent on school meals programmes Top three Donors: USA US$85 million, Canada US$37 million, Private sector US$30 million

48 The Variety of WFP School Meals School Meals Children fed breakfast and/or lunch in school Prepared at the school, in the community or delivered from centralized kitchens High Energy Biscuits & Snacks Provided to children in school Often fortified with vitamins and micronutrients children need to grow, both physically and mentally Take-home Rations / Conditional Cash Transfers for Education Usually consists of rice or micronutrient-fortified oil Motivates parents to send children to school, especially girls

49 Knowledge and Policy Products on School Meals and Home Grown School Meals World Bank, WFP WFP WFP/PCD/WB PCD/WB/WFP

50 School meals benefit children, families and the community Increases concentration, learning & cognitive capacity Nutrition Education Improves enrolment, attendance and retention rates by drawing students to the classroom Provides household income parents can invest money for food on other necessities Safety Nets Local Gender Equality Girls more likely to have healthier children and head food-secure families Provides fresher foods to schoolchildren and a predictable market for farmers to sell their goods

51 School Meals for Education Outcomes Member of Refugees Olympic Team Received School Meals Anjelina, a South-Sudanese refugee, received WFP school meals in the Kakuma camp in Kenya. She competed in Rio2016 with the Refugee Team. Food in school encourages kids at home to go to school. We (team refugee) have come far. We represent hope and peace. She claims that without WFP school meals, she would never have made it to Rio Read the story on medium.com/@wfp

52 School Meals for Education Outcomes On World Literacy Day, A Recipe For Smarter, Healthier Children By E. Cousin and A. Mitchell Shouldn t every child have a chance to be top of the class? When adequate education programs are combined with school meals, children move up respectively 7 and 12 percentiles on intelligence and math tests. Add a daily dose of nutritious and good food to an adequate education. The results are a winning combination: healthier, better educated and empowered children. Read the Op-Ed on forbes.com

53 Maximizing the impacts of school meal programmes for Education I strongly believe that an integrated and well-structured school meals programme provides solid foundations for a comprehensive education strategy( )And I want to make clear that WFP is ready to engage in strategic relationships with all the different players needed to deliver a quality education Ertharin Cousin, WFP Executive Director, GCNF (September 2016).

54 Main outputs of the Investment Case United States The Cost-Benefit Analysis tool 1 Assess monetary cost and economic benefits of the recognized outcomes of school meals supported by the WFP or government. 2 Calculate school meals Cost/Benefit ratio Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio: how many dollars are generated from investing 1$ in school meals? Objective: Measure the benefits generated per 1$ invested in School Meals over the life of the beneficiary (child). $ 5.5 Average benefit for each $ 1 invested In a sample of 14 countries providing school meals, it showed that for every USD 1 invested brought a USD 3 to USD 9 economic return The CBA tool was developed jointly by WFP and The Boston Consulting Group, as an economic model supported by academic literature, country-specific indicators and information collected from WFP experts. In several countries, the CBA was carried out through a partnership with MasterCard, thanks to which volunteers from MasterCard were able to spend one month in WFP s Country Office on the field, running the economic model and supporting the government.

55 The Cost-Benefit Analysis tool When children get school meals they spend more time at school in other words, they get a better education. A better education leads to a better job Wage increase both of which resulting in more value created throughout lifetime. and they are more concentrated when in class and to a better health, enabling them to work longer Country s lowest quintile base wage Source: BCG

56 School feeding is a crucial safety net in emergencies Keeps children in school Promotes protection Instills a sense of hope In the past 5 years, 38 countries have scaled up school feeding in response to a food crisis, armed conflict, natural disaster or financial crisis.

57 WFP s Dual Role in School Meals Directly Distributing School Meals to Children Technically Assisting Governments to Develop National Programmes WFP is increasing its focus on its technical assistance role, ensuring governments have the political and financial means to implement quality programmes.

58 Assessment Based National Dialogue for School Feeding SABER SF and context analysis Study Visits WFP CoE Brazil and KM platforms Supply chain M/E System Coordination & synergies Cost efficiency & effectiveness Nutrient gap Political commitment Wide diagnostic Country Assessment Plan In depth-assessments Adequate and coordinated school feeding system embedded in social protection Evidence-based implementation framework

59 Supporting rural economies through home-grown school meals Provides locally-produced and bought food to school-age children Builds direct links between school demands for fresh, local products and supplies from local and national smallholder farmers WFP works with farmers to increase capacity, and with governments to launch national procurement programs Bolivia: farmerrun dairy plant in the highlands provides yogurt to schools Ghana: WFP buys maize, rice and cowpeas from farmers Countries with Home-Grown School Meals Programmes (37 in total)

60 Maximizing impacts of school meals programmes for Ag and Nutrition

61 Resource Framework on Home Grown School Meals Partners: World Food Programme WFP Centre of Excellence Food and Organization Global Child Nutrition Foundation Partnership for Child Development New Partnership for Africa s Development Objectives of the Resource Framework: Clarify the key concepts, scope and goals of HGSM programmes; Harmonize existing guidance materials; Provide joint technical reference to governments to design, implement and scale up effective, efficient, and sustainable HGSM programmes

62 WFP/USDA in Lao (since 2014) NATIONAL SCHOOL FEEDING SYSTEM AND CAPACITIES Technical Assistance and Knowledge Management Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement Communities and smallholder farmers* McGovern-Dole 300,000 beneficiaries per school year LOCAL PROCUREMENT WFP SCHOOL FEEDING OPERATIONS *building capacities of SHF and boosting agricultural diversity

63 School meals and the SDGs

64 Thanks for your attention

65 An overview of benefits and costs considered in this analysis Benefits Value Transfer Direct transfer of resources to beneficiaries' households Return on Investment Return on Assets created or protected from financial distress Increased Productivity Increase wage due to better education / health Healthier and longer life Increased productive life due to better health / education Externalities Additional benefits not related to program beneficiaries (e.g. lower costs for government or community benefits) Costs Commodities Value of commodities distributed to the beneficiaries Logistics, storage and utilities All costs incurred to handle and deliver the food to the schools Management and administration The cost of monitoring & evaluation, field missions, quality checks Staff The cost of all staff (full-time or part-time) working for the programme Community costs Contributions generated by parents associations

66 SPF1 SPF2 SPF3 SPF4 United States Reinforcing sustainability and cost efficiency of national programmes Piloting and expanding ABND-SF for a better integration of SF into social protection scheme School Meals Safety Nets Social protection Access to essential health care, including maternity care Basic income security for children (incl. education, nutrition ) Basic income security for persons in active age Basic income security for older persons FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD TO ACTIVE POPULATION

67 Towards sustainable national school meals programme Assessm ent Based National Dialogue School Feeding Evidencebased implementa tion framework and Country technical assistance plan Scaling Up Adequate and coordinated school feeding system embedded in social protection Integrated and robust operational capacities Sustainable financial resources with recognized positive returns on investment

68 Exploring new opportunities Research, new and renewed partnerships, regional networks - Main scope of research: - Education in emergencies (Global) - Nutrition sensitive school meal programmes (LAC/Global) - Integration of School meals/social protection (Global) - Home Grown School Meals (Global) - Regional consultations: - African Union (HGSM) - MENA Region (growth inclusive and social cohesion) with the Arab League, World Bank, ILO, UNICEF, UNESCO - Central Asia (August 2016) and South East Asia (2017)

69 Maximizing impacts of school meal programmes with local Links with agriculture