BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND

Transcription

1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND

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4 Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) 101 Old Ban Bhaban 5th Floor Mohakhali Dhaka, Bangladesh, Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of People s Republic of Bangladesh Building no. 6, Bangladesh Secretariat Dhaka, Bangladesh All BCCRF Annual Report publications are downloadable at: Standard Disclaimer: This report has been discussed with the Government of Bangladesh and the BCCRF development partners but does not bear their approval for all its contents, especially where the Bank has stated its judgment/opinion/ recommendations. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are based on staff analysis and recommendations and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. Design: Miki Fernández/ULTRAdesigns, Inc., Washington, DC

5 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND (BCCRF) Annual Report 2013 (January December 2013) Prepared by The World Bank

6 CONTENTS FOREWORD vii ACRONYMS viii 1. OVERVIEW 3 2. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT Overview of Program Management Capacity Building Results Framework Communications BCCRF Mid-Term Review Coordination with Other Programs Staffing Financial Reporting THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO Investment Projects Review of Project Proposals Sites of Projects under Implementation and Preparation Details of Projects Approved by the MC for Preparation 22 (1) Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project) 22 (2) Secretariat for BCCRF (Capacity Building Project Phase I) 23 (3) Community Climate Change Project (NGO Window) 25 (4) Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change 27 (5) Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project 28 (6) Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project) 29 (7) Modern Food Storage Facilities Project Analytical and Advisory Activities (AAAs) Review of Analytical and Advisory Activity Proposals Details of Analytical and Advisory Activities Approved by the MC 32 (1) Impacts of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector 32 (2) Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation 33 (3) Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char Noakhali Cross Dam 35

7 (4) Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka 36 (5) Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards 37 (6) Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling REFERENCES 40 ANNEXES 45 Annex 1. BCCRF Governance and Roles 47 Annex 2. Results Framework (June 2013) 49 Annex 3. BCCRF Reporting Framework (December 31, 2013) 53 Annex 4. Communications 57 TABLES Table 1. Investment Projects Disbursed in Table 2. Investment Projects Approved in Table 3. Reporting in Table 4. Dates of Key Events 7 Table 5. Development Partners Contributions to BCCRF (as of December 31, 2013) 14 Table 6. Activities Approved by MC by December 31, Table 7. Sites of Projects under Implementation and Preparation 20 Table 8. List of MoEF Secretariat Staff 24 Table 9. Agreed Actions and Status as of December 31, Table 10. Selected Types of Zones and Districts 25 Table 11. List of AAAs 31 Table 12. Proposed Annual Work Plan (2014) 72 BOXES Box 1. Key Dates 3 Box 2. Vision Statement 7 FIGURES Figure 1. BCCRF Governance Structure and Roles 47 MAPS Map 1. Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund: Projects under Implementation and Preparation 21 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN

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9 FOREWORD It is my pleasure to present the annual report of achievements made in 2013 under the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). Many milestones were reached in After a series of intensive discussions, we agreed on the results framework. The Capacity Building Project made good progress during In addition to myself as project director, eight staff members came on board at the BCCRF Secretariat in the Ministry of Environment and Forests. Four investment projects under the BCCRF began disbursing, and one analytical activity was nearing completion. Currently, the BCCRF has committed funding for 11 local nongovernmental organizations under the Community Climate Change Project. For the climate change agenda, two key reports were issued in 2013 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change s Fifth Assessment Report and the World Bank s Turn Down the Heat. Both studies reveal longterm implications of climate change for Bangladesh and its people (IPCC 2013; World Bank 2013). Both paint a dismal scenario of the future as climate change continues to take its toll. The Earth faces a temperature rise of at least 2 Celsius above preindustrial levels, requiring firm and coordinated actions. The two reports remind us that we collectively are at the forefront of the challenges facing our country. The Government of Bangladesh has long acknowledged the need to act and has plans and measures in place to reduce climate risk and cope with unavoidable impacts. The above reports shed new light on the risks that Bangladesh faces if the world does not limit greenhouse gas emissions. Global warming takes on a new significance once one examines its local implications for our country. The risks from higher temperature, sea-level rise, and changed patterns of river flows and rainfall combine to affect agriculture, human health, settlements, and infrastructure to the detriment of the economy and especially the poor. Even without climate change, the future damages from extreme weather are likely to increase because, as incomes rise, the projected value of assets in high-risk areas will increase. This adds to the case for resilience to avoid the risk that climate change will undo recent and future gains in poverty reduction and economic development. In conclusion, I would like to acknowledge the continued confidence and encouragement of our development partners. On behalf of the BCCRF Secretariat, I convey my best wishes and sincere gratitude to them. OVERVIEW Dr. Mohammad Nasiruddin Joint Secretary (Development) Project Director, BCCRF Secretariat Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh vii

10 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF ACRONYMS AAA ADB analytical and advisory activity Asian Development Bank AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BCCRF Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BCSD bias-corrected spatial disaggregation BFD Bangladesh Forest Department BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board CCA climate change adaptation CCCP Community Climate Change Project CCFVI coastal city flood vulnerability index CEA cost-effective analysis CNA communication needs assessment DAE Department of Agricultural Extension DFID Department for International Development DNCC Dhaka North City Corporation DRM disaster risk management DSCC Dhaka South City Corporation DWASA Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority ECNEC Executive Committee of National Economic Council ECRRP Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project ERD Economic Relations Division EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FY fiscal year (July 1 June 30) GAAP governance and accountability action plan GC Governing Council GCM global climate model GIZ Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoB Government of Bangladesh HoA heads of agencies ICDDR,B International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh IDA International Development Association IDCOL IFC IPCC IUFR KfW LCG LGED MC MoA MoEF MoFDM MoH MoWR MOU MTR NGO NIE PKSF PM PMU RAJUK RERED Sida SRES TA TTL UNDP UNFCCC USAID WHO WMO Infrastructure Development Company Limited International Finance Corporation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change interim unaudited financial report Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau Local Consultative Group on Environment and Climate Change Local Government Engineering Department Management Committee Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Environment and Forests Ministry of Food and Disaster Management Ministry of Health Ministry of Water Resources Memorandum of Understanding mid-term review nongovernmental organization national implementing entity Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (Rural Activities Support Foundation) Program Manager program management unit Rajdhani Unnayan Kartipakkha (Dhaka City Development Authority) Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, IPCC technical assistance task team leader United Nations Development Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change U. S. Agency for International Development World Health Organization World Meteorological Organization viii

11 1 OVERVIEW 1

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13 1 OVERVIEW Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the potential impacts of climate change. To address this challenge, Bangladesh launched its first Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2008 and revised it in The plan seeks to build a medium- to long-term program for enhancing resilience to climate shocks and facilitating low-carbon, sustainable growth. The BCCSAP identified six main pillars: (1) food security, social safety, and health; (2) comprehensive disaster management; (3) infrastructure; (4) research and knowledge management; (5) mitigation and low-carbon development; and (6) capacity building to address climate change impacts on various sectors of development. To support implementation of the BCCSAP, development partners the U.K. Department for International Development (DFID), Denmark, Sweden, and the European Union (EU) established the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). In May 2010, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) and these four development partners jointly signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). Switzerland became a development partner in December 2010, while the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) joined in Together with supplemental contributions by Sweden and Switzerland in 2012, the total amount pledged as of the end of 2013 was approximately US$187 million. Box 1 presents the key dates. The BCCRF is owned and managed by the GoB. The Governing Council (GC), comprising a core group of cabinet ministers of the government, civil society, and donor representatives, provides overall strategic Box 1. Key Dates May 31, 2010 MOU signed July 6, 2010 DFID and Denmark sign contribution to BCCRF November 8, 2010 Sweden signs contribution to BCCRF December 6, 2010 Switzerland signs contribution to BCCRF December 15, 2010 EU signs contribution to BCCRF February 23, st MC meeting April 13, nd MC meeting April 25, rd MC meeting May 19, st GC meeting October 13, th MC meeting November 16, th MC meeting May 1, 2012 AusAID signs contribution to BCCRF May 3, 2012 USAID signs contribution to BCCRF June 7, th MC meeting June 12, nd GC meeting July 5, th MC meeting December 12, 2012 MC members vision statement meeting January 30, th MC meeting April 17, th MC meeting June 19, rd GC meeting November 24, 2013 Mid-term review starts guidance, while the Management Committee (MC), led by the secretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), reviews grant requests, among other responsibilities (see annex 1 for BCCRF governance and 3

14 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF roles). The BCCRF Secretariat, anchored in the MoEF, works in close collaboration with the World Bank. On behalf of the contributing development partners and in consultation with the GoB, the World Bank is executing due diligence requirements for the BCCRF (including fiduciary management, transparency, and accountability) for a limited duration. The BCCRF is designed such that all investment projects are recipientexecuted grants that is, they are executed by the GoB and its designated agencies or other eligible institutions. The Bank is executing analytical and advisory activities (AAAs) as agreed jointly with the GoB. During the current reporting period (January December 2013), several milestones were reached in program management: first, the MC met twice, the GC met once, and both made significant decisions, such as endorsing the results framework and the project concept for Secretariat for the BCCRF Project Phase II (Capacity Building Project Phase II). The mid-term review (MTR) of the BCCRF started in November. The program manager to be based in Dhaka was appointed on November 1. Five professionals have been in place since late 2013 for the BCCRF Secretariat at MoEF, and the MoEF joint secretary leads the Secretariat as the project director. At the project level, two investment projects began regular disbursements in 2013 (Table 1). The first disbursement, under the Community Climate Change Project (CCCP), started in March As for the Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project, regular disbursement started in August Table 1. Investment Projects Disbursed in 2013 Projects Community Climate Change Project Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project Total disbursement by December 31, 2013 (US$) 2.3 million 3.2 million In June 2013, the GC gave final approval to the two projects listed in Table 2. On December 30, 2013, the executive directors of the World Bank approved the Modern Food Storage Facilities Project. The grant agreement for the Solar Irrigation Project, which is cofinanced by the International Development Association (IDA) Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development (RERED) Project II, was signed in September The project became effective on December 19, and disbursement is scheduled to start in March Table 2. Investment Projects Approved in 2013 Projects approved by GC Modern Food Storage Facilities Project Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (RERED II), Solar Irrigation Project Committed amount (US$) 25.0 million 24.5 million As of December 2013, seven AAAs 1 were ongoing, for which stakeholder consultation was carried out intensively during One was planned to be finalized in early With regard to outreach activities, the BCCRF received media coverage through several national channels in 2013, which improved its visibility significantly. The Annual Report 2012 was widely circulated and was posted on the BCCRF website. The communications strategy was being developed during the second half of 2013, and three blog articles were posted. For the current reporting period (January December 2013), program and project status was reported to stakeholders, as shown in Table 3. Table 3. Reporting in 2013 Reporting period Date of issuance October 1 December 31, 2012 January 22, 2013 January 1 July 12, 2013 July 12, 2013 July 13 November 8, 2013 November 8, 2013 November 9 December 31, 2013 January 26, 2014 The details of achievements in 2013 are described in subsequent sections. 1 In January 2014, it became clear that one of the AAAs (Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards) was similar in scope to research being conducted by the Asian Development Bank. Because of the overlap, this AAA will be canceled; see section (5) for details. 4

15 2 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 5

16 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF BCCRF 6

17 2 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT During the second half of 2012, stakeholders worked diligently to agree on the ultimate objectives of the BCCRF. On December 12, 2012, stakeholders agreed on a BCCRF vision statement (Box 2), which became the guiding principle in developing the Capacity Building Project Phase II, the results framework, and the communications strategy in Box 2. Vision Statement A vision that: By 2020 the BCCRF will be a government led, owned, and managed collaborative and sustainable climate change financing mechanism, which is transparent and accountable, aimed at developing capacity and resilience of the country to meet the challenges of climate change. BCCRF will support the implementation of the BCCSAP through an institutional framework by: 1. Providing a platform for coordination of BCCRF stakeholders and acting as a catalytic agent for wider coordination 2. Serving as a climate fund, which also brings innovation, harmonization, and added value to the GoB s climate change initiatives 3. Serving as a financing mechanism to bring global climate change funding to Bangladesh 4. Supporting implementation of prioritized, results-oriented climate change interventions that deliver sustainable outcomes particularly targeting the least resilient. There were some notable achievements in program management during In addition to the events listed in Table 4, stakeholders engaged in intensive consultation on issues such as the vision statement, results framework, and communications strategy, for which detailed minutes were prepared. The details of program management are described in subsequent sections. Table 4. Dates of Key Events Date Events January 26 Heads of agencies (HoA) meeting January 30 MC meeting February A mission to facilitate development of the results framework and preparation of the Capacity Building Project Phase II March 9 13 A mission to facilitate development of the results framework and preparation of the Capacity Building Project Phase II March A mission to facilitate development of the results framework and preparation of the Capacity Building Project Phase II April 7 HoA meeting April 17 MC meeting May 15 Local Consultative Group (LCG) meeting May 20 LCG meeting June 16 HoA meeting June 19 GC meeting June 30 HoA meeting September A mission to facilitate development of the communications strategy October 1 11 A mission to prepare the Capacity Building Project Phase II 2.2 CAPACITY BUILDING As shown in the BCCRF vision statement, there is a clear understanding among stakeholders that capacity building is one of the critical building blocks of the BCCRF program. Annex 1 describes the governance structure and the current functions of institutions engaged in the 7

18 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF BCCRF program. It is envisioned that the functions of the BCCRF Secretariat will be transferred gradually from the Bank team to the BCCRF Secretariat at MoEF so that the BCCRF will truly be government led, owned, and managed, as indicated in the vision statement. To this end, preparation of the Capacity Building Project Phase II started in The intention was to build on the ongoing Secretariat for the BCCRF Project (Capacity Building Project Phase I) and to prepare Phase II in alignment with the BCCRF vision statement. To develop the project concept, in-depth discussions were held over several months with the government, donors contributing to the BCCRF, as well as other donors and implementing agencies contributing to capacity building for climate change in Bangladesh. The Swiss Embassy and the DFID contributed resources for developing the project concept. To conclude the consultation process, the Local Consultative Sub-Group on Environment and Climate Change (LCG), co-chaired by the DFID and the MoEF, brought together donors and the GoB in May 2013 to agree on a common platform for building capacity and coordinating climate initiatives under the leadership of the MoEF. At that meeting, it was also agreed that the institutional form of the BCCRF and climate change financing are under the purview of the government and might take some time to develop fully. This project concept is aligned with the common framework and is therefore well coordinated with relevant stakeholders in the country and fully in line with the principles and functions agreed by the LCG, which is an important multiple-stakeholder platform in Bangladesh. Following virtual approval by members of the MC, the project concept was presented to the GC on June World Bank 8

19 19. In particular, the chair was of the opinion that the proposed budget of US$7 million for the Capacity Building Project Phase II needed to be smaller during project preparation since the majority of BCCRF funds had to be allocated for poverty reduction interventions and actions on the ground. Subsequently, the GC approved the project concept and requested that the project team revisit the budget. The first preparatory mission for this Capacity Building Project Phase II visited Dhaka from October 1 to 10, and the Bank and the MoEF agreed as follows: (1) the MoEF will initiate discussions to secure a full-time director (joint secretary level) for the Capacity Building Project Phase II, and (2) the Bank will conduct rapid needs assessments on institutional and fiduciary aspects. Detailed terms of reference for such assessments were prepared, and relevant consultants were selected as of the end of The institutional assessment is scheduled to be finalized by March RESULTS FRAMEWORK The results framework was seen to serve as an important accountability tool for donors to ensure that activities support the broader objectives and vision of the BCCRF. The BCCRF vision statement agreed among stakeholders in December 2012 was the first step towards the development of a results framework, and subsequently, a lead monitoring and evaluation specialist at the World Bank headquarters traveled to Dhaka from February 16 to 27 to facilitate the discussion. During the meetings held in late February to discuss the results framework, stakeholders expressed satisfaction with the progress made and requested that consideration be given to devising achievable outputs that can be monitored on an annual basis. A subsequent version of the results framework was prepared on March 30 to deepen the discussion among the development partners and the MoEF. On April 17, key elements of the results framework were discussed at the MC meeting. A final draft consisting of (a) a results road map, (b) a BCCRF reporting framework, and (c) a results measurement guide was circulated on May 8. On June 16, the final results framework was discussed at the HoA meeting, and it was agreed that the results framework in its current form would be piloted over the next several months, after which it would be reviewed and output indicators would be dropped or changed, as necessary. Finally, the GC members discussed and endorsed the results framework on June 19 (the final framework is attached as Annex 2). A monitoring report based on the results framework will be prepared annually, and the first annual monitoring report is attached as Annex 3. This annual monitoring report captures the verification of the reporting framework done during recent months to ensure that target values and output indicators are appropriate and data are easy to collect. 2.4 COMMUNICATIONS Communications strategy: Subsequent to agreeing on the results framework, the process of developing a communications strategy was started during the second half of Experience since 2010 has shown that strategic communications could be of support to achieving the ambitious goals set by BCCRF. To come up with a realistic communications strategy, stakeholders needed to agree on key elements such as the scope of core audiences, the vision of BCCRF, associated human resources, and budget and timeframe to implement the communications strategy. As the first step, a rapid communication needs assessment (CNA) was conducted. A series of individual and group meetings were held in Dhaka; consultations were conducted with a range of stakeholders representing various groups and interests, including members of the BCCRF Secretariat at the MoEF, representatives of the development partners, national and international civil society organizations, journalists, the CCCP team at the Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), and officials from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Bank. The CNA benefited from both the information and insight they shared with the BCCRF 9

20 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF communications team. The USAID team also shared the proposed publication and stationery guidelines for BCCRF, underlining the case for developing a unique identity for this program. The initial draft communications strategy was circulated to development partners and the GoB on November 8; based on the feedback, a draft was revised by December 9. As of December 31, 2013, the draft was being reviewed by the Bank team. Blog articles: During the reporting period, three blog articles related to the BCCRF were posted on the BCCRF website and the Bank s external website. (All blog articles in full are included in Annex 4.) Saving Lives from Cyclone Mahasen in Bangladesh (June 16, 2013). The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and the cyclone shelter team explained how increased preparedness minimized the loss of life and property when cyclone Mahasen hit Bangladesh on May 17. The cyclone caused 17 fatalities and damaged about half a million households, but damages could have been much greater if resilience and preparedness had not been improved through the cyclone shelter program. Becoming a Forest Savior : Community Participation for Conservation (November 4, 2013). The Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) and the afforestation team prepared an article based on interviews with project beneficiaries in Cox s Bazar. The article highlights improved livelihoods through stable employment at nurseries and greater awareness of the consequences of illegal felling. Bangladesh: The Most Climate Vulnerable Country (November 21, 2013). During the Warsaw Climate Change Conference, Arastoo Khan, additional secretary at the Economic Relations Division (ERD), wrote an article saying that the BCCRF program was an operational financial mechanism, but that it did not have the necessary funds. He appealed to the international community to fund the BCCRF program so that it could develop further. 2.5 BCCRF MID-TERM REVIEW In the process of developing the implementation manual in 2011, the BCCRF stakeholders agreed that, after two years of implementation, the BCCRF requires a mid-term review (MTR). The goal of the assignment is to provide recommendations to facilitate the best way forward for BCCRF in terms of programmatic and 10

21 operational implementation. The review process was initiated when the terms of reference and discussion paper were circulated among stakeholders in October The MTR will take place in two phases: In the first phase, independent consultants will conduct a technical evaluation of the programmatic and operational aspects of the BCCRF and provide recommendations on meta-level questions indicating the value added by the BCCRF. In the second phase, the Bank will facilitate the process by establishing consensus with the GoB and development partners on the priority recommendations, future work plan, and administrative issues linked to the BCCRF. The development partners and the Bank jointly evaluated several candidates for the consultancy and agreed to give this MTR assignment to a team consisting of a U.K.-based expert and a Dhaka-based expert, both with rich experience in evaluating trust-funded programs. The assignment given to the team comprised the following: (i) examine the programmatic aspects of the BCCRF, including the vision, results framework, capacitybuilding plan, communications strategy, and evaluation criteria; (ii) review the status of the constituent projects in the BCCRF with respect to the pace of implementation and added value of the operations; (iii) address the larger meta questions around BCCRF such as the added value of the fund and its alignment with the BCCSAP; and (iv) prepare a report on recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the fund. The consultants started the assignment on November 24. A second mission took place in mid-january 2014, and the MTR is scheduled to be completed in early COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS Many bilateral and multilateral assistance initiatives seek to build capacity with regard to addressing climate change in Bangladesh. The ADB supports targeted capacitybuilding initiatives on climate change, especially training in certain sectors, and plans to develop a comprehensive climate change related database (knowledge bank). The UNDP supports the Planning Commission in its role as overseer of all government programs and has contributed to the Public Expenditure Review on Climate Change. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has carried out a comprehensive needs assessment of climate change capacity building for the MoEF and has submitted a proposal to the MoEF for developing a capacity-building plan, which is likely to attract USAID funding. The Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) has allocated about EUR 4 million, principally to support the MoEF. The DFID played an important role in developing the BCCSAP. To avoid overlapping efforts, in-depth discussions were held over several months with the government, civil society, BCCRF donors, as well as other donors and implementing agencies contributing to capacity building for climate change in Bangladesh. To conclude the consultation process, the Local Consultative Sub-Group (LCG) on Environment and Climate Change, co-chaired by the DFID and the MoEF, brought together stakeholders on two occasions in May 2013 to agree on a common platform for building capacity and coordinating climate initiatives under the leadership of the MoEF. This resulted in an agreement on the overall approach, 10 principles, a set of 9 functions, and a common process on which to pursue capacity building (see the LCG website: STAFFING The new program manager officially came on board on November 1 and was scheduled to relocate to Dhaka in mid-january The task team leadership of relevant trust funds was transferred from the interim program manager to the new program manager as of November 30, 2013, and the new manager became the task team leader (TTL) for the Capacity Building Project (Phases I and II). Finally, the Bank s task team consists of competent technical staff covering multiple disciplines as well as serving as TTLs of BCCRF projects and AAAs. They are given below. 11

22 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF World Bank World Bank BCCRF core team: Interim program manager (January 1, 2013 until the appointment of the new program manager), New Delhi Program manager (appointed as of November 1, 2013), Washington, DC, and scheduled to relocate to Dhaka in mid-january 2014 Senior environmental specialist, Washington, DC (part-time) Senior monitoring and evaluation specialist, Dhaka (only until December 31, 2013) Environmental specialist, Dhaka (part-time) Communications short-term consultant, Dhaka Administrative support staff, Dhaka (part-time). Project TTLs: In cooperation with project management units (PMU) at implementing agencies of the Bangladeshi government, the following TTLs provide support from the Bank side to ensure technical, legal, and financial due diligence during project preparation and implementation: Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project): lead water resources specialist Community Climate Change Project: environmental specialist Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project: senior environmental specialist Secretariat for BCCRF (Capacity Building Project Phase I): BCCRF (interim) program manager Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project): senior energy specialist Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change: lead rural development specialist Modern Food Storage Facilities Project: lead rural development specialist. 12

23 In addition to the technical specialists who are TTLs, all of the task teams include specialists for environmental and social safeguards, financial management, procurement, legal due diligence, and administrative support. Analytical work TTLs: Impact of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector: senior environmental economist Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation: lead environmental economist Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char Noakhali Cross Dam: water resources specialist Eco-Engineering, Climate Adaptation, and Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation: senior environmental specialist Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards: senior disaster risk management specialist Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling: lead environmental economist 2.8 FINANCIAL REPORTING During the reporting period, no supplemental financial contribution was made. The total amount pledged remains the same as in the previous year. However, because of fluctuations in the exchange rate, the dollar value of the pledged amount was slightly lower than the previous year (Table 5). Activities approved by the MC are presented in Table 6, and details are given in Section 3. World Bank 13

24 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Table 5. Development Partners Contributions to BCCRF (as of December 31, 2013) Pledges Deposits Development partners Currency Amount in pledged currency (million) Amount in US$ (million) Amount in pledged currency (million) Amount in US$ (million) Ratio of unpaid contribution (%) AusAID AUD % Denmark DKK % DFID GBP % EU EUR % Sweden SEK % Swiss CHF % USAID USD % Total Note: 1. Numbers may not add up due to rounding. 2. Exchange rate: a. The exchange rate used for the pledged amount is as of December 31, 2013, and the fund volume in U.S. dollars is an indicative amount. b. Funds are converted from pledged currencies to U.S. dollars when deposited, and fully paid contributions are converted at the exchange rate actually used. 3. In addition to the resources shown, by December 31, 2013, the BCCRF had earned an investment income of US$889,313 since its inception. The entire investment income is correctly credited to the BCCRF and forms part of its current fund balance to be used for its purposes. World Bank 14

25 Table 6. Activities Approved by MC by December 31, 2013 Investment projects and responsible agencies 1. Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project), Local Government Engineering Division 2.1 Secretariat for BCCRF Phase I (Capacity Building Project Phase I), Ministry of Environment and Forests 2.2 Secretariat for BCCRF Phase II (Capacity Building Project Phase II), Ministry of Environment and Forests 3. Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) (NGO Window), Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation 4. Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change, Department of Agriculture Extension, Ministry of Agriculture 5. Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project, Bangladesh Forest Department and Arannayk Foundation 6. Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project), Infrastructure Development Company Limited Amount (US$ million) Status as of December 2013 Disbursement rate was 56%, and the construction of shelters was, on average, 70% 25.0 completed 0.2 Eight staff are on board; disbursement rate was 46% Project concept review was conducted in June 5.5 a 2013; institutional assessment and a preparation mission are planned for March 2014 Disbursement started in March 2013; (17.0) b disbursement rate was 18% Project concept review and Bank appraisal were 22.8 scheduled for early Modern Food Storage Facilities Project, Ministry of Food and Disaster Management 25.0 Analytical and advisory activities (AAA) 3.2 c 1. Impact of climate change on climate-sensitive diseases and implications for the health sector Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char Noakhali Cross Dam 0.73 Project became effective on July 2, 2013, and regular disbursement started in August 2013; disbursement rate was 9% Grant agreement was signed in September 2013 for the first tranche of US$10 million GC approval was obtained in June 2013; the Bank Board approval was obtained on December 30, 2013 Scheduled to be finalized in January 2014 Supervisory mission took place in September 2013 The final feasibility study was scheduled to be finalized by the end of 2013, but was delayed for three to four months 4. Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka 0.3 Project concept was under preparation 5. Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards 6. Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling 0.2 A strategy was being developed to build on the ADB s ongoing study 0.3 A workshop scheduled for late 2013 was postponed due to political unrest d 84% of total pledged amount Note: a. As described in section 2.2 above, the GC agreed that the proposed budget of US$7 million of the Capacity Building Project Phase II needed to be smaller and requested that the volume of funds be revisited during project preparation. The project is currently under preparation, and the figure for volume of funds is tentative. b. The GC approved allocating US$12.5 million for CCCP, but also agreed to reserve US$4.5 million in BCCRF resources so that it could be allocated to the CCCP as additional funding in the future; for this reason, the fund allocation for CCCP is shown as US$17 million. Refer to section (3) for details. c. US$3.2 million for AAA is the amount allocated, not the total amount approved. d. Trust fund fee is calculated at 1% of total contributions, and program and project management fees are estimated to be US$4.1 million. 15

26 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Mirva Tuulia Moilanen / World Bank 16

27 3 THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 17

28 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Scott Wallace / World Bank 18

29 3 THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 3.1 INVESTMENT PROJECTS The BCCRF has been designed (except for AAAs, which are Bank executed) so that all investments are recipientexecuted grants, that is, they are executed by the GoB, its designated agencies, or other eligible institutions. Of the recipient-executed grants, 10 percent are allocated to the CCCP (NGO Window), and 90 percent are executed by government institutions. Sections to describe the review of proposals during the reporting period and project status as of December 31, 2013, for recipient-executed projects Review of Project Proposals There were no replenishments during 2013, and since a large part of the funds were in the pipeline and already committed, only one project proposal was discussed. This discussion took place during the MC meeting on April 17: Modernizing Hydrological Information Services and Strengthening Resilience to Climate-Related Risks, by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). At that time, MC members agreed to postpone the proposal review. The Secretariat for the BCCRF Project Phase II (Capacity Building Project Phase II) is an integral part of the BCCRF program and vision statement. The task team started to develop the project concept note in February After intensive consultations among ministries and development partners, the project concept note was finalized and endorsed at the GC meeting in June, as described in section Sites of Projects under Implementation and Preparation Table 7 shows the divisions and districts in which BCCRF investment projects are under implementation or preparation. 19

30 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Table 7. Sites of Projects under Implementation and Preparation Project Division District 1. Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Barisal Barguna, Pirojpur Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project) Khulna Khulna, Patuakhali, Satkhira 2. Secretariat for BCCRF Phase I (Capacity Dhaka Dhaka Building Project Phase I) 3. Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) Barisal Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna Chittagong Cox s Bazar Dhaka Jamalpur, Mymensingh Khulna Satkhira, Khulna, Jessore, Bagerhat, Chuadanga Rajshahi Kurigram, Nilphamari, Rajshahi, Natore, Naogaon 4. Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change 5. Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project 6. Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project) Barisal Chittagong Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Slylet 7. Modern Food Storage Facilities Dhaka Narayanganj (Sites were not finalized by the end of the reporting period) Barisal, Pakuakhali, Barguna, Bhola Cox s Bazar, Chittagong, Feni, Noakhali, Lakshmipur Barisal, Barguna, Jhalakhati, Patuakhali Bandarban, Chandpur, Chittagong, Comila, Cox s Bazar, Feni, Khagrachari, Noakhali Dhaka, Faridpur, Gazipur, Jamalpur, Kishoregong, Mymensingh, Narsindi, Sherpur Bagerhat, Chuandanga, Jessore, Jhenaidah, Khulna, Kushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Satkhira Bogra, Naogaon, Pabna Dinajpu, Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Panchagarh, Rangpur, Thakurgoan Habiganj 20

31 Map 1. Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund: Projects under Implementation and Preparation 88ºE NEPAL 26ºN 25ºN 24ºN Thakurgaon THAKURGAON NOWABGANJ Ganges INDIA 23ºN 22ºN 21ºN Panchagar PANCHAGAR DINAJPUR NAOGAON Nowabganj RAJSHAHI NILPHAMARI Nilphamari Dinajpur Naogaon LALMONIRHAT Rangpur RANGPUR JOYPURHAT Joypurhat BOGRA RAJSHAHI Rajshahi 89ºE Natore NATORE KHULNA KURIGRAM GAIBANDHA PABNA Serajganj SERAJGANJ SERPUR JAMALPUR TANGAIL MYMENSINGH DHAKA GAZIPUR BARISAL NETROKONA KISHORGANJ SUNAMGANJ Pabna Gazipur NARSINGDI Narsingdi Brahmanbaria KUSHTIA Kushtia Manikanj DHAKA NARAYNGANJ BRAHMAN Meherpur BARIA Rajbari MANIKGANJ MEHERPUR Chuadanga RAJBARI DHAKA Naraynganj CHUADANGA Faridpur Jhenaidah COMILLA JHENAIDAH Magura FARIDPUR MUNSHIGANJ Munshiganj MAGURA Comilla CHANDPUR SARIATPUR Jessore Narail Sariatpur Madaripur Chandpur JESSORE NARAIL MADARIPUR GOPALGANJ Gopalganj LUXMIPUR NOAKHALI Feni FENI Satkhira SATKHIRA INDIA BHUTAN Lalmonirhat Gaibandha Bogra Kurigram Jamuna Khulna Jamalpur G a n g e s D e l t a Serpur Tangail BARGUNA BARISAL KHULNA PEROJPUR Bagerhat Jhalukathi Barisal Bhola JHALUKATHI BAGERHAT Perojpur S u n d a r b a n s 90ºE 26ºN Barguna M o u t h s o f t Bay of Bengal This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank GSDPM Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any Map Design Unit endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Netrokona Mymensingh Ganges Patuakhali PATUAKHALI h e G a Luxmipur BHOLA Kishorganj Meghna n g e 91ºE s Sunamganj Noakhali SYLHET HABIGANJ Habiganj SYLHET Sylhet MOULVI BAZAR Moulvi Bazar KHAGRACHHARI CHITTAGONG BANGLADESH CHITTAGONG Chittagong Khagrachhari Rangamati COX S BAZAR Cox's Bazar 89ºE 90ºE 91ºE 92ºE 92ºE RANGAMATI INDIA Kilometers Miles Kaptai Lake Bandarban Mt. Mowdok (957 m) BANDARBAN IBRD BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND Projects Under Implementation and Preparation Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project) Secretariat for BCCRF Phase 1 (Capacity Building Project Phase 1) Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project) Modern Food Storage Facilities DISTRICT CAPITALS DIVISION CAPITALS NATIONAL CAPITAL RIVERS DISTRICT BOUNDARIES DIVISION BOUNDARIES INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES 25ºN 24ºN 23ºN 22ºN MYANMAR 21ºN MARCH

32 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Details of Projects Approved by MC for Preparation (1) EMERGENCY 2007 CYCLONE RECOVERY AND RESTORATION PROJECT (MULTIPURPOSE CYCLONE SHELTER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT) Project number: P Grant amount: US$25 million Responsible agency: Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) Background and objectives Coastal regions, such as Barguna, have always been prone to disasters such as tropical storms and tidal waves. From 1980 to 2000, nearly 60 percent of deaths worldwide from cyclones occurred in Bangladesh alone. With the effects of climate change likely to increase the frequency and severity of cyclones and other natural disasters, Bangladesh needs to adapt to heightened uncertainty and be prepared for even the worst storms. To protect people from cyclones, Bangladesh has constructed a network of multipurpose shelters (for example, schools) and developed a community-based early warning system that has become a model for countries throughout the world. Schools, hospitals, and local government offices double as cyclone shelters and play a critical role in saving lives during cyclones and other natural disasters. Owing to the growing network of cyclone shelters and the early warning system, the number of fatalities in the 2007 cyclone Sidr was around 3,500, which is a significant decrease from 140,000 fatalities in the 1991 cyclone. The Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) calls for the repair, maintenance, and construction of additional cyclone shelters throughout the coastal zones of Bangladesh and estimates that 2,000 to 4,000 new shelters are needed. At its first meeting in June 2011, the GC approved a US$25 million grant for a project to address this issue, which was to be cofinanced with an ongoing IDA project called Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP) (P111272). When the grant agreement (TF099305) for the BCCRF project was signed on August 8, 2011, the project planned to construct 55 new multipurpose shelters, rehabilitate 40 existing shelters, and construct 40-kilometer evacuation routes. The scope was subsequently adjusted, and BCCRF support now aims to construct 61 new shelters. Road construction was scaled down to an kilometer stretch, and funds are being reallocated to other activities. Updated status When cyclone Mahasen hit Bangladesh in May 2013, the ECRRP shelters were occupied by 40,219 people and 4,307 livestock. Mahasen affected 8 coastal districts with flooding and waterlogging and caused 17 fatalities. However, according to the LGED, thanks to the ECRRP, the greater number of usable shelters this year meant that the loss of life was much less than it could have been. LGED executive engineer in Bhola, Mr. S. M. Akbar Hossain, is quoted as saying (Annex 4), Not only did the shelters house people; they were also the safe point for relief activities, such as precautionary BCCRF 22

33 stocking of dry food. These shelters provide a safe haven during killer cyclones and during non-cyclone times are used as primary schools targeting the ultra-poor, thus providing hope and mobility to the communities. Specific features of the technical design are as follows: Durability. The shelters are designed to withstand wind speeds of 260 kilometers per hour, are made of a reinforced frame with Factor of Safety 2.5, and have 60-grade deformed bars and stone aggregates in the shelter foundation, footings, columns, beams, and so forth, making these structures sustainable during severe cyclones. Also, the ECRRP shelters are built as three-story structures with provisions for vertical extension in the future. Design. Design features such as separate floors for livestock, separate rooms for pregnant women, gender-marked toilets, store rooms, enhanced toilet facilities with soak pits and septic tanks, emergency water supply (tube wells), first aid facilities, solar lights, rainwater harvesting, and tree plantation are unique to the ECRRP shelters. Stakeholders provided inputs to the design and use of the shelters during normal times and during cyclones. Shelters were built in compliance with land use planning and environmental and social safeguards requirements. Under the BCCRF, one contract package in Pirojpur District (NW-13) had been completed as of September 30, At the end of 2013, about 70 percent of the construction of new shelters had been completed, and construction of one road in Barguna District ( kilometers) had been 67 percent completed. Disbursement of this project started in January 2012, and the disbursement rate at the end of 2013 was 55 percent. However, work was stopped during the last few months of the peak construction period in 2013 due to political unrest that resulted in transportation blockades, which were particularly serious in some districts, such as Satkhira and Khulna. An extension to the grant closing (BCCRF Grant no. TF099305) date from December 31, 2014, to December 31, 2015, is likely to be needed for completing the remaining disaster shelters. The IDA, the parent for this BCCRF project, has already extended the closing date from June 30, 2014, to December 31, (2) SECRETARIAT FOR BCCRF (Capacity Building Project Phase I) Project number: P Grant amount: US$0.2 million (phase I) Responsible agency: Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Background and objectives The MOU signed in May 2010 states that a Secretariat will be established at the Climate Change Unit of the MoEF to support the BCCRF program. The Secretariat s main functions will include day-to-day support for the MC and GC, screening of proposals, advocacy, communications, donor coordination, programlevel monitoring and evaluation, and preparation for and implementation of the eventual transfer of the functions of the BCCRF Secretariat from the Bank to the MoEF. In February 2011, the MC approved establishing the Secretariat at the MoEF. In May 20, the GC approved this stand-alone project consisting of BCCRF resources in the amount of US$0.2 million. A grant agreement for US$0.2 million was signed between the World Bank and the ERD in November Since recruitment of staff for the MoEF Secretariat was delayed, the World Bank BCCRF team initially performed a large part of the Secretariat functions. However, as the capacity and number of MoEF Secretariat staff increase, functions are being transferred gradually to the MoEF. 23

34 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Updated status The MoEF BCCRF Secretariat is located in the old Ban Bhaban building in Mohakhali, Dhaka, which is being refurbished and is nearing completion. Procurement of goods such as computers, telephones, air conditioners, and office furniture is ongoing. Disbursement of this project started in October 2012, and the disbursement rate at the end of 2013 was 46 percent. As described in section 2.2, preparation of the Capacity Building Project Phase II started in 2013, and a transitional arrangement should be considered to minimize the gap between the end of Phase I and the start of Phase II. All of the staff members who were scheduled to come on board for Phase I had been appointed by the end of In addition to the five members shown in Table 8 funded under BCCRF, a joint secretary of the MoEF leads the team as project director, and drivers and messengers funded by MoEF are also part of the team. Table 8. List of MoEF Secretariat Staff Title Appointed date Climate change technical adviser May 2013 Climate change managerial adviser October 2012 Financial management consultant December 2013 Procurement specialist December 2013 Junior consultant (administration) May 2013 During the Bank s implementation support mission (October 1 11, 2013), the GoB and the Bank agreed to improve the implementation of this project, which is scheduled to be closed on December 31, The agreed actions and the status as of December 31, 2013, are shown on Table 9. Table 9. Agreed Actions and Status as of December 31, 2013 Issues Status as of December 31, 2013 Procurement and financial management consultants will be contracted no later than November 15, 2013 Interim unaudited financial reports (IUFR): IUFRs were due for the periods ending September 2012 and March The project is yet to submit these IUFRs to the Bank. IUFRs for the period ending September 2013 were due to be submitted by October 31, 2013, along with the two previous IUFRs. A consolidated progress report of the Secretariat for the period ending September 2013 was due to be submitted to the Bank by November 15, 2013 Procurement of goods and services contracts was due to be completed by January 31, 2013 Both consultants had been appointed as of December 1, 2013 (The final IUFRs covering the four quarters during 2013 were submitted to the World Bank in mid-february 2014 after a few corrections) The consolidated progress report covering 2012 and January October 2013 was submitted on November 13, 2013 Procurement is in progress. Refurbishment of the office space on the fifth floor of the Old Ban Bhaban building at Mohakhali is largely completed. 24

35 (3) COMMUNITY CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECT (NGO WINDOW) Project number: P Grant amount: US$12.5 million Responsible agency: Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) Background and objectives The Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) is an important window that allocates BCCRF grant funds to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) through a competitive process to support community-driven interventions for climate change adaptation. The GC has designated the PKSF as the responsible agency for the CCCP. In June 2011, the GC approved the allocation of 10 percent of BCCRF resources, calculated as US$12.5 million. Of this amount, US$10 million was to fund subprojects in the three most climate-vulnerable zones in Bangladesh, as shown in Table 10. The subproject proposals are also required to address at least one of the six pillars of the BCCSAP. The subprojects will range from US$20,000 to US$1 million, and all will be completed three months before the project closing date of CCCP. The proposals will also be reviewed for social and environmental safeguards, including gender and social inclusion, as per Bank policy. Remaining funds of US$2.5 million will be allocated to monitoring, learning, and subproject refinement, through knowledge sharing and dissemination of lessons learned. Upon approval of this project in June 2012, the GC members discussed the volume of funds for the CCCP. When the GC approved the allocation of 10 percent of BCCRF resources to the CCCP in June 2011, total BCCRF resources were US$125 million. By the time of the GC meeting in 2012, total resources had reached US$170 million. For this reason, GC members considered whether to increase the amount allocated to the CCCP. The GC recommended approving US$12.5 million for the project and reserving US$4.5 million as additional funding for the future. Updated status The CCCP launching ceremony on November 17, 2012, was widely reported in the national media, and in 2013, the PKSF screened 496 concept notes. Of these, 30 NGOs were asked to submit detailed proposals, and 338 were told that their concept notes did not meet the minimum criteria. As of September 1, 2013, the CCCP signed the commitment to fund 11 subprojects with a total amount of US$3.99 million (BDT 311,394,877), which was widely reported in national newspapers (Annex 5). As of December 31, 2013, the following NGOs had received awards: RDRS Bangladesh SatkhiraUnnayanSangstha (SUS) Wave Foundation Table 10. Selected Types of Zones and Districts Types of zones Saline-affected coastal zones Flood-affected areas and charlands Drought-affected or rain-scarce areas in northwestern Bangladesh Districts Satkhira, Khulna, Jessore, Bagerhat, Patuakhali, Barguna Barisal, Cox s Bazar, Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Bagerhat, Jessore, Khulna, Kurigram, Nilphamari Chuadanga, Jessore, Naogaon, Rajshahi, Satkhira, Natore 25

36 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF SKS Foundation GanaUnnayanKendra (GUK) NazrulSmritiSangsad (NSS) Ashrai National Development Programme DakDiye Jai JhanjiraSamajKallyanSangstha (JSKS) Jagrata Juba Shangha (JJS). Activities to be supported under the BCCRF include homestead plinth raising, repair of roads and embankments with tree plantations, promotion of renewable energy such as installation of solar panels, establishment of community grain banks to improve food security during lean periods, installation of tube wells for safe drinking water, slatted housing for goats to improve livelihoods, training and exchange visits to improve resilience, promotion of flood-resilient rice varieties, supply of inputs to promote salinetolerant vegetables, support to improve food security and livelihoods (ducks, poultry, goat, sheep rearing), installation of rainwater harvesting systems at the household level, installation of community-based solar irrigation systems, and support for cultivation of drought-resilient fodder. The PKSF communicated transparently with the NGOs whose concept notes were not adopted. Official letters were sent to 338 unsuccessful NGOs clearly indicating the selection criteria they had not fulfilled. The rejection criteria for the concept notes were also posted on the CCCP website. Out of the 338 NGOs, seven sought further clarification, and the PKSF responded promptly. Disbursement of this BCCRF project started in March 2013, and the disbursement rate at the end of 2013 was 18 percent. Project website: Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) Working with the Community for Climate Change Adaptation 26

37 (4) SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Project number: P Grant amount: US$22.8 million Responsible agency: Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) Background and objectives Climate change is likely to have significant negative impacts on Bangladesh s agriculture a sector accounting for a fifth of the country s gross domestic product and employing more than half of its workforce. Immediate attention is needed to address issues of food insecurity, rural poverty, climate-induced relocation, and mass rural-urban migration, which are possible consequences of agriculture being affected by climate change. The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) has taken the approach of shifting from response and relief to proactive risk reduction. In this context, the DAE has been identifying, testing, and validating climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk management (DRM) options with the aim of mainstreaming them into national food security strategies and policies. This BCCRF project, with US$22.8 million in funds to be implemented by the DAE, with technical assistance from the FAO, focuses on developing a working approach, replicating validated options for agricultural CCA, and pilot testing the development of viable local cropping adaptation practices in salinity-, flood-, and drought-prone areas. The project facilitates demanddriven and learning by doing approaches through stakeholder capacity building, participatory adaptive research, dissemination of adaptation technology, and field demonstration to identify and implement viable adaptation practices in close collaboration with local communities. The implementation process will draw largely on experiences from previous pilot initiatives in the agriculture sector in Bangladesh, where the extensive profiling of livelihood systems and training and capacity-building elements have been prototyped in the national context. The following are the key objectives: Validate and replicate agricultural CCA technologies and practices targeting resource-poor smallholder farmers in drought-, flood-, and saline-prone areas Strengthen the capacity of the DAE and other stakeholders to undertake agricultural CCA for climate change risk management and DRM. Develop community-based rural early warning systems in drought-, flood-, and salinity-prone areas Enhance awareness raising, knowledge sharing, communications, and multiple-stakeholder engagement in agricultural CCA. Updated status The Bank team for the project was strengthened with the addition of a lead rural development specialist as the task team leader in early The team continued its regular technical and operational dialogue with the MoA, the DAE, and the FAO. The project is scheduled to have a concept review in early January An overview of the proposed project, its background, objectives, components, and institutional arrangements, proposed as additional financing for the ECRRP (P111272), will be presented and discussed at the review. The following issues will also be discussed: the closing of the agriculture component under the ECRRP; the closing date of the BCCRF (December 31, 2016) and project results; the modalities for distributing input in the BCCRF project as compared to the modalities employed under the ECRRP; and geographic overlap between the BCCRF project areas and the ECRRP agriculture component areas. 27

38 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF (5) CLIMATE-RESILIENT PARTICIPATORY AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECT Project number: P Grant amount: US$33.8 million Responsible agency: Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) Background and objectives Afforestation has benefits for both mitigating and adapting to climate change. Forests can reduce the global stock of greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration and act as a barrier against storm surges, thus saving lives and protecting communities vulnerable to climate change. In Bangladesh, forests have a significant role in adaptation. In coastal areas, foreshore afforestation is a proven cost-effective method of dissipating wave energy and reducing floods on embankments during storm surges. This was evident during the 1991, 2007 (Sidr), and 2009 (Aila) cyclones. The virtual absence of mangrove forests in coastal Chokoria and surrounding areas resulted in significant damage to property and loss of life in In contrast, even scattered and unplanned afforestation on the foreshore of embankments affected by cyclone Sidr substantially lessened the storm surge velocity, reducing damage and loss. Deforestation is also a major challenge in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Along with heavy rainfall, deforestation causes soil erosion and serious landslides. In 2007, deforestation aggravated the impact of a landslide in Bangladesh s second-largest city, Chittagong, which caused nearly 900,000 houses to collapse. Change in land-use patterns, encroachment of forest land, forest fires, uncontrolled and wasteful commercial logging, illegal felling of trees, conversion of forest land into grazing fields, and collection of wood for fuel are considered major reasons for rapid deforestation. Coordinated action is needed to counter deforestation. Planting in coastal zones protects against storm surges, while afforestation in hilly areas improves soil stability, thus reducing the risk of landslides and erosion. On April 13, 2011, the MC allocated US$25 million to afforest and reforest areas exposed to cyclones, storm surges, and landslides. The aim is to afforest and reforest 17,000 hectares and 2,500 kilometers of strip plantations in seven coastal and hilly districts and to improve the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities by generating alternative activities. The fund also supports innovative studies to improve forest management in Bangladesh. The GC and MC approved the increased allocation of US$33.8 million in June 2012 to cover higher costs of labor, travel, maintenance, monitoring and supervision, and community consultation as well as to fund the alternative livelihood option component. Updated status The grant agreement for this project was signed on February 27, 2013, and a press release was prepared, Thinkstock.com 28

39 attracting wide media attention. The project became effective on July 2, 2013, and the first implementation support mission was conducted over the period of July The main objectives of the mission were to review the project readiness and its first year s implementation plan under each component. An extensive orientation program was organized for concerned staff at the Bangladesh Forest Department and the Arannyak Foundation as well as for stakeholders. The scope of the orientation included the project objectives, institutional arrangements, approaches, species selection criteria, procurement actions, financial management, environmental and social safeguards, contract management, quality control, reporting, monitoring of indicators for development and outcome objectives, and a governance and accountability action plan. A request for expressions of interest for materials such as bamboo, soil, and compost was advertised in the national newspaper, the Financial Express, in mid- November Terms of reference were prepared for the project manager, financial management specialist, communication and information specialist, accounting specialist, and 20 field-level junior consultants. Requisite no-objections have been provided, and these positions have been short-listed. The request for expressions of interest for computers and printers was posted on the BFD website, with a deadline of November 19, Regular disbursement of this BCCRF project started in August 2013, and the disbursement rate at the end of 2013 was 9 percent. (6) RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT II (Solar Irrigation Project) Project number: P Grant amount: US$24.5 million Responsible agency: Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) Background and objectives Rain-fed agriculture was dominant in Bangladesh until mechanized irrigation was introduced in the 1970s to increase agricultural productivity and meet the demands of the growing population. Diesel-driven irrigation plays an important role given the low access to electricity in rural Bangladesh. As irrigation schemes became popular, fuel costs became a burden on rural households as well as on the national economy. As part of the GoB strategy for addressing off-grid electrification, mitigating climate change, and ensuring food security, in June 2012 the MC approved further preparation of a Solar Irrigation Project to replace diesel-driven pumps with solar pumps. This project is co-financed with RERED II (P131263), an IDA project that is expected to provide electricity to 2.5 million people and clean cooking solutions to more than 1 million households. The co-financing arrangement with an IDA project expedited the formulation of the Solar Irrigation Project, and appraisal was completed two months after MC approval. The GoB established the IDCOL in 1997 to bridge the financing gap for developing infrastructure and renewable energy projects. IDCOL is responsible for implementing RERED II and, based on the current assessment for the Solar Irrigation Project, plans to finance 1,500 solar irrigation pumps. Of the US$24.5 million in BCCRF funding, US$23 million will be used for a capital buy-down grant for the irrigation scheme, while US$1.5 million will be used for technical assistance, which includes feasibility studies, site-specific due diligence, inspection and monitoring, training, and 29

40 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF impact assessment (baseline, mid-term, and final) for the irrigation scheme. The final listing of resources for RERED II is as follows: IDA, US$155 million; BCCRF, US$24.5 million; Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW), US$12.9 million; and USAID, US$7.6 million. BCCRF funds will be used solely for the solar irrigation component. BCCRF Updated status The Bank Board approved RERED II on September 20, 2012, and the GC approved the Solar Irrigation Project at the June 2013 meeting. The grant agreement for the first tranche of US$10 million was signed in September 2013 (see Annex 4). As of December 19, 2013, conditions for effectiveness were satisfied, and the fund for this project became effective. Disbursement is expected to start in March (7) MODERN FOOD STORAGE FACILITIES PROJECT Project number: P Grant amount: US$25 million Responsible agency: Ministry of Food and Disaster Management Background and objectives Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to natural disasters that are influenced by climate change. During the past 20 years, 60 percent of the worldwide deaths caused by disasters were in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, cyclones generally travel from the southwest toward the north-northeast and may hit anywhere along the southern coast. However, the severity of the cyclone depends on the depth of inundation and destruction, and if the storm hits the coast during a high tide and a new or full moon, the depth of inundation may reach 6 meters, causing colossal damage. Around 42 million people live in 19 vulnerable coastal districts, and they need food security, especially after natural disasters. The project proposal submitted to the MC in June 2012 planned to install grain storage facilities to provide food security for the most vulnerable 10 million people for three months after a natural disaster. The project proposal included the following three components, requiring a total fund of US$50 million: Construction of two modern rice silos with auxiliary facilities (US$38.46 million) Rehabilitation of existing grain terminal facilities (US$4.89 million) Construction or upgrade of silo yards, approach roads, and internal roads (US$0.61 million). At the June 2012 MC meeting, the project proposal was approved for further preparation under the following 30

41 conditions: (1) construct one silo instead of two, reducing the total grant amount to US$25 million, and (2) consider establishing the facilities in Narayanganj. Updated status The GC approved this food storage project in June 2013, and the Bank approved it on December 30, 2013, as an IDA co-financed project. Financial resources include US$210 million from the IDA, US$25 million from the BCCRF, and US$5 million from project beneficiaries. BCCRF funds will be used to support the construction of a public silo in Narayanganj, with a storage capacity of 50,000 tons to increase the grain reserve and improve the efficiency of grain storage management. The grant agreement is expected to be signed by the end of fiscal year (FY) IDA and BCCRF support the construction of eight public silos, and the Narayanganj silo under BCCRF aims to improve disaster preparedness of Dhaka area, having the strongest strategic importance. 3.2 ANALYTICAL AND ADVISORY ACTIVITIES (AAAs) Collaborating closely with the GoB and other stakeholders, the World Bank provides analytical support to address knowledge gaps affecting implementation of the BCCSAP. Through a consultative process, six knowledge gaps were identified in 2010: (1) impacts of climate change on vector-borne diseases and implications for the health sector; (2) natural disasters in a changing climate and the applicability of risk-financing instruments; (3) waterlogging of urban areas in a changing climate and potential damage and adaptation; (4) coastal zone in a changing climate and ingress of the salinity frontier; (5) assessment of the threat of climate-induced out-migration from vulnerable areas; and (6) economic assessment of ways to improve energy efficiency and green growth in Bangladesh. The following sections present an overview of the selection process and the six AAAs that were approved by the MC and are under implementation Review of Analytical and Advisory Activity Proposals The process and selection in 2013: On November 12, 2012, the MC approved a second round of proposals for AAAs after a 10-day virtual review (Table 11). The approval was endorsed at the MC meeting in January Table 11. List of AAAs Date of approval AAA proposal US$ million October 2011 (MC approved modification in November 2012) October 2011 June 2012 Impact of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char Noakhali Cross Dam November 2012 Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka 0.3 November 2012 Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: 0.2 A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards November 2012 Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling 0.3 Original 0.2; modified

42 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Details of Analytical and Advisory Activities Approved by the MC (1) Impacts of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector Project number: P Grant amount: Originally approved US$0.2 million, increased by US$0.1 million to US$0.3 million Background: Climate change and increasing climate variability threaten the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals in Bangladesh. Added to the climate risks are rapid population growth and fast and unplanned urbanization, water scarcity, inadequate safe water and sanitation facilities, high level of poverty, and high prevalence of malnutrition. The impact of climate variability and extreme weather events on health is likely to become a major issue in Bangladesh in the coming decades. The 2008 Human Development Report highlighted that changes in climate may alter the distribution and incidence of climate-sensitive diseases, including vector-borne and water-borne diseases. Important vector species (for example, mosquitoes) may increase the spread of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, kalaazar, encephalitis, and chickungunia to new and existing areas that lack strong public health infrastructure. Climate change is also likely to increase the incidence of water-borne infectious diseases and bring additional stresses, such as dehydration, malnutrition, and heatrelated morbidity, especially among children and the elderly. A high priority for policy planning in the coming decades is to improve the ability of the health system to deal effectively with the changing health risks both in scale and spatial distribution. Objective and expected outcome: To understand the health implications of climate change, this component will examine detailed data on rainfall, temperature, and extreme weather events in Bangladesh and analyze the links between climate variability and incidence of climate-sensitive diseases. The second part will examine the implications of this assessment for the design of prevention and treatment policies. As the GoB needs to plan some of the health-related public expenditures in advance, this type of analysis could influence policy options in the next years. The analysis will also review existing health projects and studies on the costs of health interventions (planned actions) to reduce the incidence of disease and related mortality and morbidity, with a specific focus on areas that are expected to be most vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change. The study will test various methodological approaches for estimating the costs of dealing with major climate-sensitive diseases. The proposed research will make a major contribution to better public health policy making in the context of climate change adaptation in the region. Methodology and data: The study will undertake the following: Quantify the impact of climate variability and extreme events on the incidence of climatesensitive diseases using econometric models Project future health burdens, taking account of population growth and estimating the population at risk across space Estimate the costs of health adaptation, using project information to assess costs based on unit values multiplied by the target population living in vulnerable areas and by incidence of diseases Estimate the costs of health adaptation, including the costs of treating additional cases (reactive 32

43 adaptation) and the costs of taking preventive measures to reduce the incidence of disease (proactive adaptation) Estimate the costs of health adaptation, considering health outcomes, type of intervention (treatment or prevention), expected reduction in the incidence of mortality and morbidity in relation to all identified vector-borne diseases, and geographic region where the impact is expected Use cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis to assess whether these costs are reasonable Use data from various sources, such as national health surveys, weather station data, and various time-series disease-monitoring data. Updated status: The final draft of the study was discussed with key stakeholders in October The draft final report was prepared in close collaboration with local counterparts: the Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit at the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). This study was presented at a brown bag lunch at the World Bank headquarters in May 2013, which was organized by the South Asia chief economist s office. The feedback received was very positive. On October 9, 2013, a workshop was held in Dhaka to share the output of the AAA. The audience included the MoH, MoEF, think-tanks, research organizations, and academics. It was organized jointly with the Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit of the MoH. The study is expected to be finalized and launched in early (2) Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation Project number: P Grant amount: US$0.5 million Background: Projections by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) using various emissions scenarios suggest that the frequency and intensity of climate extremes will increase in the twenty-first century (WMO 2011; IPCC 2007). Heavily urbanized cities in low-lying deltas of Asia have been identified as hotspots that are especially vulnerable to climate risks (ADB 2008; IPCC 2007). In many such cities, flooding and waterlogging during the rainy season are already recurrent annual occurrence. Furthermore, poor inhabitants of these urban centers are among the most vulnerable, as large and densely populated conglomerations of slums and shanties are invariably located in areas of unplanned and unregulated development (World Bank 2010; UNFCCC 2008). It is anticipated that climate change will aggravate the vulnerability of major urban centers in Bangladesh to floods (GoB 2009; Alam 2004). However, only two studies (Alam and Rabbani 2007; Huq and Alam 2003) have been conducted on urban vulnerability to floods, and a joint study by the Collaborative Research on Flood Resilience in Urban Areas and the Institute of Water Modeling is under discussion to address the vulnerability of Dhaka City to floods and flood management. 1 A knowledge gap exists in the understanding of the impacts of climate change on other urban centers, especially the implications for marginalized segments of society and adaptation alternatives. 1 A literature survey identified a number of studies discussing the possibilities and constraints for urban centers in adapting to climate change that may be applicable to Bangladesh (Huraera 2009; McGranahan, Balk, and Anderson 2007; Satterthwaite et al. 2007). 33

44 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Objectives and expected outcome: The project seeks to assess the capacity of Dhaka metropolitan area to address current climate variability, predict climate change induced flooding and waterlogging, forecast changes in the depth and duration of location-specific waterlogging, and estimate potential damage. It will also identify adaptation options and define key policy priorities for decision makers in dealing with the impacts of climate change. Methodology and data: The analytical work will require the following: Evaluate the current knowledge base, including historical climate information, coping strategies, and local capacity to deal with natural disasters (especially related to flooding) Analyze the adequacy of existing infrastructure to current climate variability Assess climate change scenarios and their consequences Quantify the likely magnitude of social, environmental, and economic damages expected because of climate change and variability Identify the infrastructure and communities that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability Identify and assess appropriate alternative intervention scenarios and prioritize suitable interventions according to their effectiveness in reducing vulnerability to the threats from climate change and variability, as well as the associated costs and implementation potential within the institutional setting of the city Analyze the capacity and effectiveness of the city s government to deal with natural disasters (emergency prevention and preparedness, early warning system, emergency evacuation system, notification procedure) vis-à-vis international best practices and provide appropriate recommendations. The analysis will be based on geo-coded data on assets and activities, digital elevation models, as well as data on rainfall and drainage. This analytical work will be conducted by various agencies and think-tanks of Bangladesh in consultation with international experts. Updated status: A focus group discussion on potential adaptation measures for the greater Dhaka area, which was organized by the World Bank and the BCCRF, took place at the BRAC University on May 30, Participants discussed in detail location-specific potential adaptation measures for urban flooding in the current and changing climate for Eastern Dhaka, Western Dhaka-Goranchatbari, Western Dhaka-Kalyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, Dhaka- Narayanganj-Demra, and Narayanganj. A summary of the discussion was prepared and shared electronically with the MC on June 19, In September 2013, modeling of location-specific inundation depths was finalized. The options for adaptation suggested by the focus group are now being incorporated. In parallel, work is ongoing to compute potential damage for the housing sector from urban flooding in Dhaka and to estimate the costs of adaptation measures. The draft reports will be reviewed during April September 2014, the third stakeholders workshop is planned for August 2014 (after Eid and Ramadan), and the final reports will be delivered in the last quarter of

45 (3) Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char Noakhali Cross Dam Project number: P Grant amount: US$0.73 million Background: Cross dams are structures between naturally accreted chars (or islands) or a char and the mainland. They are meant to accelerate the natural accretion process and increase land areas. The proposal of the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) to construct Urir Char Noakhali Cross Dam was submitted for the first round of review. While the MC acknowledged the dam s potential impact on development, it also noted that environmental impacts need to be studied further. A study initiated in August 2010 (with Professor Mead Allison, associate director, Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas), revealed a considerable level of uncertainty in the results of the critical model. While some recommendations were provided to improve the modeling, the project still carries safeguard risks. During subsequent discussions and further consultation with Professor Ainun Nishat (vice chancellor of BRAC University), it was agreed that the BWDB should submit a request to the BCCRF to fund preparatory studies for this dam rather than request funds for construction; the MC approved the proposal for such studies in June Objectives and expected outcome: The main objective of the study is to update and finalize the detailed feasibility level of the Uri Char Noakahli Cross Dam, tender designs in the first phase, and provide a detailed design and implementation plan. The detailed feasibility report should include technical, institutional, and economic analysis, social and environmental impact assessment, and procurement and financial management, among other aspects that are required to obtain project approval by the GoB. Methodology and data: The study will involve an overall plan covering review of technical feasibility; economic analysis; updating of the environmental management plan; development of the social impact assessment and resettlement policy framework, if needed; development of a procurement, operation, and maintenance monitoring and evaluation framework; financial management; and packaging of contracts and preparation of detailed design. In particular, the study will investigate the following: Connectivity to be created between Urir Char Island and mainland Future accretion of new land to accommodate increasing population Climate-resilient infrastructure and livelihood opportunities of island communities Project benefits such as increased land for dwelling and production and direct overland road communications for island dwellers Negative impacts such as waterlogging in the Noakhali coast. Updated status: The terms of reference for developing the feasibility study have been completed and reviewed by a panel of multidisciplinary experts from the World Bank. The call for expressions of interest for consultancy was posted on the United Nations Development Business website in January More than 20 firms expressed interest in the consultancy. After a careful review by the BWDB, the Bank, and university experts, Haskoning DHV Nederland B. V. was selected through international competitive bidding in October The inception report has been prepared and presented to the BWDB. Comments from the Bank team and the BWDB are reflected in the final inception report and will be accommodated in the preparation phase. Delivery of the detailed feasibility report is expected in December

46 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF (4) Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka Project number: P Grant amount: US$0.3 million Background: According to the recent coastal city flood vulnerability index (CCFVI), which was developed by researchers from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, Dhaka is among the most climatevulnerable megacities in the world (Balica, Wright, and van der Meulen 2012). Some of the main risks associated with climate change in Dhaka include an increase in heat waves, exposure to tropical cyclones, and the frequency, extent, and duration of flooding. The ongoing AAA on Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate aims to assess the extent of increased flooding in the greater Dhaka area under different climate scenarios. Vulnerability to floods is exacerbated by high population densities and vital infrastructure. The urban poor (living in slums and shanty towns often situated in low-lying areas, working in the informal economy, and with few assets) are among the most vulnerable populations (GoB 2009; World Bank 2010). With rapid and unplanned urbanization, their vulnerability is likely to grow unless appropriate adaptation measures are put in place. Objectives and expected outcome: The main objective of the proposed activity is to build on the results of the ongoing AAA Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate and provide recommendations to the GoB for using innovative eco-engineering approaches to mitigating flood risk and adapting to climate change in the greater Dhaka area. Among the government, in particular, this study will target Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC), Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority, the BWDB, and the Dhaka City Development Authority. The study will be based on an in-depth analysis of the ecological and hydrological characteristics of the broader delta, peri-urban area, and city and the strategies and interventions for mitigating flood risks that are being currently used. The goal is to develop an innovative pilot activity that is cost-effective and sustainable. Deliverables of this AAA include interim outputs such as a review of international experience with adaptive management in a delta context and use of eco-engineering approaches to mitigate flood risk, historical analysis of flood risk management within a delta context in the greater Dhaka watershed, and institutional and organizational capacity assessment of flood risk mitigation in Dhaka. Methodology and data: The analysis will focus on the following: Assess urban flood risks in a delta context. Based on a review of existing literature, extensive field visits, and stakeholder consultations, the study will assess the main ecological and hydrological characteristics of the area at the level of the delta, peri-urban area, and city. Analyze the existing system for flood protection, ecosystems management, and governance. This component will undertake an in-depth assessment of infrastructural and other approaches currently being used to manage floods at the city level, the extent to which they have been effective, challenges in the existing network of flood management infrastructure, and associated costs of these interventions. Design an eco-engineering pilot. Based on the analysis conducted and extensive discussions with stakeholders, the study will propose a pilot demonstrating how flood risks can be reduced through a combination of the following: Undertaking infrastructural, non-infrastructural, and ecosystems-based interventions, including modifying existing structures to improve the capacity of river systems 36

47 Identifying interventions that should be undertaken at different scales at the city level, in peri-urban areas, and at the broader delta level Assessing the impacts (reduced flood risks and other co-benefits) of innovative interventions interventions and the feasibility of carrying them out in the current institutional context. Updated status: The MC approved the proposal in November 2012, and a project concept note was still in draft status as of the end of A consultation mission is confirmed for the second week of February Determining the costs and associated implementation arrangements of the proposed (5) Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards Project number: P Grant amount: US$0.2 million Background: The GoB has not sufficiently managed the fiscal risks associated with natural disasters and climate change because of the following issues related to the quality and type of information available to decision makers: Inaccurate measurement of losses means that calculations are inaccurate and the direct and indirect economic and social costs of disasters are not properly accounted for in fiscal policy. Complexity and uncertainty of risk analysis mean that it is difficult for decision makers to use information. Lack of such data further compromises the development of risk-financing strategies, including reserve funds, contingent loan agreements, and affordable insurance. Objectives and expected outcome: The main objective is to analyze various institutional and financial aspects for creating a disaster risk financing and insurance strategy for Bangladesh. The study will discuss a series of complementary options for a national disaster risk financing strategy, based on a preliminary fiscal risk analysis and a review of the current budget management of natural disasters in Bangladesh. The results of this study will serve as a tool for the GoB as it develops longterm comprehensive risk management practices. Methodology and data: The proposed study plans to include the following four components. Component A: Natural disaster risk management data Current national disaster risk management strategy: What are the challenges around the existing strategy? Legal framework for emergency declaration: What is the legal framework for declaring a state of emergency? National disaster response: What is the GoB s response to natural disasters? Risk assessment and modeling: Have risk assessment and modeling been done in Bangladesh? Post-disaster needs assessment: How are postdisaster needs assessed and by which GoB entity? Component B: Fiscal risk management of natural disasters Contingent liability of the GoB: What are the legal and stated contingent liabilities associated with disasters of the GoB? 37

48 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Fiscal risk assessment of natural disaster shocks: Is the GoB required to assess its fiscal exposure to natural disasters in its fiscal risk assessment? Ex post emergency budget reallocation: What is the GoB s ex post budget reallocation process? Annual contingency budget: What portion of the GoB s annual budget is allocated to its contingency budget for unforeseen events and other contingent budget lines? Ex post external assistance: What is the level of the GoB s dependency on external donors to finance natural disasters? Ex ante natural disaster financing: Is there a dedicated budget line for natural disasters? Ex ante contingent debt: Does the GoB use any contingent debt instruments? Ex ante insurance for public assets: Does the GoB purchase any insurance for public assets? Risk transfer through capital markets: Does the GoB use any instruments to transfer risk directly to the capital markets? Component C: Institutional roles and responsibilities at the federal and local government levels Institutional framework: What are the legal financial responsibilities of central and local governments associated with natural disasters? Budget execution: Is there a special (streamlined) budget execution system in case of disasters? Component D: Domestic catastrophe insurance market Property catastrophe insurance market: For what perils or market segments is catastrophe insurance available? Regulatory environment: Are insurance regulations set domestically, or is there a regional regulatory body? Agricultural insurance: Is agricultural insurance (crop, livestock, forestry, and aquaculture) offered? Updated status: The MC approved the proposal in November The team is considering building on a similar ongoing ADB study and will develop the project concept after learning the status of the ADB study. 2 2 In January 2014, it became clear that this AAA was similar in scope to research being conducted by the ADB. (6) Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling Project number: P Grant amount: US$0.3 million Andrew Biraj Background: Climate change is a serious global threat. Initial experiences with adaptations in various countries show that early adaptation is effective for avoiding damage, provided the projections of future climate change are sufficiently accurate. Delayed adaptation, perhaps due to uncertainty, may lead to greater subsequent costs. Hence, integration of climate risk information in planning is now a priority for policy makers, public investment planners, environmental agencies, and donors. However, 38 despite significant technical advances in forecasts of global mean temperatures for the next two to three decades, uncertainty about future climate variability at the subcontinental, national, and subnational scales is still significant (IPCC 2007). Direct uses of the global climate model (GCM) outputs are often not appropriate for adaptation planning due to their coarse spatial and temporal resolution. Hence, bridging the gap between the resolution of climate models and regional and local processes poses a

49 major problem. In recent years, as policy makers are calling for more information on local climate change scenarios, various statistical downscaling methods for example, pattern scaling, weather generation, and empirical downscaling are used to provide finerresolution climate scenarios for modeling impacts. These downscaling methods are founded on statistical methods for characterizing present and future climate behavior at regional scale and depend on GCM outputs to run future scenarios. Objectives and expected outcome: To understand the implications of climate change, this AAA will draw on a partnership among the World Bank, the Nature Conservancy, Climate Central, and Santa Clara University to produce statistical downscaled GCM projections for temperature and precipitation for Bangladesh on a spatial grid of 0.5 in latitude by 0.5 of longitude (approximately 50 by 50 kilometers) for the time periods , , and To capture the uncertainty of the extent of climate change, nine GCMs, some with multiple runs for three different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, will be considered. Methodology and data: The daily time-scale biascorrected spatial disaggregation (BCSD) downscaling method will be used. Wood et al. (2002, 2004) describe the monthly version of this method. A daily variant of the BCSD similar to that of Abatzoglou and Brown (2011) will be used. The downscaling, bias correction, and trend preservation will use historically observed daily meteorological observation. The scope of study will include average (average climate value during future time change), departure (difference between the historic baseline average climate value and future average climate value), and p-value (statistical significance of change between the historic baseline average climate value and future average climate value). Component A: Temperature-based climate metrics Monthly mean of daily maximum/minimum temperatures Maximum/minimum temperature for the month and year Maximum temperature exceeding the hottest 10 percent of all days per year Very warm/cold days (percent) Very warm/cold nights (percent) Heat wave duration index. Component B: Precipitation-based climate metrics Total precipitation for the month and the year Largest number of consecutive dry days (precipitation less than 1 millimeter) per year Number of dry periods per month and year Percent of wet days per year Precipitation percent per year Maximum five-day precipitation total per year Simple daily precipitation index (mean daily precipitation on wet days). Updated status: The MC approved the proposal in November A project concept note was prepared and circulated to the MC members on April 21, The project concept note was virtually reviewed, and responses to the comments received during the review process were filed by May 14, In June 2013, the team compiled downscaled projections for temperature and precipitation on a spatial grid of kilometers for different future time periods using different climate models and alternative climate scenarios. A technical workshop planned for the last quarter of 2013 was postponed due to the political unrest. It is now planned for the first quarter of

50 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Scott Wallace / World Bank 40

51 REFERENCES 41

52 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF REFERENCES Abatzoglou, J. T., and T. J. Brown A Comparison of Statistical Downscaling Methods Suited for Wildfire Applications. International Journal of Climatology 31 (8): doi: /joc ADB (Asian Development Bank) Climate Change ADB Programs: Strengthening Mitigation and Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific. Manila: Asian Development Bank. Alam, Mozaharul Adverse Impacts of Climate Change on Development of Bangladesh: Integrating Adaptation into Policies and Activities. Capacity Strengthening in the Least Developed Countries for Adaptation to Climate Change Working Paper 1, International Institute for Environment and Development, London; Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, Dhaka. Alam, Mozaharul, and M. D. Golam Rabbani Vulnerabilities and Responses to Climate Change for Dhaka. Environment and Urbanization 19 (1): Balica, Stefania, Nigel George Wright, and Frank van der Meulen A Flood Vulnerability Index for Coastal Cities and Its Use in Assessing Climate Change Impacts. Natural Hazards 64 (1): GoB (Government of Bangladesh) Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan Dhaka: Ministry of Environment and Forests. Huq, Saleemul, and Mozaharul Alam Flood Management and Vulnerability of Dhaka City. In Building Safer Cities: The Future of Disaster Risk, Disaster Risk Management Series 3, Paper Washington, DC: World Bank. Huraera, J., Urban Poverty, Adaptation to Climate Change, and the Built Environment. Presentation made at the Third International Conference on Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change, Dhaka, Bangladesh, February IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Geneva: IPCC Secretariat. McGranahan, Gordon, Deborah Balk, and Bridget Anderson The Rising Tide: Assessing the Risks of Climate Change and Human Settlements in Low Elevation Coastal Zones. Environment and Urbanization 19 (1):

53 Satterthwaite, David, Saleemul Huq, Mark Pelling, Hannah Reid, and Patricia Romero Lankao Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas: The Possibilities and Constraints in Low- and Middle-Income Nations. Human Settlements Discussion Paper, Theme: Climate Change and Cities 1. London: International Institute for Environment and Development. UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) Physical and Socio-economic Trends in Climate-Related Risks and Extreme Events, and Their Implications for Sustainable Development. Technical Paper FCCC/TP/2008/3, UNFCC, 20 November. World Bank Managing Climate Risk: Integrating Adaptation into World Bank Group Operations. Global Environment Facility Program Paper 37462, World Bank, Washington, DC Climate Risks and Adaptation in Asian Coastal Megacities: A Synthesis Report. Prepared in collaboration between the ADB, JICA, and the World Bank. Washington, DC: World Bank Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience. Washington, DC: World Bank. WMO (World Meteorological Organization) Weather Extremes in a Changing Climate: Hindsight on Foresight. Geneva: WMO. Wood, Andrew W., Lai R. Leung, V. R. Sridhar, and Dennis Lettenmaier Hydrologic Implications of Dynamical and Statistical Approaches to Downscaling Climate Model Outputs. Climatic Change 62 (1-3): Wood, Andrew W., Edwin P. Maurer, Arun Kumar, and D. P. Lettenmaier Long-Range Experimental Hydrologic Forecasting for the Eastern U.S. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (D20): ACL

54 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Sjors737 Dreamstime.com 44

55 ANNEXES 45

56 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF BCCRF 46

57 ANNEXES Annex 1. BCCRF Governance and Roles The BCCRF is an innovative partnership of the GoB, development partners, and the World Bank to address the impacts of climate change. Leadership in implementing the BCCRF rests with the GoB, in collaboration with the development partners and the World Bank. The multidonor partnership is designed to generate optimum impact with minimum transaction costs, enabling the GoB to channel grant funds to millions of Bangladeshis to strengthen their resilience to the effects of climate change. GC s primary responsibility is to provide guidance on the program s strategic goals, including approval of project proposals, ensuring alignment with the GoB s climate change strategy, setting grant criteria, and providing guidance on the eventual transfer of the BCCRF Secretariat function from the World Bank to the MoEF. Figure 1. BCCRF Governance Structure and Roles BCCRF s governance structure consists of three tiers: (i) Governing Council (GC), (ii) Management Committee (MC), and (iii) Secretariat (figure 1). (i) Governing Council: The GC provides overall strategic direction and guidance to the BCCRF and ensures that it is aligned with the BCCSAP. It is a high-level committee chaired by the minister of environment and forests and comprises the ministers of agriculture, finance, food and disaster management, foreign affairs, water resource, and women s and children affairs; secretaries from the Prime Minister s Office, the MoEF, the ERD of the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Planning; two representatives from the contributing development partners; two representatives from civil society; and the country director of the World Bank Dhaka Office as an observer. As of December 2013, the DFID and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) were chosen as development partner representatives. (ii) Management Committee: The MC is a small technical committee chaired by the secretary of the MoEF. Members include two other representatives from the MoEF (joint secretary for development and deputy secretary for environment); one representative from the ERD (additional secretary) and one from the 47

58 Planning Commission (General Economic Division); two representatives from the contributing development partners; one representative from the World Bank; and one representative from civil society. The MC s primary responsibilities are to (1) carry out detailed reviews of grant requests submitted by the Secretariat; (2) ensure that grant requests submitted are in line with the agreed implementation manual; and (3) recommend projects to the GC. The MC also reviews and endorses the implementation manual, the work program, budget allocations, and reports prepared by the Secretariat for submission to the GC prior to public dissemination. If funding is required for project preparation, the MC recommends the amount to the GC. (iii) Secretariat: On February 23, 2011, the MC approved the establishment of a BCCRF Secretariat at the MoEF so that it may eventually administer BCCRF activities. The GC approved an allocation of US$0.2 million on May 19, 2011, for establishing the Secretariat. As described in section (2), all the staff members who were scheduled to come on board had been appointed by the end of In addition to the eight staff members, a joint secretary of the MoEF was appointed as BCCRF project director as of July The BCCRF Secretariat s main functions include day-to-day support to the MC and GC, advocacy, communications, donor coordination, program-level monitoring and evaluation, and preparation and implementation of the eventual transfer of BCCRF Secretariat functions from the Bank to the MoEF. Since the recruitment of Secretariat staff was delayed, the World Bank BCCRF core team initially performed a large part of the Secretariat function, but as Secretariat staff are hired, the Bank team will build their capacities to carry out the functions of the Secretariat. Among the functions listed in Figure 1, the BCCRF Secretariat will screen proposals, coordinate pipeline projects, and coordinate GC and MC meetings as soon as their capacity is built. (v) Roles of the World Bank: The World Bank is responsible for satisfying due diligence requirements for the BCCRF. The World Bank ensures that BCCRF resources for project implementation and other activities are used in accordance with (a) economy, keeping costs low; (b) efficiency, ensuring that the BCCRF gets the most out of the expenditures; and (c) effectiveness, ensuring that monies are used for the intended purposes and toward the targeted results. To pursue these principles, the World Bank is performing three functions, as shown in Figure 1: (1) Secretariat function, as described in the paragraph above, (2) trustee function, and (3) task team function, which is performed by task teams led by technical specialists (for example, agriculture, energy, environment) as TTLs and team members (procurement specialists, financial management specialists, safeguard specialists, and lawyers). The World Bank was selected to perform these functions because of its extensive experience in managing trust funds. As of June 30, 2013, the World Bank Group held US$28.9 billion in trust, which is about the same level as the previous fiscal year. Among active trust funds of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the IDA, multidonor trust funds such as BCCRF account for 52 percent, and their share has increased for five consecutive years. In addition, the World Bank is well positioned to share its analytical and technical advisory experience on international best practices in development. Hence, it is also providing analytical work, knowledge management, and technical assistance for implementing the BCCSAP via BCCRF. (vi) National implementing entities: As shown in Figure 1, Bangladesh currently does not have institution(s) that can directly access financial resources such as the Adaptation Fund established under the Kyoto Protocol. In climate change finance, institutions that have the capacity to access funding directly are called national implementing entities (NIEs). As of December 2013, 15 countries had NIEs accredited under the Adaptation Fund of the Kyoto Protocol. The GoB needs to choose an NIE candidate because this approach will increase the level of ownership, oversight, and involvement in adaptation activities and create stronger accountability of the country to funds such as the BCCRF and greater flexibility in using global financial mechanisms such 48

59 as the Adaptation Fund, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and the Green Climate Fund. However, global financial mechanisms such as the Adaptation Fund and GEF s direct access modality normally require a sufficient track record of a few decades. Thus establishing a new institution is not a viable option. However, existing government institutions and NGOs that meet NIE criteria could become potential candidates for consideration. The functions of the BCCRF Secretariat will eventually be transferred from the World Bank BCCRF core team to the newly established the BCCRF Secretariat in the MoEF. For this transfer to succeed, capacity building is needed in a wide range of areas (fiduciary, reporting, communications, monitoring, and evaluation). This process has to be coordinated with the MoEF s capacitybuilding initiatives supported by other donor partners, including the process of GoB s NIE identification. Annex 2. Results Framework (June 2013) Objective 1: GOB demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MOEF Outcomes Outcome Indicators Outputs Output Indicators Outcome 1. 1 Demonstrated capacity of Secretariat to lead governing committees Outcome 1. 2 Demonstrated capacity of Secretariat to manage and provide oversight on BCCRF activities Outcome 1.3 Demonstrated capacity of Secretariat to measure and report on BCCRF results achieved. 1.1 % of meetings where decisions have been formally agreed to or signed off by GOB % investment proposals where Secretariat guides sector organizations to submit quality proposals Level and quality human resources and fiduciary due diligence associated with Secretariat activities 1.3 % of indicators that are measured annually using verifiable means Output 1.1 MC and GC meetings focus on decisions and follow up Output Sector guides and prioritization criteria made available to sector organizations Output Human resources and fiduciary systems are in place and functional in Secretariat Output A program Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system in place to track BCCRF progress 1.1 % of decisions made in MC and GC meetings followed up or completed through other means, such as agreement to endorse decision on an issue or drop them % of investment proposals aligned with the sector guides % of investment proposals reviewed through lens of prioritization criteria Number of qualified human resources recruited % of annual procurement transactions and financial audits completed % of indicators from M&E system that are reported on to track BCCRF progress Number of quarterly monitoring reports on BCCRF progress produced and disseminated 49

60 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Objective 1: GOB demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MOEF (continuation) Outcomes Outcome Indicators Outputs Output Indicators Outcome 1.4 Demonstrated capacity of Secretariat to contribute to wider communication, coordination and knowledge sharing with multiple stakeholders, including donors and NGOs 1.4 % of stakeholders groups who report satisfaction with level of communication, coordination and knowledge sharing offered through/by BCCRF Output Communication plan includes activities on communications outreach and dissemination of knowledge Output LCG and other platforms are capitalized upon to enhance coordination and share lessons among the stakeholders % of annual activities endorsed in communication plan that are implemented on time Number of LCG related meetings or workshops in which best practices and lessons from BCCRF initiatives are discussed and acted upon Objective 2: BCCRF Investments contribute to climate resiliency of targeted vulnerable population Outcome 2.1 BCCRF incentivizes investments that are innovative in a climate change program. Outcome 2.2 Improved resilience to climate change effects in targeted population 2.1 % of proposals approved that are innovative 2.2 Demonstrated climate change resiliency measures adopted with BCCRF financing Output 2.1 Innovative proposals submitted Output Households in climate vulnerable areas with increased access to food Output Farmers adopting climate adaptive agriculture Output Climate resilient infrastructure assets created Output Farmers with access to clean energy services Output Area covered under afforestation and reforestation program in climate vulnerable areas Output More Community jobs in forestry sector in climate vulnerable areas Output Community based sub-grants awarded Output Community mechanisms established and functioning to respond effectively to specific climate risk 2.1 % of proposals submitted that are innovative No. of households in climate vulnerable areas with increased access to food No. of farmers adopting climate adaptive agriculture No. of climate resilient infrastructure assets created No. of farmers with access to clean energy services Area restored or re/ afforested (in hectares) Community jobs (million days) created through afforestation/ reforestation program No. of community based sub-grants awarded % of communities where mechanisms are established and functioning in selected communities to respond effectively to specific climate risk 50

61 Objective 3: GOB demonstrates strategic leadership on national climate change policy and global climate financing Outcomes Outcome Indicators Outputs Outcome 3.1 Increased capacity of entity within and outside government to submit proposal for NIE accreditation Outcome 3.2 Increased knowledge and lessons learnt to inform climate change policy Outcome 3.3 Bangladesh is considered an international model for implementing sound climate change adaptation solutions 3.1 No. of entities who submit draft NIE packages using UNFCCC* guidelines to GOB for review 3.2 No of policy recommendations from BCCRF activities 3.3 No. of requests by other countries to GoB to provide lessons learned on climate change adaptation * UNFCCC- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Output 3.1 Proposals submitted from potential candidates in line with UNFCCC guidelines Output 3.2 Mechanisms for knowledge management and policy dialogue are in place Output 3.3 Lessons offered through written or other means 51

62 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Annex 3. BCCRF Reporting Framework (December 31, 2013) Target Values Target value Yr 5, Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) Freq. Objective 1: GOB demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MOEF Output 1.1 MC and GC meetings focus on decisions and follow up Data Source/ Methodology Output Indicator 1.1 Percentage of outstanding issues followed up or completed i.e. such as agreement to endorse issues or Percentage of outstanding issues followed up 25% Target value: 40% Since the MOEF secretariat was still leanly staffed when the GC meeting took place in June 2013, the minutes were prepared by the Bank team, and is unable to show the capacity of MOEF secretariat such as following up decisions or to endorse decision on issues. drop them Output Prioritization criteria made available to sector organizations Output Indicator No. of investment 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year proposals and beyond) Percentage of reviewed that investment proposals meet prioritization reviewed that meet criteria prioritization criteria Output Human resources and fiduciary systems are in place and functional in Secretariat Output Indicator No of staff recruited Number of qualified human resources recruited 0 Target value: 3 As of December 31, 2013, the five staff members below are on board: 1. Climate Change Technical Advisor (since May 2013) 2. Climate Change Managerial Advisor (since October 2012) 3. Financial Management consultant (since October 2012, and another staff since December 2013) 4. Procurement consultant (since December 2013) 5. Junior consultant (since May 2013) In addition to the five members above, a Joint Secretary of MoEF leads the team as the Director. Three other people are employed as assistant, driver, and messenger. 90% Annual Minutes of MC and GC meetings Follow up documents (e.g. letters written etc) 100% Annual MC meeting minutes, Project evaluation documents 10 Annual Secretariat / Capacity Building project progress report, aide memoires, procurement plans Responsibility for Data Collection WB team (Yr 1), Secretariat with the support of WB Team (Yr 2) and secretariat (Yr 3 onwards) Secretariat Secretariat and WB team 52

63 Target Values Target value Yr 5, Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) Output 1.3 A program Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system in place to track BCCRF progress Output Indictor 1.3 No of quarterly 0 Target value: 2 Number of quarterly reports prepared Three quarterly reports were issued in CY2013. monitoring reports and disseminated Reporting period Circulation on BCCRF progress Jan-July 2013 Jul 12, 2013 produced and July -Nov 8, 2013 Nov. 9, 2013 disseminated Nov9-Dec 31, 2013 Jan.27, 2014 Freq. Data Source/ Methodology 4 Quarterly Quarterly Monitoring Report Output 1.4 LCG and other platforms are capitalized upon to enhance coordination and share lessons among the stakeholders Output Indicator 1.4 No of meetings 0 Target value: 1 4 Annual LCG meeting Number of LCG relating to best During the LCG meeting held on May 20, 2013, agenda and related meetings practices and in which the necessity of a common platform for minutes or workshops in lessons learned climate change capacity building was discussed, which best practices there was a suggestion to conduct an assessment and lessons from of pre-bccrf / post-bccrf capacity gaps regarding BCCRF initiatives are internal coordination among GoB Ministries. discussed and acted upon Objective 2: BCCRF Investments contribute to climate resiliency of targeted vulnerable population Output 2.1 Innovative proposals submitted Output Indicator 2.1 % of proposals 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 3 50% Annual Evaluation % of proposals which clearly and beyond) of Proposals submitted that articulates the submitted are innovative (as innovation a% of all projects submitted) Output Households in climate vulnerable areas with increased access to food Output Indicator Thousand tons 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year and beyond) Incremental public storage capacity for food grain (This indicator measures the aggregate storage capacity of a total of eight public silos) 300 Annual Progress Reports of the Silos project and Aide Memoires Responsibility for Data Collection WB team (Yr 1), Secretariat with the support of WB Team (Yr 2) and secretariat (Yr 3 onwards) Secretariat Secretariat with the support of WB (Yr 2) Secretariat (Yr 3 onwards) Silos Project PMU, Third party verification 53

64 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Target Values Target value Yr 5, Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) Output Farmers adopting climate adaptive agriculture Output Indicator (Preparation for the agriculture project is underway, and indicators are not agreed yet) Output Climate resilient infrastructure assets created Output Indicator No. of climate 0 Target value: resilient assets As of Dec. 31, 2013, 4 cyclone shelters completed No. of climate construction under BCCRF. resilient infrastructure assets created (cyclone shelters) Output Farmers with access to clean energy services Output Indicator No. of solar 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year irrigation pumps and beyond) No. of solar irrigation installed pumps installed Output Areas covered under afforestation and reforestation program in climate vulnerable areas Output Indicator Hectare (Ha) re/ 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year afforested and beyond) Cumulative area restored or re/ afforested (in Hectare) Output More community jobs in forestry sector in climate vulnerable areas Output Indicator percentage 0% (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year Increased and beyond) household income of beneficiaries participating in alternative income-generating activities Freq. Data Source/ Methodology Annual ECRRP Project Progress Report and Aide Memoires 810 Annual Solar Project Progress Report and Aide Memoires 17,000 Annual Progress report of Forestry Project, 3rd party monitoring, Remote sensing and GIS mapping 70% Annual Progress report of Forestry Project and 3rd party verification Responsibility for Data Collection LGED PMU for cyclone shelter project IDCOL BFD, Independent Monitoring Firm BFD, Independent Monitoring Firm 54

65 Target Values Target value Yr 5, Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) Freq. Output Community based sub-grants awarded Output Indicator No. sub-grants 0 Target value: The first 11 CBOs under CCCP signed contracts in Total numbers of late October, community based sub-grants awarded Output Community mechanisms established and functioning to respond effectively to specific climate risk Output Indicator % of community 5% (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year based and beyond) Percentage of organizations communities for which mechanisms are established and functioning to respond effectively to specific climate risk (as a % of total CBOs) Objective 3: GOB demonstrates strategic leadership on national climate change policy and global climate financing Output 3.1 Mechanisms for knowledge management and policy dialogue are in place Data Source/ Methodology Annual Progress report of CCCP and Aide Memoires 70% Annual Progress report of CCCP and Aide Memoires Responsibility for Data Collection PKSF PKSF Output Indicator 3.1 No. of knowledge management activities (including Bank executed AAAs or other important policy workshops/ papers) undertaken on sector analyses and or lessons learnt from Bangladesh No. of knowledge activities 0 Target value: 3 During CY2013, three blog articles were uploaded on the website Saving Lives from Cyclone Mahasen in Bangladesh (June 16, 2013) Becoming a Forest Savior : Community Participation for Conservation (Nov. 4, 2013) Bangladesh: The Most Climate Vulnerable Country (Nov. 21, 2013) 10 Annual Annual reports Bank and Secretariat 55

66 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Target Values Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) Output 3.2 Lessons offered through written or other means Output Indicator Number of 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year learning events/ and beyond) No. of events and documents papers through which GOB provides lessons from BCCRF Output Indicator No. of articles in international and national media on BCCRF activities and results Number of media articles 0 Target value: 5 By Dec 31, 2013 the following five articles related to BCCRF were featured in national newspapers. (1) News Today: Mainstreaming Climate Change (Dec.13) (2) Dhaka Tribune: Rely on own funds, GOB set up BCCRF in 2010 (Dec 1) (3) Financial Express:11 NGOs sign contract under CCCP (Oct 29) (4) Financial Express: Signing ceremony for Solar Irrigation (Oct1) (5) The Independent: Progress of BCCRF afforestation (Aug 29) Target value Yr 5, Freq. Data Source/ Methodology Responsibility for Data Collection 4 Annual Media articles Documentary evidence of lessons provided Proceedings of workshops and conferences Annual Report Secretariat 12 Annual Media articles Secretariat 56

67 Annex 4. Communications BANGLADESH THE MOST CLIMATE VULNERABLE COUNTRY Submitted by Arastoo Khan On Thu, 11/21/2013 On a Path Towards Climate Resilience Two recent key reports The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change s Fifth Assessment Report [1] and World Bank s Turn Down the Heat [2] reveal longterm implications for Bangladesh [3]and its people from probable catastrophic impacts of climate change. Both paint a very dismal scenario of the future as climate change continues to take its toll. The earth faces a temperature rise of at least 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels requiring firm and coordinated action to benefit all countries. This was not the only bad news. The recently released sixth annual Climate Change Vulnerability Index [4], (Maplecroft) revealed that Bangladesh would feel the economic impacts of climate change most intensely and that our capital Dhaka would be one of the five most climate vulnerable cities in the world. Having seen the impacts of climate change in our lifetime across agro-climactic zones in Bangladesh, our Government had prudently initiated a series of policies and actions for a climate resilient economy. The strategy is simple to make livelihoods of the poorest/vulnerable populations climate resilient, so that the national economy is insulated from climate change and becomes a foundation to vigorously pursue sustainable development. Our national guiding policy included deliberations and consultations between communities across agro-climactic zones; academic experts and climate practitioners; multi- and bi-lateral development partners; small community-based organizations, national/international NGOs; and local governments and national entities. The outcome of these deliberations Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP), 2009 includes a ten-year program to build country capacity and resilience to meet climate change challenges over the next few decades. It also provides an action plan for integrating climate change issues into sustainable development. Like the Sendai Dialogue, which attempts to mainstream disaster risk management in the planning process, the Planning Ministry of Bangladesh has integrated poverty-environment-climatic linkages in the national planning process, documents and guidelines. This underscores the seriousness of the Government in taking a comprehensive approach in tackling the climate change as it affects the poor in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is the first country to have developed such a detailed climate resilience program. However, putting BCCSAP into practice necessitated two key factors strengthened institutions with adequate human resources, and adequate funds. For this, a Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) was established in May 2010, with a total pledge of US$ 190 million grant (as of today) and financial support from the European Union and the governments of Australia, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and USA. Administered through the World Bank, the BCCRF has a robust two-tier governance system Governing Council for overall strategic direction and guidance to the BCCRF, and Management Committee for its working. A BCCRF Secretariat is now being established with World Bank support in the Ministry of Environment and Forests to strengthen the institution with adequate human resources. It will be tasked to select projects, mobilize resources from development partners and work as a front office of the Government in handling the evolving climate change issues. Climate resilience may apparently appear imprecise and confusing. We are changing that through outreach 57

68 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF and a people-centric approach. BCCRF is expected to reach several million beneficiaries and its impact is already being felt in several key sectors. This is made possible by its innovative and transparent climate finance mechanism, as well as unique engagement of civil society receiving an agreed ratio of the total grant/ financing through a dedicated funding window. BCCRF s approach encompasses poor and remote communities and diversified implementation through several government agencies and civil society organizations across multiple climate vulnerable sectors. The funds are used to support projects using solar energy for irrigation, constructing multi-purpose cyclone shelters in disaster-prone areas serving as primary schools round the year and as shelters in times of disaster. Projects linked to allaying climate change have been financed to enhancing green forest cover, promoting climateresilient agriculture, expanding food security via public silos, and through socio-economic empowerment of climate vulnerable communities. It aims to support over 30 NGOs to develop innovative community-based adaptation solutions for making the lives of the poor more climate resilient. Our Government has been allocating, year on year, huge resources to build an endowment fund to support small climate change adaptation initiatives in research of saline-resistant crop, seeds involving shorter harvest cycle and adaptation of livelihoods, including migration of people displaced due to climate change. Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund, as it is called, received in three successive years allocations of US$100 million each year from its exchequer through its national budget. Despite the initiatives, the three studies point out, Bangladesh remains vulnerable and its people will face severe economic hardships from climate change impacts in the coming years. Bangladesh will need additional funds as grants and soft loans, to further strengthen a climate resilient and lowcarbon economy. We have a national policy framework BCCSAP and a National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) that prioritize adaptation and we are continuously improving our institutional mechanisms. What we lack is adequate and sustainable flow of resources to meet the demands of our climate vulnerable communities. Are there any committed and interested long-term partners out there willing to join us in our efforts? BECOMING A FOREST SAVIOR : COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FOR CONSERVATION Submitted by Faria Selim On Mon, 11/04/2013 The forest is an integral part of my life and only source of income. We exploited it until we saw people killed in landslides in the neighboring areas. Gradually we became aware of the consequences of unplanned felling of trees. Now we protect our forest alongside the Forest Department. I own two hectares of forest land and they pay for its maintenance. I have earned a good amount after the first felling, says a proud Sabbir, participant from a social forestry initiative of the Government of Bangladesh, Ukhiarghat, Cox s Bazar. The Government of Bangladesh initiated the Social Forestry programs with a view to meet the forest product requirements of the local population, reverse the process of ecological and climatic degradation through proper soil and water conservation, and also to improve the socioeconomic condition of the rural people. Forests are the primary buffer against cyclones, storms and surges for over 16 million people living in the vulnerable coastal zone of Bangladesh. Over the last three decades, forests in Bangladesh have declined by 2.1% annually, accumulating to almost half of all forest cover, 58

69 The project aims to expand climate resilient afforestation and reforestation; build livelihood resilience among the vulnerable communities; and enhance the capacity of the Forest Department. The Bangladesh Forest Department and Arannayk Foundation will jointly work for the afforestation and reforestation of 16,000 hectares of land and 1,672 km of strip plantings. Realizing that community engagement, for forest conservation in the coastal and hilly areas, is critical to the sustainability of any afforestation project, following a transparent selection process, local communities will adopt locally tried and tested nursery and plantation techniques with improved forest management practices. This will increase household income of beneficiaries participating in alternative income-generating activities, while conserving the forests and reducing forest dependency. The project will reach 46,000 beneficiaries of which at least 30% will be women. These resilience approaches are cost effective, will provide multiple socio-economic and environmental co-benefits, and enhance carbon stock..thinkstock.com due to deforestation, illegal logging and harvesting, slashand-burn agriculture, conversion into non-forestland for settlement, farming, recreation and industries. With the likely increased incidence and intensity of extreme cyclonic events, efforts must focus on reversing the decline in forests in order to adequately safeguard people against threats induced by climate change. The Government of Bangladesh has mobilized multiple donors through an innovative institutional arrangement called the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) [1]. Under BCCRF, the Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project [2] is a timely initiative to complement Bangladesh s commitment towards forest conservation. The direct benefits to one of the communities involved in Forest Department s social forestry initiative are impressive. An investment of $4,800 on 100 hectares, allocated to 50 members returned $16,900. After the final harvest, the participants will receive 45%t of the revenue, the government 45%, and 10% will go to the Tree Farming Fund for future plantations. I m a widow with two children. I had to depend on the forest for a meager living. Then I received training on homestead gardening and am now a regular worker at the forest department s nursery with a substantial income, both of my children now go to school, shares a content Rekha, from an alternative livelihood project in Pinijerkul, Cox s Bazar. Most of the inhabitants of Pinijerkul have similar stories of change in their lives. They are now self-dependent, aware of the issues of soil erosion, biodiversity and climate change. They are our forest saviors. 59

70 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF SAVING LIVES FROM CYCLONE MAHASEN IN BANGLADESH Submitted by Masood Ahmad On Sun, 06/16/2013 co-authors: Shahpar Selim, K.M. Maqsoodul Mannan While Bangladesh played host to yet another deadly cyclone on May 17th, 2013, cyclone shelters provided a critical first line of defense to thousands of poor communities living along the remote coastline of the country. A million poor people fled from their homes to seek refuge before cyclone Mahasen struck the coast. The cyclone impacted 8 coastal districts with flooding and water logging, caused 17 fatalities and damaged about half a million households. Tropical cyclones and accompanying storm surges emerging in the Bay of Bengal can be deadly and cause massive damage. The cyclones in the 70s and 90s were the worst in terms of storm surge height and lives lost. 300,000 died in the 1970 cyclone and 138,882 in 1991, leaving entire communities scarred for life. The more recent cyclones in 2007 (SIDR) and 2009 (AILA) were responsible for 3,363 and 190 deaths, respectively. However, over the years, the government of Bangladesh has made significant strides to minimize the loss of lives and assets in the cyclone-prone coastal districts. In addition to improving disaster preparedness, the construction of cyclone shelters is a high priority for Bangladesh, which the World Bank has been supporting through the Emergency Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECCRP). The project was designed to assist in the recovery from SIDR damage to livelihoods and infrastructure; support the construction of cyclone shelters and build long term disaster preparedness in climate vulnerable areas. The project focuses on providing greater protection to vulnerable populations and livestock in the cyclone prone areas by constructing new multipurpose shelters; improving existing shelters and making roads to enable communities to access safe shelters during cyclones. Since the start of the project, the Local Government Engineering Department has upgraded 240 existing shelters and constructed 12 new shelters using funds from IDA, Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction (GFDRR), Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW), and the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). While cyclone Mahasen was approaching Bangladesh, the government activated cyclone preparedness measures at the local and central levels. According to post cyclone reports, 1,668 cyclone shelters were used to give shelter to 483,300 people. All the cyclones shelters built and improved through the ECCRP were ready to offer refugee to people and 40,219 people in the most vulnerable areas were saved, along with their livestock. Mahasen also served to test the structural durability and functional design of the ECRRP shelters. Design features such as separate floors for livestock, separate rooms for pregnant women, gender marked toilets, store rooms, enhanced toilet facilities with soak pits and septic tanks, emergency water supply (tube wells), first aid facilities, solar lights, rain water harvesting and tree plantation are features unique to the ECRRP shelters. Inputs from the stakeholders were taken on how the shelters will be designed and operated during normal times and when cyclones hit; and shelters were built in compliance with land use planning, environmental and social safeguards requirements. In particular, the ECRRP shelters are unique because of their structural durability. They are designed to withstand wind speeds of 260km/hr; are made of reinforced frame structure; and have 60 grade deformed bars and stone aggregates in the casting of the shelter foundation, footings, columns, beams, making these 60

71 structures sustainable during severe cyclones. Also, the ECRRP shelters are built as 3 storied structures with provisions for vertical extension in the future. All of these factors made a great difference in the shelters performance during Mahasen. People working on the ground believe that due to the increase in the number of useable shelters this year, thanks to ECRRP, the loss of lives has been a lot less than what it could have been in one of the most cyclone vulnerable places in Bangladesh. Says LGED Executive Engineer in Bhola, Mr. SM Akbar Hossain Not only did the shelters house people; they were also the safe point for relief activities, such as precautionary stocking of dry food. These shelters provide a safe haven during killer cyclones and during non-cyclone times are used as Primary Schools targeting the ultra-poor, thus providing hope and mobility to the communities. Mahasen has tested the utility of the ECRRP cyclone shelters and points to the continued importance of the World Bank s collaboration with the Government of Bangladesh on saving lives and securing livelihoods. These shelters have now become beacons of hope when the darkness of an approaching cyclone looms over coastal communities. RELY ON OWN CLIMATE FUNDS, SUGGEST ACTIVISTS Abu Bakar Siddique Bangladesh should design its own national climate plan for the future in line with the national five-year plan, opine experts The government should formulate future climate action plan with its own resources and capacity as developed countries undermined the interest of climate vulnerable countries like Bangladesh at the last climate talks in Warsaw, conservationists and civil society members say. They made the call at a press conference titled COP19 Outcomes: Interest of Climate Victim Countries are Really Vulnerable held at the National Press Club, jointly organised by eight civil society networks working on climate change. The Climate Vulnerable Countries (CVCs) have gained very little at the 19th Conference of Parties (COP19) as the developed countries which are the largest greenhouse gas emitters and responsible for global warming did not cooperate, said Syed Aminul Haque of Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh (EquityBD) in his keynote speech. Bangladesh should not wait for some million dollars of aid where the country has more than Tk15bn in remittance. It should design its own national climate plan for the future in line with the national five-year plan, he added. Bangladesh and the other least developed countries (LDCs) have faced strong opposition from developed countries along with the recently formed like-minded developing countries (LMDC) that includes India, China and Australia at the climate negotiations, said Dr Ahsan Uddin Ahmed, executive director of Centre for Global Change. They just obstructed the climate talks at every step and pushed down the international loss and damage mechanism issue, which is a long expected demand of the LDCs and vulnerable countries, towards an uncertainty, he said. Dr Ahsan is also a panel scientist of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He said the developed countries were offering just $100m against the promised $100b as compensation for global warming in the adaptation fund. Other members of the networks are Campaign for Sustainable Rural Livelihood (CSRL), Centre for Global Change (CGC), Bangladesh Poribesh Andolon (Bapa), 61

72 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Bangladesh Indigenous People s Network for Climate Change and Bio-Diversity (BIPNetCCBD), Climate Change Development Forum (CCDF), Climate Finance Governance Network (CFGN), and Coastal Development Partnership (CDP). Among others, Dr Abdul Matin, Bapa general secretary, and Md Golam Mortuza, editor of the weekly Shaptahik, also spoke at the programme. The government established Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund in fiscal with its own fund. Currently the fund has $340m. The government has already allocated $190.78m for 139 government and 63 non-government projects. According to Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009, the country needs $1b to carry out adaptation measures each year. The government set up Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund with the contribution of the developed nations. Out of its $170m fund, $146.19m has been allocated for 11 projects while the country received commitments of only $594m. PKSF FUNDS 11 NGOS TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE INDUCED VULNERABILITY Tuesday, 29 October FE Report Copyright International Publications Limited. All rights reserved Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) has funded eleven NGO projects a total amount of US$ 3.99 million through the Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) under the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund of the government. The project is moving ahead to increase the resilience and adaptation capacity of local communities to combat the climate change induced vulnerability, said a project update of the World Bank (WB) issued on Monday. The fund recipient NGOs are: RDRS Bangladesh, Satkhira Unnayan Sangstha (SUS), Wave Foundation, SKS Foundation, Gana Unnayan Kendra (GUK), Nazrul Smriti Sangsad (NSS), Ashrai, National Development Programme (NDP), Dak Diye Jai, Jhanjira Samaj Kallyan Sangstha (JSKS) and Jagrata Juba Shangha (JJS). The NGOs will implement these sub-projects in selected unions of Kurigram, Nilphamari, Satkhira, Chuadanga, Barguna, Rajshahi, Naogaon, Natore, Bagerhat and Khulna districts. Some of the major activities that will be undertaken by these sub-projects are: homestead plinth raising, repairing of road and embankment with tree plantation, promotion of renewable energy such as installation of solar panels, establishment of community grain banks for food availability during lean periods, installation of tube-wells for safe drinking water, installation of sanitary latrines for safe hygiene practice, promotion of environmentfriendly cooking stoves, slatted housing for goat keeping, promotion of saline and flood tolerant crops, introduction of improved local variety of Black Bengal goat and support to hen rearing support to drought-resilient fodder cultivation. The WB release said PKSF had maintained clarity and transparency in communicating with NGOs whose proposals did not receive grants. Official letters with clear indications as to which selection criteria they had not fulfilled had been sent to these NGOs. The project has also developed its own website ( with the aim to share relevant information about the activities under the project. The Government of Bangladesh has set up the BCCRF, which acts as a mechanism for large-scale climate change financing in Bangladesh. One of the two windows of BCCRF, the Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) is allocating funds on a competitive basis to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to implement community-driven interventions that build resilience to climate change impacts. The Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) is the designated umbrella agency responsible for oversight. 62

73 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPMENT PLANS STRESSED Friday, 13 December 2013 Climate experts at a programme in the city on Friday stressed mainstreaming the climate change adaptation in the development planning of the country to cope with the adverse impacts of global warming, reports UNB. They said mainstreaming climate change into planning needs to be done at every level, not just in national plans while the relevant ministries such as water management, agriculture, health and others need to mainstream climate change into their respective plans. Oxfam in Bangladesh with the assistance of a Dhaka based climate change study group conducted a study, titled Review of BCCSAP-2009 that was released at a discussion at Sonargaon Hotel on Friday evening. The study findings include a policy direction towards enhancement of implementation of BCCSAP with prioritisation of the action programmes and developing a country framework for mainstreaming adaptation with indicators for monitoring and evaluation. Highlighting the study outcome, Dr M Asaduzzaman of the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), principal investigator of the study, said it is also important to mainstream the climate change adaptation into local level planning. He said the NGOs have a very strong role to play especially in mainstreaming adaptation as many NGOs are already working at local level for enhancing the community-level adaptive capacity. Climate change adaptation is mainly local, and NGOs have access to remote and marginalised areas in Bangladesh. Asaduzzaman said while adaptation projects are a useful place to start, the long-term nature of climate impacts will require an altogether greater effort to develop a climate resilient economy. Thus, instead of developing separate, stand-alone National Adaptation Plan (NAP) as many countries are doing, it will be better for Bangladesh to mainstream climate change into regular national plans, he said. Chaired by PKSF chairman and coordinator of Bangladesh Climate Change Negotiation Team Dr Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad, the meeting was addressed, among others, by former ESCAP official and member of the National Climate Change Negotiation Team Dr Rezaul Karim, president of Forum of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh (FEJB) Quamrul Islam Chowdhury, Prof Dr Mizan R Khan of North South University, and deputy director of Department of Environment M Ziaul Haque. To operationalise the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) established in 2009, the government constituted the National Climate Change Fund with an allocation of about US$ 45 million in the budget for fiscal , which has been replenished several times since then. Furthermore, the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund, was established to pool funds from development partners to implement a long-term strategy for conducting adaptation programmes to address the impacts of climate change in Bangladesh. 63

74 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF AFFORESTATION IN 9 DISTRICTS FOR ENHANCING CLIMATE RESILIENCE Friday, 30 Ausgust 2013 Dhaka, August 29, 2013: The Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation project, implemented by the Government of Bangladesh, is working towards sustainable forest conservation and enhancement of climate resilience, according to a World Bank (WB) statement issued on Thursday. The project aims to reduce forest denudation and to improve forest coverage through participatory planning and monitoring in nine coastal and hilly districts: Cox s Bazar, Chittagong, Noakhali, Lakshmipur, Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna, Bhola and Feni. The project will be jointly implemented by the Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) under the ministry of environment and forest (MoEF) and Arranayk Foundation (AF). The WB said that tropical cyclones, storms and surges are major features of Bangladesh s coastal zone with significant negative impact on the area and its population. At the same time, the share of land under forest cover in Bangladesh is the second lowest in the region, with natural forest cover accounting for only half of that in the 1960s. Denuded forests and ecologically sensitive hilly and coastal areas are especially vulnerable to climate change. For this reason, a comprehensive approach to development planning and disaster management is essential, the statement said. The project aims to establish new afforested and reforested areas of total 17,000-hectares of land and 1,672-km roadside plantation in nine districts. The project will support and build climate resilience of 200 forest communities through the diversification of livelihood opportunities and practices. The capacity and technical knowledge base of the forest sector will also be enhanced. The project became effective on July 2, 2013 and progress has been made by establishing a fully functional project implementation unit (PIU) in BFD. The divisional forest officers (DFOs) had conducted extensive survey and mapping work to identify degraded forest areas which would be treated under this project. Land preparation and nursery seedling production are in a state of readiness to commence planting immediately in coastal areas. In hilly areas, nursery production of seedlings will commence as mature seeds become available to allow planting from April-May of the 2014 monsoon season. The selection criteria for 200 forest communities and training programs for participants from community-based organisations have also been fixed. The WB recently reviewed the project progress and agreed on an action plan for successful implementation of the project. The existing forest sector master plan (FMP) was reviewed and a detailed strategy developed to upgrade and address the emerging environmental concerns. A road map for strengthening the BFD forest resource monitoring and assessment capacity was also agreed upon. The Bangladesh Climate Change Resilient Fund (BCCRF) has allocated $33.8 million for the project and currently there are seven development partners contributing to BCCRF: the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), the Embassy of Denmark in Dhaka, the Department of International Development (DFID), the European Union, represented by the European Commission (EC), Sweden represented by the Swedish International Development Cooperation (Sida), the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and USAID. 64

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77 PROJECT SIGNING: $33.8 MILLION FOR AFFORESTATION TO PROTECT COMMUNITIES IN COASTAL AND HILLY AREAS FROM NATURAL DISASTERS February 27, 2013 PRESS RELEASE DHAKA, February 27, 2013 The government of Bangladesh signed a $33.8 million grant agreement today with the World Bank to increase forest cover in the coastal and hilly areas of Bangladesh to reduce the impact of cyclones and tidal surges. Through community participatory and co-management approaches, the Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project will provide forest and plantation cover in 17,000 hectares of land and 1,672 km of roadside in areas where communities bear the brunt of climate change. The project will be financed by the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), an innovative multi-donor financing mechanism. The project will increase climate resilience of people and infrastructure by significantly reducing the loss of life and livelihoods and property damage caused by extreme weather events. In addition, the project will create jobs in social forestry and provide alternate income opportunities to poor people in the climate vulnerable areas, reducing their dependence on forest resources for livelihoods. The project will create around 3.18 million work days of additional jobs, benefiting around 6,000 poor households, many of them headed by women. The project will also train around 15,000 forest-dependent people on participatory forest management, climate change management, and basic entrepreneurial and business management skills. Coastal afforestation has been effective in dampening storm surge velocity during Cyclone Sidr in 2007 and Cyclone Aila in 2009, saving millions of lives and significantly reducing devastation compared with the cyclone in 1991 said Salman Zaheer, Acting Country Director of Bangladesh, World Bank. This project, under the BCCRF, is a timely initiative to build the country s resilience to climate change while also expanding sustainable livelihood and income opportunities for vulnerable communities. The Bangladesh Forest Department and Arannayk Foundation will implement the afforestation and reforestation activities in the nine coastal districts: Cox s Bazar, Chittagong, Noakhali, Laxmipur, Feni, Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna and Bhola; and in the hilly areas of the reserved forest land of Chittagong and Cox s Bazar. Following a transparent selection process, local communities will combine locally tested forestation techniques with improved forest management practices to alleviate the adverse effects of cyclones and tidal surges. The project will strengthen the capacities of the Government of Bangladesh s Department of Forests to plan and manage forest resources through activities such as updating the Forestry Sector Master Plan, mainstreaming Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) based monitoring, and integrating climate change into the planning process. The project directly contributes to government of Bangladesh s climate change adaptation vision said Mr. Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division, Government of Bangladesh. The project will play a pivotal role in implementing cost-effective climate resilience approaches and in parallel providing socio-economic and environmental co-benefits. Mr. Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division and Mr. Salman Zaheer, Acting Country Director, World Bank Bangladesh signed on behalf of the Government of Bangladesh and the World Bank respectively, at the Economic Relations Division. The government of Bangladesh has successfully aligned its development partners to address the country s climate change challenges by having them establish a multi-donor fund the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund. So far, the BCCRF has channeled $189 million in grant funds from seven development partners, namely Australia, Denmark, the European Union, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA to strengthen resilience to climate change. The government of Bangladesh is in the driver s seat and has the authority to decide which projects to fund and how they are to be implemented. On an interim basis, the implementation and administration of the fund is augmented by the World Bank, especially in the areas of ensuring fiduciary transparency and accountability due diligence. 67

78 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF PROJECT SIGNING: $10 MILLION GRANT FOR SOLAR IRRIGATION IN BANGLADESH September 30, 2013 PRESS RELEASE DHAKA, September 30, 2013 The Government of Bangladesh signed a $10 million grant agreement today with the World Bank to introduce solar irrigation pumps for farmers. The Solar Irrigation Project will enable installation of more than 1,300 solar powered irrigation pumps covering more than 65,000 bighas of land for rice cultivation. The project will be financed by the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), an innovative multi-donor financing mechanism. The solar irrigations pumps will provide farmers access to clean energy in a comparatively lower cost. Traditionally, Bangladeshi farmers rely on more expensive diesel based irrigation pumps for rice cultivation. By replacing diesel pumps with solar irrigation pumps in areas where grid electricity has not reached, the project will reduce dependence of farmers on diesel supply, which is often erratic and costly particularly in remote rural areas. Reliance on costly diesel imports for irrigation puts a pressure on country s foreign exchange solar irrigation pumps will save $3.2 million in foreign currency every year from displacement of diesel. Wider use of solar powered irrigation pumps will help Bangladesh to save foreign exchange in diesel imports. Due to clean and renewable energy used, the project will reduce carbon emission by 10,000 tons every year, said Christine Kimes, Acting Head, World Bank Bangladesh. The project will contribute to improve farmers livelihoods, increase climate change resilience of the agriculture sector and strengthen food security. Private sponsors will be responsible for installing, operating and maintaining the solar irrigation pumps. BCCRF will provide up to 50% of the pump costs in grant, while International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank will provide 30% in concessional credit. Private sponsors are expected to provide 20% of the pump costs as equity. The project directly contributes to Government of Bangladesh s climate change adaptation vision, said Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division, Government of Bangladesh. Wider use of solar irrigation pumps will help the agriculture sector to reduce dependence on diesel imports. Smooth supply of water for irrigation will help to increase agricultural productivity. The solar irrigation pumps will enable us save foreign exchange substantially. However, to popularize the solar irrigation pumps, investment in research and innovation is needed to bring down the upfront cost of the pumps. BCCRF has provided $10 million grant in first phase for the solar irrigation project and the total commitment amount for project is $24.5 million in grant financing. The Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) will implement the solar irrigation project through private sponsors as part of the Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II (RERED II) Project. Mr. Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division and Ms. Christine Kimes, Acting Head, World Bank Bangladesh signed on behalf of the Government of Bangladesh and the World Bank respectively, at the Economic Relations Division in presence of the development partners. ABOUT BCCRF The Government of Bangladesh has successfully aligned its development partners to address the country s climate change challenges by having them establish a multi-donor fund the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund. So far, the BCCRF has channeled $189 million in grant funds from seven development partners, namely Australia, Denmark, EU, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and the USA to strengthen resilience to climate change. The Government of Bangladesh is in the driver s seat and has the authority to decide which projects to fund and how they are to be implemented. On an interim basis, the implementation and administration of the fund is augmented by the World Bank, especially in the areas of ensuring fiduciary transparency and accountability due diligence The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. 68

79 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2014 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN

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81 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2014 Building on the progress achieved in 2013, the World Bank/BCCRF work program will focus on the following activities in Program management Complete the MTR Monitor the results framework Finalize the communications strategy. 2. Pipeline development Appraise the Secretariat for BCCRF Phase II (Capacity Building Project Phase II) Project supervision The World Bank will provide supervisory support for the following projects, which are recipient executed: Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Project) Secretariat for BCCRF (Capacity Building Project Phase I) Community Climate Change Project Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project ) Modern Food Storage Facilities Project AAA preparatory activities The World Bank will manage the following analytical and advisory tasks, which are Bank executed: Impacts of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char Noakhali Cross Dam Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling. Table 12 presents details of the proposed work plan. Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project 1 After reviewing other planned donor support in early 2014, preparation was discontinued due to duplication of activities. 2 Subject to discussion. 71

82 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Table 12. Proposed Annual Work Plan (2014) Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 I. Program management Mid-term review Complete MTR process Follow up Follow up Follow up Results framework Ongoing monitoring Ongoing monitoring Ongoing monitoring Ongoing monitoring Communications strategy Finalize communications strategy Quarterly reports Report in January for 2013 Q4 Report in April for 2014 Q1 Annual Report Annual report 2013 printed and disseminated Trusteeship Fund management (such as issuance of call of funds, receipt of payments, investment, revision of fees) 3 II. Pipeline development Capacity Building Project Phase II Preparation and appraisal 4 Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change Bank s concept review 5 III. Project supervision (Task teams conduct two site visits per year for projects in this category) Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project) Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational 6 Secretariat for BCCRF Phase I (Capacity Building Project Phase I) Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational Community Climate Change Project Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational Irrigation Project) Modern Food Storage Facilities Project 7 Grant agreement signed Project operational Project operational Project operational III. AAA Climate Change and Its Impact on Vector-borne Diseases in Bangladesh Complete AAA and disseminate report Urichar Cross Dam Study/ Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char Noakhali Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Cross Dam 8 Innovations in Urban Resilience 9 Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling 10 Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Urban Flooding of Dhaka in a Changing Climate/Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Damage and Adaptation 11 Complete AAA and disseminate Complete AAA and disseminate 3 Call of funds on hold in view of imminent MDTF closing date. 4 Discontinued due to overlap with approved bilateral project funding for the MOEF. 5 Ministry of Agriculture declined updated project proposal. 6 Extension of closing date by one year required due to 2013 electoral disruptions. 7 Subject to discussion. 8 End date is March End date is June End date is December End date is December

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