Thinking Outside the Crop Rotation Box
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1 Thinking Outside the Crop Rotation Box 2017 Wheat Academy December 13, 2017 Diana Roberts & Karen Sowers Extension Specialists Rachel Zuger, Field Technician Washington State University
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5 Where & How Does Canola Have a Fit? You need to be willing to put time into learning about the crop and not treat it second-hand. Canola is not your father s wheat!
6 Is canola a challenge to grow or not?
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8 Know before you grow Location Cropping system annual cropping, perennial crops, wheat-fallow, 3-yr rotation? Why grow an oilseed? What is your goal? Decisions based on: Commodity prices/proximity to markets Variety performance Seed availability Chemical rotation/herbicide history Weed control Production contracts Bottom line
9 Herbicide History is Key! Before considering canola, you MUST know the herbicide rotation history of the field Canola without resistance traits is very sensitive to Group 2 herbicides (ALS inhibitors)
10 Herbicides of Concern Group 2 (ALS Inhibitors) Sulfonylureas (SU s) Ally Extra (metsulfuron + thifensulfuron + tribenuron) Amber (triasulfuron) Finesse (chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron) Maverick (sulfosulfuron) Olympus (propoxycarbazone) Powerflex (pyroxsulam) Imidazolinones (IMI s) Beyond (imazamox) Pursuit (imazethapyr) Slide courtesy of Drew Lyon, WSU
11 1 Dependent on soil ph and accumulated precipitation. 2 Clearfield varieties only. 3 Dependent on accumulated precipitation. Slide courtesy of Drew Lyon, WSU
12 Sencor 1 Clearfield varieties only. 2 Tilled fields, interval dependent on rate used. 3 No-till fields, interval dependent on rate used. * Refer to Extension Bulletin PNW571 - Plantback Restrictions for Herbicides Used in the Dryland Wheat Production Areas of the Pacific Northwest Slide courtesy of Drew Lyon, WSU
13 % Adsorption Othello, WA ph = 8.4 CEC = ph 5.5 Valleyford, WA ph = 4.3 CEC = CEC
14 Generalization of Herbicide Persistence by Chemistry Herbicide Family (pka) Thifensulfuron (5.0) Metsulfuron (3.8) Imazethapyr (3.6) Imazamox (4.2) Pyroxsulam (5.2) Florasulam (5.0) Acid hydrolysis Slower acid hydrolysis Adsorption Adsorption Microbial Deg Microbial Deg Adsorption Microbial Deg Microbial Deg Every herbicide molecule is unique!
15 Variety Selection
16 Variety Selection GMO ( Generic ) Roundup Ready Liberty Link Non-GMO ( Specialty ) Conventional Clearfield High Oleic Cargill Dow (Nexera)
17 CANOLA VARIETIES There are herbicide tolerant winter and spring varieties available for the PNW * SURT = SU-Residual Tolerant (not IMI tolerant) * Clearfield = IMI Residual Tolerant (most are SU residual tolerant), non-gmo Canola Variety Trials UI Parker Farm Photo by Jeannie Olmstead
18 SU Residual Tolerant Canola Varieties SURT Seed Company/University Variety Croplan by Winfield 115 W (aka HyCLASS 115) (winter only) 225 W (aka HyCLASS 225) SU residual tolerant and RR * shortens plantback interval * SU s cannot be applied postemergence
19 IMI Residual Tolerant Canola Varieties Seed Company/University BrettYoung (spring) 5545 CL Variety DL Seeds (spring) 1506 CL Dow AgroScience (spring) Nexera CL (e.g. 2022, 2024) High Plains Crop Development Claremore (winter) Rubisco Seeds Edimax CL (winter) * shortens or eliminates plantback interval * also tend to be SU residual tolerant
20 What a difference variety selection can make! Clearfield Canola Susceptible Canola Copyright 2011 Jim B. Davis WSU posts a list of winter and spring oilseed suppliers on the Oilseed Cropping Systems website:
21 Summary Know your herbicide application history Plan ahead for canola Read and follow the label If in doubt, conduct field or plant bioassay, and/or wait another season Consider SU or IMI trait canola varieties if still in restricted plantback window Canola is not always more valuable than wheat until you look at the whole picture. Okanogan area grower
22 Summary (cont.) SURT canola varieties are not IMI-tolerant IMI canola varieties may or may not be SU soil residual tolerant No matter how the plant absorbs the Group 2 herbicides, it can t tolerate much (<1 oz/a in many cases) Canola is an opportunity crop, and technology traits can increase the likelihood of success Consider fallow management of volunteer canola depending on herbicide trait, e.g. SU, RR Growing canola requires a different way of thinking, from a systems approach - chemical systems, cropping systems, rotational systems. - WA canola producer
23 Companion Cropping?
24 Not hardly.. 35 bu/a wheat, $1.35/bu dockage for weed seeds
25 Canola = Opportunity Crop BEFORE canola: 35 bu/a wheat, $1.35/bu dockage for weed seeds AFTER canola: 75 bu/a wheat, NO dockage fees, minimal weed population
26 Is Canola Black Gold? Four out of five years I make more money off my canola than my wheat. - Ritzville area grower
27 SAVE THE DATE! WSU-WOCS Oilseed Workshops January 22 Hartline January 24 Tri-Cities January 25 Colfax
28 Questions? Canola is not more valuable than wheat until you look at the whole picture. WA canola and wheat producer Facebook: WSU Oilseeds
29 Designing Cover/Companion Crop Mixes Diana Roberts, PhD Area Extension Agronomist WSU Extension Spokane, WA
30 Ideas learned still subject to verification Spring seeded cover crops grown in place of fallow are likely to be high risk in the inland PNW environment. Companion crops may be more feasible in this region than cover crops Cover/companion crops will not work every year Nitrogen fixed by legumes may benefit subsequent crops, rather than the current cash crop.
31 Ideas learned still subject to verification Limit companion or cover crops to three to five species in the dry PNW climate. Consider using starter fertilizer for companion/cover crops. Use species-appropriate inoculant for all legumes, unless a bioassay indicates unnecessary. Seed companion crops at an economic rate that will not outcompete the primary, cash crop.
32 How can I be sure there isn t residual herbicide in my field? Field Bioassay Plant Bioassay
33 Group 2 Herbicide Damage - Residual
34 Group 2 Herbicide Damage - Residual Photo courtesy of Jim B. Davis
35 Group 2 Herbicide Damage - Residual Photo courtesy of Jim B. Davis
36 Group 2 Herbicide Damage - Drift Canola flowering time = wheat spraying time Canola is VERY sensitive to SU s used in cereals (e.g. Harmony Extra) Avoid nearby aerial applications, if possible
37 Group 2 Herbicide Damage Drift - this is direct hit by Harmony Extra Photo courtesy of Jim B. Davis
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