IMPACTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE ON BEEKEEPING PRODUCTIVITY

Transcription

1 IMPACTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE ON BEEKEEPING PRODUCTIVITY The 1st Continental Symposium on Honey Production, Bee Health and Pollination Services in Africa. 6 th September 2015, Cairo, Egypt Malisa G G 1 and Yanda PZ 2

2 Global warming due to green house gases is the major cause of human induced climate change Industrial emissions in developed countries Deforestation in the tropics (20%) Introduction

3 Where is the problem? Effects of CC are observed on a wide range of ecosystems and species in all regions of the world (Rosenzweig et al. 2007)

4 Impacts on ecosystems and species Approximately This threat 20-30% is widely of plant recognized: and animal species assessed so far are likely to be at increased risk of extinction if increases in global average temperature exceed C. (IPCC, 2007) Public media

5 A change in climatic conditions is bound to have an impact on the survival of these ecotypes. How CC has been affecting beekeeping productivity in Tanzania is still questionable.

6 OBJECTIVES Overall Objective Specific objectives Identify climate related factors which influence honey bee productivity. To identify impacts of climate variability and change on beekeeping productivity To examine the impact of CC and CV on beekeeping To find out if Beekeepers link climate condition with beekeeping activities. To identify adaptation measures put in place by beekeepers to cope with CC and CV

7 The study area The study was conducted Kiteto Sampling methods Non random sampling Purposive sampling Snow ball sampling Methodology Data collection methods Both primary and secondary Primary sources Focus Group Discussion Structured questionnaires Key interview Direct observation

8 Results

9 Temperature (C) Rainfall (mm) Vulnerability of Beekeeping Temperature - Arusha Rainfall - Arusha Arusha mean annual temperature time series ( ) y = x R 2 = Arusha annual rainfall time series ( ) y = x R 2 = Years 0 Annual Linear Trend Years Increase bee s exposure to perturbations and stresses Annual rainfall Linear Trend

10 Impacts of CC&CV on Beekeeping It lead to postpone plant flowering time, Reduces pollen and nectar availability, Increase water stress, Colony starvation and retard bee forage activities Inhibit movements and bee communications, Physical damage of hives

11 Impacts cont.. Water shortage Physical damage of hives Reduces pollen and nectar availability

12 Climatic factors and their influence on CLIMATIC FACTOR Low rainfall honey production PRODUCTION OUTCOME Moderate rainfall (350mm - 700mm) Poole et al., 199 High Rainfall > 700mm Poole et al., 1992 STUDIES WITH SIMILAR FINDINGS High temperature > 33 0 C Cooper, Schaffer 1985; Al-Qarni 2006; Blazyte-Cereskiene et al., 2010 Low temperature < < 10 0 C Joshi, Joshi 2010 Moderate temperature Moderate wind Coldness dampness and 22 0 C 31 0 C

13 Amount of Rainfall/mm/year verses production of Honey in kg per year from 2001 to 2013 in Kiteto District year Honey (kg) Rainfall/mm/yr Linéaire (Honey (kg)) Linéaire (Rainfall/mm/yr) 0

14 Adaptation options Shift to pollen source/changing apiary location, Increasing the number of beehives Making and providing food Providing water Planting tree Use of climate services

15 Adaptations cont.. Changing their harvesting schedule Changing hive hinging style Control swarming and unite weaken colonies Putting hive in trees shadow Use of over-dimensioned wooden hive Changing harvesting methods

16 Adaptations cont.. Water stress Tangential hanging

17 Adaptation cont.. Modern hive Food provision

18 Conclusion Beekeeper have little knowledge on climate change. Increase knowledge on CC, support beekeeping groups in mainstreaming CC and CV issues in planning process. Appropriate trainings on good beekeeping practices Beekeeper does not have knowledge on linking beekeeping practices with weather forecast (TMA) despite the fact that they receive these forecast on daily bases.

19 Thank you for your attention