maize grain guide 2009 / 10

Transcription

1 maize grain guide 2009 / 10

2 Welcome to the Corson Maize Grain Guide for Spring We have seen a lot of changes in the market since our 2008 Maize Grain Guide. Last year saw some very high grain prices and an associated increase in production volumes. The pricing was driven by high commodity prices and, indirectly, demand from an extremely buoyant dairy industry. These high prices were also elevated because of high input costs such as fertiliser which were double the price of what they currently are today. The market has obviously changed since last year and in these times good agronomic practices become important along with using hybrids that will perform consistently over time and location. Corson s rigorous trial process ensures that our hybrids consistently deliver, enabling you the grower, to be confident of good yields. At Corson we are confident that in these times it is still possible to have a profitable grain market as long as good agronomic practices are adhered to along with the correct choice of hybrid for your location and requirements. We, at Corson, wish you every success for the upcoming season and welcome any enquiries that you have. Kind Regards, Rob Shannon Seed Sales Manager

3 table of contents Maize Hybrid Selection 2 Hybrid Recommendations 3 Maize Research & Hybrid Comparisons 4 Grain & Dual Purpose Maize 6-9 Hybrid Traits Corson Contact Details 13 1

4 maize hybrid selection Our philosophy is a commitment to finding the most productive and profitable hybrids to match the climate and conditions of New Zealand growers. Use the following step-by-step guide to make the logical decision of which hybrid(s) to plant this coming season. 1. Grain or Dual Purpose? Corson believe that the best maize hybrids for grain and silage are not necessarily one and the same. Corson hybrids can be matched to their intended end use whether it is in the specialty grain market or for dual purpose use. Prior to sowing, growers can decide upon production goals and base their hybrid selection on the anticipated end use. Corson recommend some hybrids solely for grain production. Whilst these hybrids may be utilised for silage production, they tend to have high grain yields and smaller plant bulk making them more suitable for grain production. Growers may opt for a dual purpose hybrid of which Corson offer several true dual purpose hybrids that have the ability to provide both high grain yields and high forage yield and quality. If you are considering growing a silage specific hybrid please refer to our 2009 Maize Silage Guide or visit 2. Hybrid Maturity Following your decision to grow maize grain or a dual purpose crop, your should select the maturity group that suits your growing environment and production goals. Hybrids differ based upon the amount of heat required to reach maturity. Use our regional Hybrid Recommendations map on page 3 in conjunction with your production goals and past experience to select the hybrid or hybrids best suited for your farm.. 3. Assess Yield Performance and Consistency Corson hybrids are rigorously selected and tested in New Zealand against existing commercial hybrids. Broad adaptation to a wide range of growing environments and changing weather patterns require hybrids that not only have high yield potential, but more importantly, yield stability. When analysing yield data you should consider not only trials on your own farm, but include others in your district, region and even nationally. This process gives you the assurance that you are selecting a product with the best possible yield performance and consistency. Relevant hybrid comparisons can be found adjacent to hybrid descriptions within this publication. 4. Assess Hybrid and Quality Traits Many Corson hybrids have excellent standability, leaf disease tolerance, drought tolerance and staygreen. We also independently test our products for grain and forage quality. If you require a Corson hybrid with standout performance in one of these areas, an appraisal on the performance of Corson hybrids can be found in the Hybrid Traits table (page 11) and Hybrid Profiles. 5. Consider spreading your risk Growers with a large area of maize should consider planting more than one hybrid. This will reduce the impact of environmental stresses and can assist in the timing of crop management practices such as pest and weed management and side-dressing. Planting a range of hybrid maturities can also aid harvest management and allow better utilisation of machinery. 2

5 hybrid recommendations The Hybrid Profiles and Hybrid Traits table on pages 10 and 11 will provide you with a detailed insight of our comprehensive range of products. This information along with working knowledge of your own growing environment forms a valuable tool in selecting a range of hybrids for your farming system. The map below indicates the suitability of our maize hybrids on a broad regional basis. Due to variations in growing environment within a geographic area, the regions of adaptation serve as a guide only. Call your Corson Area Representative to discuss hybrid placement further. Northland / Auckland / Waikato Grain Dual Purpose Full N64-L5 N59-Q9 N59-Q9 Mid N51-N4 GoldFrank N48-K2 N48-K2 Early N4187 N4187 V. Early Delitop Delitop Bay of Plenty Grain Dual Purpose Full N64-L5 N59-Q9 N59-Q9 Mid N51-N4 GoldFrank N48-K2 N48-K2 Early N4187 N4187 V.Early Delitop Delitop Manawatu / Taranaki / Wairarapa Grain Dual Purpose Full N48-K2 N48-K2 Mid N4187 N4187 Early Delitop Delitop Nelson / Marlborough Grain Dual Purpose Full N48-K2 N48-K2 Mid N4187 N4187 Early Delitop Delitop East Coast / Hawke s Bay Grain Dual Purpose Full N64-L5 N59-Q9 N59-Q9 C8449 Mid N51-N4 GoldFrank GoldFrank N48-K2 N48-K2 N5901 Early N4187 N4187 V.Early Delitop Delitop Canterbury Grain Dual Purpose Full N4187 N4187 Mid Delitop Delitop grain guide 09/10 x 3

6 maize research & hybrid comparisons Rigorous selection of elite material by assessing hybrid yield and evaluating traits is an area of firm commitment from Corson. To achieve our objective we evaluate the merit of not just one genetic source, but several. We evaluate hybrids from throughout Europe and North America from some of the world s largest breeding centres. Each company has access to a range of material enabling Corson to test and select hybrids for specific end uses. Within each maturity segment (in New Zealand there are generally seven ranging from 70 to 115 CRM) Corson undertake the following approach in the selection and commercial release of new elite hybrids for NZ farmers. Year 1 - Replicated plot trials ( 10 new hybrids plus industry standards) Year 2 - On-Farm Strip Trials ( 6 new hybrids plus industry standards) Year 3 - On-Farm Strip Trials ( 3 new hybrids plus industry standards) Year 4 - On-Farm Strip Trials ( 2 new hybrids plus industry standards) (sometimes semi-commercial release) The foundation of a hybrid s success relies upon CONSISTENT YIELD ADVANTAGE in side-by-side hybrid comparisons across a number of seasons and growing environments. The more comparisons over various growing conditions, the more confident you can be that a real difference exists between two hybrids. You will find some of these side-by-side comparisons in this publication. Corson research doesn t stop at yield. We assess agronomic characteristics such as plant growth, stalk and root strength, drought tolerance, disease resistance and staygreen. Plant population, seed treatment, fertiliser and herbicide sensitivity evaluations are also undertaken so we can inform you first hand of the relative merits of different production practices. Grain characteristics indicating suitability to a particular end use, including kernel size and shape distribution, kernel weight, grain hardness and protein content are also assessed. Corson hybrid evaluation includes new and existing commercial maize hybrids. Corson believes that the sideby-side comparisons contained within this publication are both fair and accurate. Results of last season s individual trials, additional side-by-side hybrid comparisons and testing methods are available upon request from Corson. Year 5 - Commercial release of a new elite hybrid seed and grain grower for corson for the past 25 years We have been growing seed maize for over 25 years for Corson at our Muirwai farm and during that time we have developed a relationship of trust and understanding. Growing quality seed maize has its own peculiar challenges but the Corson team have provided the support and expertise to help us overcome these. It is always exciting to produce new hybrid seed for Corson that ends up all over New Zealand as top quality grain or silage. Bruce Graham, Wairakaia, Gisborne. 4 grain guide 09/10 x

7 how to interpret the hybrid comparision charts on the following pages Corson hybrid comparison charts show yield and maturity information from Corson Research Data generated from on-farm trials over the past 1 to 9 years. Non-feature hybrids cannot be compared to each other. The closer the grain moisture to the feature Corson hybrid, the more relevant the comparison. Agronomic Trait Ratings Numerical Rating Scale 1 to 9: 9 = Best. Trait ratings are based on comparisons with Corson hybrids of similar maturity. Hybrid yield comparisons are from Corson Research Data. For further information on Corson hybrids visit 5

8 corson maize grain & dual purpose N4187 Dual Purpose CRM-92 grain / 95 silage Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N4187 East Coast Region Dual purpose hybrid combining high grain and silage yields. Displays very good emergence and early season growth. Slender flex ears producing quality grain. Recommended plant population: Grain 85,000 to 95,000 seeds per hectare. Hybrid Traits Grain Yield for Maturity N P05(29) HY504(3) Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N4187 Waikato Region Early Growth Stalk Strength Root Strength Drought Tolerance - N P05(29) 38G43(10) DK477(22) Grain Drydown N48-K2 Dual Purpose CRM-100 grain / 104 silage 1.0 Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N48-K2 Waikato Region Ability to perform in both warm and cool environments. Above average tolerance to leaf diseases. Rapid grain dry down. Excellent stalk strength plus very good roots provide excellent standability for a dependable harvest. Recommended plant population: Grain 85,000 to 95,000 seeds per hectare. Hybrid Traits Grain Yield for Maturity - 38T27(36) N48-K2 DK567(48) 36B08(85) HY504(8) 36H36(57) 37Y12(2) 38P05(36) Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N48-K2 Bay of Plenty Region Early Growth Stalk Strength Root Strength Drought Tolerance Grain Drydown - N48-K2 36H36(6) DK567(29) 36B08(25) Rust Northern Leaf Blight 6 grain guide 09/10 x

9 corson maize grain & dual purpose N51-N4 NEW CRM-105 Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N51-N4 Waikato Region Exciting new grain hybrid. Very high yielding for maturity with good grain quality. Excellent early growth and drought tolerance. Limited seed available for the 2009 season. Recommended plant population: Grain 85,000 to 95,000 seeds per hectare. Yet to be evaluated for silage. Hybrid Traits Grain Yield for Maturity - 34D71(9) 36B08(7) N51-N4 35A30(14) 35D28(17) 36M28(25) Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N51-N4 Bay of Plenty Region Early Growth Stalk Strength Root Strength Drought Tolerance - 36M28(6) 34A30(2) N51-N4 34B97(6) 34D71(7) 35D28(17) 34P88(8) Grain Drydown 36B08(2) Rust GoldFrank Dual Purpose CRM-105 grain / 103 silage Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs GoldFrank Waikato Region Exciting new Grain and Dual purpose hybrid. Extremely high yield in the Bay of Plenty and Waikato north areas. Outstanding late season plant health and stay-green. Recommended plant population: Grain 85,000 to 95,000 seeds per hectare M28(18) DK567(25) 34K77(18) 36B08(25) GoldFrank 35D28(16) 35A30(10) 34P88(8) 34D71(36) 34B97(13) 33J24(4) Hybrid Traits Grain Yield for Maturity Early Growth Stalk Strength Root Strength Drought Tolerance Grain Drydown Rust Northern Leaf Blight Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs GoldFrank Bay of Plenty Region M28(9) 36B08(7) DK567(19) GoldFrank 34D71(27) 34P88(16) 34K77(8) grain guide 09/10 x 7

10 corson maize grain & dual purpose N59-Q9 Dual Purpose CRM-107 grain / 107 silage Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N59-Q9 Waikato Region Extremely high and consistent grain yielder. An excellent choice for growers on all soil types. Excellent drought and above average leaf disease tolerance. Recommended plant population: Grain 80,000 to 95,000 seeds per hectare. - DK567(55) 36B08(64) 34K77(78) 34B97(20) N59-Q Hybrid Traits Grain Yield for Maturity Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N59-Q9 Bay of Plenty Region Early Growth Stalk Strength Root Strength Drought Tolerance - DK567(39) 36B08(26) 34K77(53) N59-Q9 Grain Drydown Rust Northern Leaf Blight Food Grade Maize Hybrids Delitop CRM-88 N4187 CRM-92 N5901 CRM-105 C8449 CRM-109 For further information and specifications on our Food Grade Hybrids please contact Richard Hyland (Grain Procurement Manager, East Coast) on or richardh@corson.co.nz 8 grain guide 09/10 x

11 corson maize grain & dual purpose N64-L5 NEW CRM-108 grain Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N64-L5 East Coast Region Exciting new grain hybrid. Trial data shows above average yield for maturity with good grain dry down. Excellent early growth. Limited seed available for 2009 season. Recommended plant population: Grain 85,000 to 95,000 seeds per hectare. Yet to be evaluated for silage. Hybrid Traits Grain Yield for Maturity Early Growth Stalk Strength Root Strength Drought Tolerance - 34D71(8) 35D28(5) N64-L5 34B97(7) 33J24(7) Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N64-L5 Waikato Region 34K77(6) 34D71(9) 34B97(6) N64-L5 34P88(7) 33J24(6) Grain Drydown Rust 1.0 Corson Grain Trial Comparisons vs N64-L5 Bay of Plenty Region - 34B97(16) 34D71(13) N64-L5 35D28(8) 34P88(16)

12 hybrid traits (1) Crop Relative Maturity rating based on Growing Degree Units (GDUs) to silage harvest, physiological maturity (blacklayer) and harvest moisture relative to other Corson Grain maize hybrids. (2) Relative Flowering Date for maturity indicates whether a hybrid flowers early or late relative to its maturity. E = Early M= Medium; L = Late. (3) Grain yield for maturity within primary area of adaptation anduse. (4) Suggested planting populations (000 s per hectare) for grain within primary area of adaptation and use. Planting populations should be varied within this range depending upon expected growing conditions during crop growth and grain fill. (5) Ability of a hybrid to adjust to and perform at low or high plant densities. (6) Rating of early plant growth to the 5th collared leaf stage. (7) Rates stalks and roots for their ability to resist lodging. (8) Rates the ability of a hybrid to perform in dry soil conditions. (9) Ability of a hybrid to maintain photosynthates in the leaves and stalk during late grain fill and drydown. (10) Relative score based on the rate of moisture loss from grain following physiological maturity. (11) Relative plant height. T = Tall; M = Medium; S = Short. (12) Angle of leaves relative to the stalk. SE = Semi-Erect; E = Erect. (13) Ear height relative to plant height. H = High; M = Medium; L = Low. (14) F = Flex (Indeterminate ear size). Hybrid has the ability to extend ear length and / or add kernel rows when growing conditions allow. SF = Semi Flex ear type. (15) Shank length. L = Long; M= Medium; S = Short. (16) Tendency for ears to hang during grain drydown. Assists with more rapid moisture loss, reduces risk of sprouted grain, and aids in ear disease prevention. Dependent on ear size and shank length. H = High; M = Moderate; L = Low. (17) Husk tightness. L = Loose; M = Moderate; T = Tight. Loose husks may aid in faster drydown but may increase field losses. (18) Length of husk extending over the cob. L = Long; M = Medium; S = Short. (19) Disease resistance ratings. 9 = High resistance / tolerance, 1 = Highly susceptible. Please note that these ratings are not absolute. Environmental conditions play a critical role in disease development, which can, in turn, predispose plants to secondary diseases. If conditions are severe, even hybrids rated as resistant can be adversely affected. Growers should balance yield potential, hybrid maturity and cultural practices (crop rotations, crop residue management etc.) against the anticipated risk of disease pressure. (20) Rating based upon grain test weight (kg/hl) corrected to 14% kernel moisture content. (21) Kernel endosperm texture. H = Hard; M = Medium; S = Soft. (22) Length of individual kernels from the crown to tip cap. D = Deep; M = Medium; S = Shallow. (23) Rating based upon 1000 kernel weight (grams). (24) Rating based upon the spread of kernel sizes and shapes. A narrow spread of kernel size and shape is more desirable for grain end users. (25) Grain hardness based upon the amount of energy required and / or the time taken to grind a standard grain sample. Usually tested using a Stenvert Hardness Tester. (26) Relative grain crude protein levels rated across seasons and locations. (27) Colour of a shelled cob centre. (28) S = Starch, F = Livestock feed. (29) M = Dry milling, W = Whole maize. (30) Total plant dry matter yield with primary area of adaptation and use. (31) Suggested planting populations (000 s per hectare) for silage within primary area of adaptation and use. Planting populations should be varied within this range depending upon expected growing conditions during crop growth. (32) Rating based upon whole plant crude protein. 9 = High crude protein. (33) Measures Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) digestibility. Forages with high NDF digestibility provide a more balanced energy intake, particularly for dairy cattle. 9 = High fibre digestibility. (34) Rating of starch content available from the forage. 9 = High forage starch. (35) Whole plant digestibility rating provides a relative indication of the energy potential of a forage using in-vitro and in-situ rumen fermentation, reflecting biologically available energy. 9 = high energy from superior whole plant digestibility. (36) Rates total whole plant energy content. 9 = High total energy Ratings and descriptions are based on research and field observations collected by Corson Grain from multiple seasons and locations. These ratings are supplemented with data from our hybrid suppliers. We reserve the right to alter the above ratings, as additional data becomes available. Ratings and descriptions represent comparisons within the range of Corson maize hybrids. Herbicide Tolerance / Crop Injury Observations N = Normal. Hybrid sensitivity to the herbicide was within normal sensitivity ranges. Follow label use recommendations for the product. C = Caution. Hybrid sensitivity to the herbicide was noted. Follow label directions paying close attention to environmental conditions, crop growth stage recommendations and rate restrictions. (37) Growth Regulators: Typical of most growth regulating herbicides, dicamba products most often result in crop injury when applied to plants late in the application window or to plants under stress. Heat and drought stress generally increases the incidence of crop injury. Many cases of dicamba crop injury are complicated by shallow planting and/ or low ph soils. Injury has been observed weeks later when application has been followed by a dry period (2-4 wks) then rain and heat. Some hybrids may show leaf wrapping while other hybrids show crop injury in their nodal roots (fused/ upward growth). Application recommendations: Follow all label restrictions 1. Planting depth recommended >1.5 inches. 2. Apply herbicide at the early end rather than the later end of the application label best results when applied by 3rd leaf development. 3. Do not apply to plants during hot periods greater then 28 C. 4. Avoid spraying plants under environmental conditions causing abnormal stress. 5. Tank mixes may contain surfactants/additives that can increase the potential for crop injury use lowest recommended rates. Tank mix with safened products. 6. Where crop tolerance may be in question, use lower rates. (38) Sulfonylureas: Crop injury is more commonly observed when herbicide is applied to plants under stress, such as: cold, heat, drought, wet, low ph etc. Stage of plant development can often impact the potential for crop injury. Plants sprayed after the 5th leaf stage often take longer to grow out of the crop injury. In some cases crop injury is not observed in plants applied after the 6th leaf stage but the ears later show up with girdles (reduced kernel rows). Application recommendations: Follow all label restrictions 1. Apply herbicide at the early end rather than the later end of the application label. 2. Watch tank mixes as many herbicides contain strong surfactants which often result in more SU crop injury. 3. Avoid applications when crop is under stress. 4. When temps > 25 C apply in evening. 5. Do not apply to plants between 6-10 leaves. Apply with drop nozzles after 10 leaves. 10 grain guide 09/10 x

13 hybrid traits CROP RELATIVE MATURITY GRAIN YIELD TRAITS HYBRID TRAITS DESCRIPTIVE TRAITS DISEASE RESISTANCE GRAIN CHARACTERISTICS & END USE SUITABILITY SILAGE CHARACTERISTICS HERB. TOL Hybrid Delitop N4187 N48-K2 N51-N4 N5901 GoldFrank N59-Q9 N64-L5 C8449 CROP USE Dual Dual Dual Grain Grain Dual Dual Grain Grain Range Silage Blacklayer Harvest Moisture Relative Flowering Date 2 M L L M M M M M M Grain Yield for Maturity Planting Poluations for Grain Response to Low Density Response to High Density Early Growth Stalk Strength Root Strength Drought Tolerance Staygreen Grain Drydown Plant Height 11 M T M MT MT T T MT MT Leaf Habit 12 SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE Ear Height 13 M MH MH M M H H - MH Ear Flex 14 SF F SF SF F SF SF SF F Shank Length 15 - M M M M S S M M Pendulous Ears 16 MH H MH M M M M M MH Husk Tightness 17 L L M M T T M M T Husk Cover 18 S S M L M L M L M Rust Northern Leaf Blight _ _ 8 Eyespot _ 8 _ 7 _ 6 Ear Disease Test Weight Kernel Texture 21 H MH M MS MH MS M M MH Kernel Depth 22 M M M M D M MD MD D Kernel Weight Kernel Size Distribution Grain Hardness Grain Protein Cob Colour 27 R R P P R R P P R End Use Suitability 28 F S, F S, F S, F F S, F S, F S, F S, F Food Grade Use 29 M W - M M W Silage Yield for Maturity Plant Populations for Silage Protein Fibre Digestibility Forage Starch Whole Plant Digestibility Total Energy Growth Regulators 37 C N N N N N C N N Sulfonylureas 38 - C N N N N N C N Numerical Rating Scale 1 to 9: 9 = Best. grain guide 09/10 x 11

14 12

15 contact details Rob Shannon Seed Sales Manager National Seed Sales Representative Bay of Plenty Mobile: Julian Nicholson Seed Sales Representative Lower North Island. Mobile: Phone: Karen Finch Customer Services & Logistics Gisborne DDI: Phone: Fax: Paul Greenbank Seed Sales Representative Waikato, Auckland Mobile: Richard Hyland Seed Sales Representative Gisborne Mobile: DDI Neil Koevoet Seed Production & Research Manager DDI: Mobile: Fax: Jim Barr Seed Sales Representative Waikato, Northland Mobile: Phone: Fax: Corson maize hybrids are available from all leading rural farm supply merchants. Grain The good name in grain Corson, TenderLeafy and the respective logos are registered trademarks of Corson Grain Ltd. Hybrid information in this document is based on Corson research data and is accurate at the time of publication. The information in this document is of general nature and no liability (whether as a result of negligence or otherwise) is accepted for any loss of any kind that may arise from actions based on the contents of this publication. Corson Grain Ltd No part of this publication can be reproduced without prior written consent from Corson.

16 CORSON - your complete corn company Head Office: 415 Gladstone Road x PO Box 1046, Gisborne. Ph x Freephone 0800 CORSON ( ) x Fax info@corson.co.nz x Web