Institution. Participatory Community Appraisal (PCA) in and around Phnom Penh

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1 Team Mr. Chhouk Borin, Mr. Sam Chin Ho, Mr. Thak Kuntheang Miss. Chhim Rumuny, Miss. Sok Daream, Mr. Srey SamAn RUA: Royal University of Agriculture PAPUSSA Main sites: -Cambodia (Phnom Penh), -Thailand (Bangkok), and -Vietnam (Ho Chi Min and Hanoi). Phnom Penh, 3 areas in and around the city: Level National Level Institution Environment Institution Product and Development Institutions Ministry of Ministry of Phnom Penh Ministry of Agriculture, Environment Public Health Municipality Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Major Influencing Institution Ministry of Land Management, Urbanization and Construction (LMUC) -Boeung Cheng Ek -Prek Phnov -Boeung Kok Activities: -Market survey -Participatory community appraisal -Institutional analysis Regional Level Local Level (Peri-urban) Dept of Environment Dept of Health Other: -JICA -NGO s Local Authority Communes (Community) Dept of MAFF -Fisheries Office - Agronomy Office Dept of LMUC Participatory Community Appraisal (PCA) in and around Phnom Penh Overall objective of the PCA -To identify well define community and get overall view of their livelihoods, environment, history and socio-economic structure. -To identify the problem and constraints of the community and related them to their livelihoods and peri-urban aquatic production system, and -To identify strategies or recommendations for future interventions. Fish Farm Morning glory Field 1

2 Community Tnout Chrum (Boeung Cheng Ek) Kbal Tumnop (Boeung Cheng Ek) Doung (Prek Pnov) Mouy (Boeung Kok) Methodology of the PCA Communities and Participants Male (Person) Female (Person) Total (Person) Tools of The PCA - Community map - Resource mapping - Socio/wealth ranking - Timelines - Seasonal calendar - Activities matrix - Problem ranking Wealth ranking Result of the PCA Resource Mapping Wealth ing in Tnout Chrum Village Wealth ing in Duong Village 17% 19% 20% 10% 20% 34% 30% 50% Rich Average Poor Very Poor Rich Average Poor Very poor Wealth ing in Kbal Tum Nop Village wealth ing in Phum Muy 8.99% 3.05% 20% % 3.80% 51.1% 74% Rich Average Poor Very poor Rich Medium Poor Community Mapping: Time line: Village didn t create yet and have no people live Villagers were evacuated There were many NGOs come to the village to help people Having Area Name Beoung Tumpon People came back from the country to the village Garment Factories Activities starts Village was created and more and more people come to live in 2

3 Seasonal Calendar: Representatives of each place showed about their work from the beginning to the end of the year. In Kbal Thom Nub and Tnut Chrom, most of the people produce yearly. In Muy village, culturists have more work such as caring and feeding almost a year but others have other job to do too. In Doung village, there are most of Khmer, Vietnamese, and Cham ethnic are fishermen and culturists to busy nearly a year. Food Consumption: We showed that information on food consumption of the 4 villages have the similar food which they mostly use from purchase, others from self-produce, nature and support (very low level). House Activities Matrix Activities Matrix of Women in Tnout Chrum 18 Watch TV Dinner Field 24 Field Rest Cook and Lunch 24 Rest Activities Matrix of Fishermen in Tnout Chrum Problem ing Activities in Mouy Village Field Field Dinner 18 Rest Sleep Other men beside fishermen in Tnout Chrum Field Rest & Watch TV 24 Lunch and Rest Sleep Dinner 18 At home Breakfast and Take children to school Lunch and Rest Problem ing in Duong Village Problem ing in Tout Chrum N Problem Female Male Total 1 Lack of Capital Health Problem Natural Disaster (Storm...) Less Fish Lack of Transportation Thief (Steal net, boat...) Owing somebody s money Water Quality (Effect health and Product) 9 Insecurity (Using drug boy) Not be able to support the children s study 11 No fresh water source Far from electricity place No market for morning glory Lack of health center Lack of hygiene knowledge Lack of toilet Lack Sewage pipe Difficult road Rain forest logging No. Type of Problems Females Males Total ing 1 Boat tax Market tax Fish market trading Lack of investment Decrease in natural fish Skin enfection Theft (net chicken a nd duck.) 9 No enough school and teachers 10 Natural destruction ( flooding) Health Westewater (come from walking catfish culture) Small road s in village Wave of ship dr iving Total

4 Marketing Appraisal of Aquatic Production Per-urban Systems in Phnom Penh (Cambodia) Market Methodology Market levels Level 1 - Boeung Cheung Ek - Boeung Kok - Chba Ampauv - Prek Phnauv (Aquatic plants or animals) Level 2 - Orussey - Demkor - Kandal (Aquatic plants and animals) Level 3 - Phsah Chash - Toul Tompong - Sammaki (Aquatic plants and animals) Level 4 - Kilo Lekboung - Kab Kuor - Moin Aing (Aquatic plants and animals) Activities in markets sold aquatic plant products Activities in markets sold aquatic animal products Note: 233 interviewees: 38 Producers/wholesalers, 24 wholesalers/collectors, 84 retailers, and 82 consumers Market Result Flows of Production to Consumers - Aquatic plant and fish production from the communities inside and outside P.P. - Collectors transport both productions to the market places where a variety of traders are involved in the buying and selling. - market actors can play more than one role (see market channel) Market Channel Producers/ wholesalers Wholesalers/collectors Consumers Retailers Additional labour - Fresh products, producers/wholesalers need extra labour in addition to regular family labour. % of respondents Additional Labour Required producer/collector wholesaler retailer type of market actors Aquatic Plants -Aquatic plant products account for nearly half of the total sales of vegetables in PP. -Morning glory is by far the most important aquatic plant product sold, the majority of which grown in wastes water. -The large part (0%) of morning glory production is transported and sold outside the provinces. -Morning glory is also used about 40% to feed pigs. 0% 0% Proportion of aquatic vegetables and land vegatables sold in P.P Aquatic plant consumptions 40% 40% Aquatic Vegetables Land Vegetables Animal consumption Human consumption 4

5 Fish - Fish is a popular dish of the people in Phnom Penh - Although wild fish products are more popular, some urban people cannot afford the high prices of these; as result, they rely on lower fish culture price in urban areas - The major species are Pangasius, walking catfish and big snakehead Marketing price of fish products Pangasis Walking Big catfish snakehead kind of fish Pangasis Walking catfish Big snakehead Consumption of Morning Glory produced in peri-urban Phnom Penh 40% Human Consumption 0% Animal consumption - Almost all of pangasius products from peri-uban sold outside PP. Aquatic plants for human consumption Aquatic plants for animal consumption Participants SoS Meeting 04//03, RUA -Local officers: -Producers: 8 -Market Actors: 7 -Institutions: Major fish sold in markets 1 es and s Producers Local Officers To build medical centre, To reduce the impact of To treat the To introduce a provide medicines especially (inorganic) polluted wastewater at system for the for skin irritation and fever, wastewater on their fish source before it treatment and and train/teach them on how and vegetable enter the lake recycling of to improve their health and production wastewater sanitation For NGOs: To provide interest-free grants to improve their production To build a well (groundwater source) in Boeung Kok and Boeung Cheng Ek 2 Producer To reduce the To introduce volume of biological wastewater from filters/constructed the city and wetlands for water factories and to treatment and restore the quality reducing the volume and volume to the pre-2000 level of water To reduce the smell of wastewater Local Officer To build toilets in To develop capacity Tout Chrum and among producers to Kbal Tomnup directly export community in morning glory Boueng Cheng Ek produced in Phnom Penh to other provinces and to adjacent Southeast Asian countries To reduce domestic violence To prevent illegal fishing in the lake To solve the drug problem To build a medical centre in the community To educate the market sellers on the health impacts of the use of chemicals to keep the vegetables, fish and other food fresh 5

6 3 To find market for their surplus product Producer To research on the wider health impacts of wastewater reuse To eliminate catfish culture because it makes the water dirty?? Local Officer To research the ecology of Boung Cheng Ek and Boeung Kok 1 2 To find new markets for their aquatic products in Phnom Penh and other provinces For market authorities: To establish dedicated areas in existing markets for selling aquatic products Market To investigate the markets for aquatic products in other provinces and other countries To develop techniques to prolong the lives and decrease perishability of their products (thereby extending the export markets) Institution/ Policy To build To identify medical the cause of centre skin irritation To improve To research road the cause of surfaces diarrhea To provide technical information on the culture of fish and other animals to improve their stock quality To reduce the cost of transportation from sources to markets To stabilize the prices of aquatic products Market Institution/Policy 3 To provide health services and build health centre/s To research on diseases of fish and morning glory To improve the quality of tap water in the city To research the ecology of Boung Cheng Ek and Boeung Kok Thanks!