A Global Perspective on the Renewed Interest in Public Health Pesticides

Transcription

1 A Global Perspective on the Renewed Interest in Public Health Pesticides CAPT Stanton E. Cope, PhD Director, Armed Forces Pest Management Board Director, Mid-Atlantic Region, AMCA Virginia Mosquito Control Association February 2010

2 Some of the Players Public Health Pesticide Consortium Environmental Protection Agency Innovative Vector Control Consortium Deployed Warfighter Protection Program Inter-Regional Project 4 (IR-4)

3 Public Health Pesticide Consortium Mission: Ensure the availability of effective public health pesticides. The PHPC provides a forum for federal agency stakeholders to discuss topics related to maintaining and expanding the inventory of effective PHPs and to develop responses and action plans needed to accomplish the PHPC mission. PHPC Nov 8, 2007

4 Federal Agencies Represented Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Defense Environmental Protection Agency National Institute of Health U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Fish and Wildlife Housing and Urban Development Monthly Conference Calls PHPC Nov 8, 2007

5 PHPC Priority Issues: Investigate mechanisms to create incentives for development of public health pesticides Promote development of a PHPC program paralleling the USDA IR 4 program. Develop a document that identifies specific public health pesticide needs and recommends actions to reduce impediments and promote solutions. PHPC Nov 8, 2007

6 EPA s Mission: EPA s Role in International Public Health Pesticides To protect human health and the environment Public health pesticides are critical to EPA s mission U.S. is facing lack of tools for public health EPA is looking internationally to increase accessibility of public health pesticides both here and abroad 6

7 EPA s Role in International Public Health Pesticides EPA has been instrumental in organizing two workshops to promote international harmonization and joint review Workshops were intended to: Initiate dialogue with and among all stakeholders and between regulatory authorities Determine how the agricultural model might be adapted for use in the public health arena Evaluate how a global registration process might fit into the existing international framework, e.g., the WHOPES process Determine whether there are other incentives that might contribute to development of new public health pesticides 7

8

9 EPA s Role in International Public Health Pesticides Joint review and harmonization would be best accomplished through a test case Next steps: Identify a pesticide product to serve as a test case Determine which countries could benefit from product and have interest in participating Involve countries in global review process as participants, peer reviewers, observers Evaluate the outcome and modify the process, as appropriate 9

10 EPA s Role in International Public Health Pesticides EPA believes joint registration reviews and harmonization of requirements is a win-win-win Greater availability of tools to public health user community Fewer resources required for regulating agencies Easier and more profitable for industry Parallels exist between regulatory issues for public health and those faced by agricultural pesticides (especially minor uses) 15 years ago Very successful harmonization & global joint review processes have been established for agricultural chemicals 10

11 IVCC Background and Mission Funded by a US$ 50million award from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Consortium Members 1. Colorado State University 2. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 3. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 4. Medical Research Council, South Africa 5. University of California Davis Five year Phase 1 programme started Nov 2005 "To improve health by enabling partnerships for the accelerated development and delivery of new products and tools that increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the control of insects which transmit disease."

12 The Role of the IVCC What do we need to do? Mission Statement To improve health by enabling partnerships for the accelerated development and delivery of new products and tools that increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the control of insects which transmit disease Corporate Objectives 1. To establish a portfolio of new pesticide active ingredient and formulation products, which when brought into use in the PHP marketplace are sufficient to enable rational and effective product stewardship programmes and reduce by 25% the cost of application of IRS programmes. 2. To develop a set of malaria and dengue control information systems, analytical tools and strategies that will enable, in conjunction with the new public health products effective disease control and resistance management programmes. 3. Contribute to, and influence, the global debate on innovative vector control strategies and best practice. 4. Develop an organisation that is capable of delivering the ongoing Mission Statement of the IVCC, with an evidence based roadmap of future needs and a strategy for their resolution.

13 The Ideal IVCC Portfolio 3 New AI s without shared target sites or metabolic detoxification pathways Cost $M by 2020 Formulation and Repurposing : For Resistance Management and Residuality 3 x Repurposed AI s in LLIRS 1 2 x Agricultural AI s Repurposed in LLIN Cost $M 9 12 by New Actives Novel Sustainable Public Health Products: Information systems & Tools For Vector Control Strategy & Best Practice: Casa Segura Project Under way Options for This sub portfolio under discussion. New Paradigms in Public Health Vector Control Malaria/Dengue Decision Support Systems best practice disseminated. 5 Kits Cost $57 M by 2020

14 IVCC Projects : The Critical Path for PHP Product Development Proposals IVCC Contributions Repurposing Large Scale Tender Market Analysis Individual Consumer Phase I Evaluations Efficacy/Safety Resist./Toxicolog y WHOPES Phase II Phase III Small Scale Field Trails Large Scale Field Trials Phase IV Specifications, final formulations, data analysis Large Scale Tender Markets Individual Consumer 2 5 Years Market Entry Years Discovery Large Scale Tender Market Analysis Individual Consumer New Targets / Discovery / Proof of Concept / Safety / Efficacy WHOPES Large Scale Tender Markets Individual Consumer

15

16 Deployed War Fighter Protection Program Development of New Pesticides and Application Methods to Protect Military Personnel From Biting Arthropods Administered by Armed Forces Pest Management Board Funding: $5M/year ($4.85M) recurrent (PE /Project: 830) up to $3M/year to USDA Agricultural Research Service about $1.6M/year for other competitive proposals Grants up to $250,000/yr for up to 3 years Areas of Emphasis Novel insecticide chemistries/formulations Personal Protective Systems Application Technology Anticipate DWFP products for wider uses POC: Lt Col Douglas Burkett douglas.burkett@osd.mil DWFP Consultant Dr. Graham White GBWhite@ufl.edu Sand fly Phlebotomus Lesions of dermal leishmaniasis

17 DWFP competitive grants FY04-FY09 : 38 Awards

18 DWFP Accomplishments New classes of pesticides Moleculars, Sterol Inhibitors, Chromene and Piperidine toxicants, Carboxamide validations Three compounds found better than DEET Ligustilide, diol terpenoids, natural product Scientific specs of spray equipment State of the art insectary facilities

19 DWFP Accomplishments Leveraging of $$ through USDA labs Increased interaction with other agencies Improved relationships/progress with industry Multiple symposia at national meetings Military entomologist at CMAVE, CDC Educational opportunities-military entomologists Thermal fog superior to ULV in desert Refinement of cage bioassays Improved Barrier Spray / Application Techniques New volatile pyrethroids - tox testing 6-pack Improved filth fly control (trapping/lures)

20 DWFP Accomplishment Barrier Systems and Repellents Optimization of residual sprays on vegetation barriers Permethrin clothing treatment progress Treated velcro cuff protects sleeve and skin Improving residual insecticide treatment on tents Camouflage material better - 8 months Infected mosquitoes less sensitive to repellents Discovery of first stereospecific EAG receptor Spatial inhibitors against sand flies & mosquitoes Improved filth fly control (trapping/lures)

21 DWFP Accomplishment (See AFPMP DWFP Website) New products in National Stock System Sprayers, Pesticides, Fly Traps and Lures ~ 160 publications in 6 years Numerous new application techniques Multiple patents/applications (11); Invention disclosures (2) GenBank accessions (3+) IR4 agreement to expedite PH pesticides

22 The IR 4 Project Jerry Baron, IR 4 Executive Director Keith Dorschner, IR 4 Entomology Manager Karl Malamud Roam, IR 4 PHP Manager

23 The IR 4 Project A publicly funded program for more than 45 years. Pesticide registration specialists for low acreage specialty crops. Collects residue data and prepares and submits petitions to U.S. Environmental Agency (EPA) for tolerances (i.e. MRLs) and registrations.

24 Current IR 4 Project Activities Food Crop Registration Program Crop Grouping Enhancements Ornamental Horticulture Program Biopesticide and Organic Support Program International Harmonization of Crop Grouping, MRL s and Registrations Public Health Pesticides

25 Why IR 4? Why now? Public health pesticides (PHPs) Small market High costs to innovate

26 Public Health Pesticides Program Goal: To facilitate the development and registration of public health pesticides.

27 Why a New PHP Program? Too many vectors and vector borne diseases. Not enough tools. Vs.

28 New Products Phase I Etofenprox all crops label Volatile Repellents SBIR grantee Biopesticide registration of botanicals Pyriproxifen vs Asian Tiger Mosquito EUP? Lethal Ovitrap & Novaluron Data

29