2015 Soybean Weed Management Guide: for Delaware and New Jersey

Transcription

1 2015 Soybean Weed Management Guide: for Delaware and New Jersey weed-science/ Mark VanGessel Extension Weed Specialist University of Delaware Quintin Johnson Extension Weed Science University of Delaware Brad Majek Extension Weed Specialist Rutgers University NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE PESTICIDE LABELS BE SURE TO READ AND FOLLOW ALL LABEL DIRECTIONS

2 2015 Soybean Weed Management Guide for Delaware and New Jersey Table of Contents Soybean Weed Management 1 How to Use This Guide 1 Integrated Pest Management 1 Cultural Weed Control 2 Mechanical Weed Control 2 Chemical Weed Control 2 Genetically Enhanced Varieties 4 Herbicide Resistant Weeds 4 No-Till Weed Management 5 2,4-D and Dicamba Application Rate Chart For Preplant Use On Full Season, No-Till Soybean 7 Comparison of Various Glyphosate Formulations 8 Prepackage Mixtures of Soil-Applied Herbicides for Soybean, and the Equivalent Products 9 Relative Effectiveness of Soil-Applied Soybean Herbicides for Individual Grass and Grass-Like Weed Species 13 Relative Effectiveness of Soil-Applied Soybean Herbicides for Individual Broadleaf Weed Species _ 14 Tank-Mixing Soil-applied Herbicides in Soybean and Comparative Residual Control 15 Use Rate per Acre for Soil-Applied Herbicides 16 Water Solubility of Soil-Applied Herbicides 19 Prepackage Mixtures of Postemergence Herbicides for Soybean, and Equivalent Products 20 Relative Effectiveness of Postemergence Soybean Herbicides for Individual Grass and Grass-Like Weed Species 21 Relative Effectiveness of Postemergence Soybean Herbicides for Individual Broadleaf Weed Species 22 Relative Effectiveness of Various Postemergence Soybean Herbicides for Individual Perennial Broadleaf Weed Species 23

3 Maximum Weed Size for Postemergence Soybean Herbicides for Individual Grass and Grass-like Weed Species 25 Maximum Weed Size for Postemergence Soybean Herbicides for Individual Broadleaf Weed Species 26 Application Rates and Perennial Grass Sizes for Treatment with Postemergence Herbicides 28 Adjuvants and Rainfastness Guidelines for Postemergence Herbicides 29 Tank-Mixing Postemergence Herbicides in Soybean and Comparative Residual Control 31 Feeding Restrictions on Soybean Hay and Preharvest Interval 32 Herbicide Site of Action for Reducing the Risk of Developing Herbicide-resistant Weeds 33 Crop Rotation Planting Restrictions 39 Comments for the Respective Herbicides Pre-plant Herbicides 47 Soil-applied Herbicides 51 Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides 56 Postemergence Grass Herbicides 59 Preharvest Applications for Harvest Aid in Soybean 60 General Herbicide Mixing Procedures 61 General Jar Test Procedures 62 Vegetative Key: Seedling Grass and Grasslike Weeds 63 Seedling Broadleaf Weeds 65 Precautions for Pesticide Use INSIDE BACK COVER Trade names or brand names given herein are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Delaware or Rutgers Cooperative Extension is implied. Pesticides recommended in this publication are designed to be toxic to target pests. They can be hazardous to human health and the environment if used improperly. Follow all directions, precautions, and restrictions listed on the pesticide labels. Use of any pesticide that is inconsistent with its label is a federal offense, and the user can be liable for injury and damages resulting from misuse.

4 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT Mark VanGessel, Quintin Johnson, and Brad Majek Weeds are a major factor limiting soybean production in the mid-atlantic region. Successful weed management programs rely on well-planned and well-executed control programs. These programs consider preventative methods of cultural, mechanical, and chemical weed control with reference to specific weed infestations. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE This guide is meant to help you make more informed decisions on weed management. The priority of weed management is to first determine if there is need for action; then select the most effective program for your situation. 1. Identify the weeds in each field that may reduce yield, quality, or crop maturity; 2. Consider cultural, mechanical, and biological control methods (if available) that may be useful. 3. List herbicides that can be used to control the weeds present in the field (see tables 4 and 5 for PRE and 10, 11 and 12 for POST); will more than one herbicide be needed for your weed population - can these herbicides be tank-mixed or is there a pre-mix (see tables 6 for PRE and 17 for POST); 4. Review possible crop rotation options and possible herbicide plant back restrictions (see table 21) and chose herbicide options compatible with the crop rotation plans, or revise the rotation; 5. Sample each soil type in the field separately to determine texture (by mechanical analysis), percent organic matter, ph, and CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity). Use the county soil survey and experience to determine the number of samples needed. Residual herbicide rates may depend on soil texture and percent organic matter (see table 7). Poor weed control or crop injury may result if the wrong rate is applied. See table 22 for comments and consult the herbicide label for restrictions; 6. When using postemergence herbicides, note what adjuvants are recommended (see table 16); 7. Evaluate herbicide programs for risk of herbicide resistant weed development, and use a second effective herbicide when relying on herbicides with a single site of action or rotate herbicides with various modes of actions (see table 20); 8. When there is still more than one herbicide that will perform similarly in your situation, determine the cost of each of your available options by considering product price, the number of spray applications needed, and your ability to accomplish the work on time. This guide is organized to help you answer most of these questions. Always be sure to consult the product label. Weed Identification. The first step in an effective weed control program is proper weed identification. Only by knowing the species present and relative weed populations on a field by field basis can the proper weed management program be developed. Specific information on weed identification is beyond the scope of this publication. Several excellent weed identification guides are available. One guide we recommend is WEEDS OF THE NORTHEAST available through Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca NY, Phone: 607/ INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Soybean fields that are weed-free for the first 3 to 4 weeks after planting will often yield the same as fields that are weed-free for the entire growing season. This approach relies on a residual soil-applied herbicide program. Weeds that germinate with the crop but are controlled in a timely (3 to 4 weeks after

5 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 2 planting) fashion will not impact final yields. This approach relies upon effective and timely postemergence weed control. Also, it is not necessary to control all weeds in a field to achieve maximum yield. Weed populations of 10 to 20 weeds per 10 square yards are sufficient to cause severe yield loss. However, weed populations at 1 plant per 10 square yards will have no impact on final yield. The impact of weed populations between 1 and 10 per yard is difficult to predict. The decision to treat the field depends on the weed species present, crop vigor, weather conditions, and herbicide cost. CULTURAL WEED CONTROL The best weed management tool available is a healthy, vigorous, crop canopy. Following good agronomic practices is a key component to weed management programs. Carefully consider seed source, agronomic traits of the variety selected, seedbed preparation, and planting procedures. Crop rotation is useful for the control of many pests, including weeds. The use of stale seedbeds can deplete the non-dormant weeds in the soil. Stale seedbeds accomplish this by early seedbed preparation followed by the elimination of one or several flushes of weed before planting the crop. One weed can produce thousands to over 100,000 seeds. Only a small percentage of the seeds germinate each year due to dormancy characteristics to ensure the survival of the weed. Control weeds before they flower to prevent seed production. MECHANICAL WEED CONTROL Mechanical weed control is still one of our most valuable weed control tools. Both primary tillage and cultivation should be considered for specific weed populations. Primary and secondary tillage can be especially helpful in controlling perennial broadleaf weeds that have developed under no-till systems. CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL Herbicides are useful tools in most weed management programs. They should be used to supplement, not replace, other methods or tools available. The following are definitions of terms you will find in this and similar publications on herbicides: Early preplant (EPP) - The herbicide is applied at least 14 days before planting. EPP applications are generally used in no-till systems to control existing vegetation and provide residual control of earlyemerging weed species. Preplant - The herbicide is applied from 0 to14 days before planting. PP applications are generally used in no-till systems to control existing vegetation and should include residual herbicides. Preplant Incorporated (PPI) - The herbicide is applied to the soil after primary tillage, but before planting, and mechanically mixed with the top 1 to 3 inches of soil with one of a variety of secondary tillage implements. Preemergence (PRE) - The herbicide is applied to the soil after the crop is planted but before emergence. Rainfall or irrigation is needed to move the herbicide into the zone of weed seed germination before weed emergence for maximum effectiveness. If adequate rainfall for herbicide activation does not occur, a shallow cultivation or rotary hoeing should be done to control weeds that have germinated. Postemergence (POST) - The herbicide is applied to the foliage of the crop and weeds after they have emerged. Post-directed (or directed) - Refers to use of special spray equipment to direct the spray at the weeds but avoid the spray coming in contact with as much of the crop as possible.

6 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 3 Residual activity - Herbicides that can be taken up by plants roots and shoots and injure or kill the plant. All soil-applied herbicides have residual activity as well as many postemergence herbicides. Length of residual activity ranges from a few weeks to the entire growing season. Translocated herbicide These herbicides move throughout the plant and can cause injury to parts of the plants that are do not come in direct contact with the herbicide spray. Contact herbicide - These herbicides do not move throughout the plant. They cause injury only to those parts of the plant that comes in contact with the spray. Spray coverage is more critical for contact than translocated herbicides. Non-selective herbicide - This refers to herbicides that control a broad-spectrum of plant species, including most crops and weeds. These herbicides are generally used with no-tillage production and are sprayed prior to planting when control of all plants is required. Adjuvants - Products you include in the spray tank to improve the performance of your herbicides. These include non-ionic surfactants (NIS), crop oil concentrate (COC), or nitrogen solutions. Adding additional adjuvants than what is labeled can increase the chance of crop injury. Surfactants are surface-active agents that reduce the surface tension of the spray solution. Surfactants include both nonionic surfactants (NIS) and crop oil concentrates (COC). In general, NIS should contain at least 80% active ingredient and COC should contain at least 15% emulsifier. When a surfactant is added, spray droplets fall through hairs to wet the surface of hairy leaves, and spread and stick to waxy leaves, rather than bead up and roll off. This permits a more uniform wetting of hairy or waxy leaf surfaces. Use care not to exceed the recommended surfactant rate. Too little or no surfactant may result in poor wetting. Too much surfactant may cause spray droplets to run together into a thin sheet, reducing spray retention. Many terms are used to describe surfactants, such as detergent, emulsifier, spreader, sticker or wetting agent. Banded Herbicide Application Herbicide use can be reduced by fifty to seventy-five percent by applying the herbicide in a narrow strip or band over the row. Preemergence and postemergence herbicides can be applied as banded sprays to reduce cost and the amount of herbicide used in conventional and certain minimum tillage systems. Band spraying consists of applying an herbicide in an 8- to 15-inch band over the crop row, leaving the row middles unsprayed. Weeds that emerge between the rows must be controlled by mechanical cultivation which may be done more economically than treating them with herbicides. Banding is not practical with herbicides that must be preplant incorporated, in no-till planting systems, or when rows are planted at a close spacing. Herbicide Use Rate The recommended use rates of soil-applied herbicides often vary with soil texture, organic matter content, and tillage systems. The use of soil-applied herbicide rates that are incorrect for the soil texture, ph, and organic matter may result in poor weed control or crop injury. Consult the herbicide label for the proper herbicide rate for your soils. Most of the herbicides recommended in this publication are selective. At the recommended rate of application, they will selectively control or injure weeds but will not seriously damage the crop in which these weeds are growing. In using selective herbicides, you should carefully follow the recommended application rate and follow instructions related to the use of surfactants and other additives. Using higher herbicide rates or additives that are not recommended may result in severe injury to the crop. You must accept the responsibility if you use an herbicide in a manner other than that directed on the herbicide label.

7 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 4 GENETICALLY ENHANCED VARIETIES Some soybean varieties have been genetically enhanced to withstand herbicide applications that previously would have injured or killed soybean. Genetically enhanced varieties allow herbicides to be used that provide a broader spectrum of control than would otherwise be available. Herbicide programs for genetically enhanced varieties also reduce the risk of crop injury associated with herbicide programs for conventional varieties. Genetically enhanced soybean varieties include Roundup Ready and STS. HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEEDS Herbicide resistant weeds have been reported in the Mid-Atlantic region. Populations of herbicide resistant weeds are selected for by repeated use of the same or similar herbicide over a period of time. Resistance is most likely to occur with residual herbicides having one specific mode of action. Weed species with a very high amount of seed production and a variable genetic pool are more likely to develop resistant populations, for example common lambsquarters and pigweed species. Resistance management requires using herbicides with multiple modes of action, and integrating mechanical (tillage and cultivation) and cultural weed control (cover crops, narrow row spacing, proper crop fertility etc.) with chemical weed control. Weed species prone to resistance and of concern in DE: WSSA Site of Action Numbering Broadleaf species Commn ragweed Common chickweed Common lambsquarters Giant ragweed Horseweed / marestail Palmer amaranth Smooth/redroot pigweed Grass species Annual (Italian) ryegrass Barnyardgrass Giant Foxtail Goosegrass Johnsongrass To preserve the usefulness of herbicides: plant into a clean field with no weeds present; o use tillage or an effective burndown herbicide for no-till; always use an effective soil-applied herbicide program shortly before or at planting; use multiple herbicide modes of action o consider herbicides sprayed previous year and what will be used in coming years; never apply glyphosate by itself when emerged Palmer amaranth plants are present; highly recommended to avoid use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides (Group 2) in corn and non-crop settings; postemergence applications must be made to small (less than 3 inch) plants; it is advisable to use PPO-inhibiting herbicides (Group 14) in one year, followed by an HPPD-

8 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 5 inhibiting herbicide (Group 27) the following year. For instance, use Group 14 herbicides (Valor, Sharpen, or Reflex) for soybeans, and Group 27 herbicides (mesotrione, tembotrione, or topramezone) for corn use full-labeled rates of herbicides; and control weeds when they are less than 3 inches and scout fields after treatment to determine if additional measures are needed. Remove suspected resistant plants (particularly Palmer amaranth) before they produce seeds. NO-TILL WEED MANAGEMENT Successful production of no-till soybean requires control of existing vegetation at planting (cover crops and weeds) and broadleaf and grass weeds that emerge after planting. A diversity of herbicides and cover crop and residue situations makes it impossible to utilize a single program to efficiently control weeds and grasses in all situations. Herbicide selection based on weed identification histories of each field is necessary to achieve maximum yield potential. Fields with heavy crop residues may require the maximum labeled rate of residual herbicides for acceptable performance. Encapsulated formulations, when available, may be less readily absorbed by heavy crop residues and may perform more consistently. Cultivation and mechanical weed control are very difficult or impossible unless you have a no-till or high residue cultivator. Without a special cultivator, cultivation is not considered an option in no-till production systems. Existing vegetation is traditionally controlled by the nonselective herbicides, which are often tank mixed with residual herbicides. Due to popularity of Roundup Ready soybeans, there has been less emphasis on residual herbicides and greater reliance on only glyphosate products for weed control. If soybeans are grown two out of three years (or more frequently) in the same field; and Roundup Ready soybeans are used; then it is recommended to NOT use glyphosate (Roundup, Touchdown or other formulations) prior to planting. Glyphosate-resistance weeds have been identified in our region and some winter annual weeds are not effectively controlled by glyphosate. Rather, a non-selective burndown program with 2,4-D or dicamba alone or tank-mixed with Gramoxone as the base herbicide(s) is recommended. Some residual herbicides, such as Canopy or Enive, can enhance burndown weed control. However, when they products are applied 14 to 28 days before soybean planting, they provided residual weed control for a limited period of time after planting soybeans. In fields with difficult to control weeds, an application of a non-selective herbicide and 2,4-D should be used 28 days prior to planting. Then the residual herbicide should be applied at time of soybean planting. This second application will improve both overall weed control No-till crop production tends to favor perennial weed populations, because their root systems are not disrupted by tillage. No-till also favors small-seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses (small seeded broadleaves include lambsquarters and pigweed) rather than large-seeded weeds such as velvetleaf. Escalating herbicide costs and interest in keeping herbicide use to a minimum encourages many people to consider use of postemergence herbicide programs. Experience leads us to suggest that existing vegetation should always be controlled prior to planting. In the mid-atlantic region, soil moisture is often the factor most limiting to yield. The decision to apply postemergence herbicides early preplant, at planting, or as a delayed preemergence (prior to soybean emergence) treatment to control existing emerged vegetation should always be made with consideration to the impact of the existing vegetation on the availability of soil moisture. Preemergence or postemergence herbicides can then be selected that will control weeds that emerge after planting. Reducing or eliminating all or some of the

9 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 6 preemergence herbicides can reduce costs in fields that historically have required postemergence herbicide applications. 2,4-D PREPLANT USE ON FULL-SEASON, NO-TILL SOYBEAN 2,4-D is labeled for use prior to planting soybean. Use Table 1 to determine the amount of 2,4-D to use and the time interval needed between applications and planting soybean. The following is a list of restrictions and limitations for the preplant use of 2,4-D on soybean: Do not apply when weather conditions, such as temperature, air inversions or wind, favor drift from treated areas to susceptible plants. Do not exceed the 2,4-D rates given on the herbicide label. Do not apply 2,4-D prior to planting soybean if you are not prepared to accept the results of soybean injury, including possible loss of stand and yield. Do not replant fields treated with 2,4-D in the same growing season with crops other than those labeled for 2,4-D preplant use. Do not mow or cultivate weeds prior to treating with 2,4-D or poor control may result. Do not cut for feed or graze soybean grown in fields that have received a 2,4-D preplant application. DICAMBA PREPLANT USE ON FULL-SEASON, NO-TILL SOYBEAN Dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, Sterling, and others) is labeled for use prior to planting soybean, and is effective on many annual, biennial, and perennial broadleaf weeds. It is particularly effective on horseweed at low use rates. Use Table 1 to determine the amount of dicamba to use and the time interval needed between applications and planting soybean. Dicamba may cause injury to desirable trees and plants (beans, flowers, cotton, fruit trees, grapes, ornamentals, peas, potatoes, soybeans, sunflowers, tobacco, tomatoes, etc.) when contacting their roots, stems, or foliage. The following is a list of restrictions and limitations for the preplant use of Banvel or Sterling on soybean. Though the Clarity label is less restrictive, these should be observed for Clarity applications as well. Do not treat areas where possible downward movement into the soil or surface washing may cause contact of dicamba with the roots of desirable plants such as trees or shrubs. Avoid making applications when spray particles can be carried by wind currents to areas where sensitive crops and plants are growing, or if wind is gusty or in excess of 5 mph and moving in the direction of adjacent sensitive crops. Use spray nozzles that produce coarse sprays, and if possible keep spray pressures at or below 20 psi and spray volume at or above 20 gpa. Do not make applications when temperature inversions exist, or when the temperature on the day of application is expected to exceed 85 degrees F. Spray equipment used to apply dicamba should be thoroughly cleaned before reusing to apply any other herbicides, particularly to sensitive crops, or injury may occur. See label for procedures for cleaning spray equipment.

10 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 7 TABLE 1: 2,4-D AND DICAMBA APPLICATION RATE CHART FOR PREPLANT USE ON FULL SEASON, NO- TILL SOYBEAN Product and formulation 2,4-D amine (4 lb ai per gallon) 2,4-D ester (4 lb ai per gallon) Banvel or Sterling c (4 lb ae per gallon dimethylamine salt of dicamba) Clarity d (4 lb ae per gallon diglycolamine salt of dicamba) Rate Active ingredient (lb ai) When to apply (days EPP a or ARA b ) pt days EPP > pt > days EPP pt days EPP > pt > days EPP 8-16 oz days EPP >16-32 oz > days EPP 4-8 oz days ARA >8-16 oz > days ARA a EPP = Early Preplant b ARA = After Rainfall Accumulation c the cropping restrictions included in this table for Banvel and Sterling apply to geographic areas with greater than 30 inches of annual rainfall. d the cropping restrictions included in this table for Clarity apply to geographic areas with greater than 25 inches of annual rainfall. The Clarity label requires a minimum accumulation of one inch of rainfall or overhead irrigation after the Clarity application. After the rainfall accumulation requirement has been met, the 14 or 28 day waiting period (depending upon rate) begins. Based on historical weather data at the University of Delaware Research & Education Center in Georgetown, Delaware, the average number of days to accumulate one inch of rainfall for applications made during the month of April is 11 to 13 days. Therefore, in an average year, the 14 days ARA requirement for the 4 to 8 oz/a rate of Clarity would translate to 26 days (or roughly 4 weeks) EPP. The maximum number of days to accumulate 1 inch of rainfall in the last 20 years was 36 days, which would translate to 50 days (or roughly 7 weeks) EPP.

11 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 8 TABLE 2: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GLYPHOSATE FORMULATIONS There are numerous products containing glyphosate in the marketplace, but there is no consistency in how the companies report what is contained in the jug. Glyphosate is an acid, but it is formulated as a salt for packaging and handling. Roundup is formulated with the potassium salt, whereas Showdown includes both monoammonium and isopropylamine salts. Some companies report their product as acid equivalent (ae) of glyphosate acid, or some report it as active ingredient (ai) of glyphosate plus the salt, and others report both. In order to compare performance of different formulations it is critical to know how the products were formulated. Since the salt does not contribute to weed control and different salts have different weights, the acid equivalent is a more accurate method of expressing, and comparing, concentrations. Adjuvant loading refers to the amount of adjuvant already added to the glyphosate product. Fully loaded products contain all the necessary adjuvants. Other products contain only a limited amount of adjuvant (minimal or partial loading) and additional surfactants must be added to the spray tank before application. Refer to product labels for specific recommendations. All glyphosate brands recommend adding ammonium sulfate (AMS) if using hard water as a carrier or under other challenging conditions. If using AMS, always dissolve it in the spray solution before adding glyphosate. Formulation (salt) of the glyphosate acid Rate (fl oz) for 0.75 lb ae Trade name Company lb ae/gal lb ai/gal Adjuvant load Duramax Dow DMA a 24 full Durango DMA Dow DMA a 24 full Showdown Helena IPA b + MNH d 32 partial Hoss Ultra Helena IPA b 32 full Glyphogan Plus Mana K c 22 full Roundup PowerMAX Monsanto K c 22 partial Roundup WeatherMax Monsanto K c 22 full (TranSorb II) Credit Nufarm IPA b 32 partial Credit Extra Nufarm IPA b 32 full Credit Xtreme Nufarm IPA b + K c 22 full Extra Credit 5 Nufarm IPA b 26 partial Touchdown Syngenta DA e 32 full (IQ) Touchdown HiTech Syngenta K c 19 minimal Touchdown Total Syngenta K c 24 full (IQ) Mirage UAP IPA b 32 partial Mirage Plus UAP IPA b 32 full a dimethylamine salt b isopropylamine salt c potassium salt d monoammonium salt e diammonium salt

12 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 9 TABLE 3: PREPACKAGE MIXTURES OF SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES FOR SOYBEAN, AND THE EQUIVALENT PRODUCTS SOA If you Trade name num. Common name Formulation apply Equivalent tank mix of: Anthem 2.15 SE 6.5 fl oz/a Cadet 14 fluthiacet lb 0.45 fl oz Cadet 0.91 EC pyroxasulfone 15 pyroxasulfone 2.09 lb [[2 oz Zidua 85 WG]] Authority Assist 4.0 SC 6 fl oz/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 3.33 lb 5 fl oz Spartan 4 F Pursuit 2 imazethapyr 0.67 lb 2 fl oz Pursuit 2.0 AS Authority Elite 7 L 1.5 pt/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 0.7 lb 4.2 fl oz Spartan 4F Dual Magnum 15 s-metolachlor 6.3 lb 1.24 pt Dual Magnum 7.62 EC Authority First 70 DF 6.45 oz/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 62.1 % [[8 fl oz Spartan 4 F]] FirstRate 2 cloransulam methyl 7.9 % 0.6 oz FirstRate 84 WG Authority Maxx # 66 DG 5 oz/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone % [[6.2 fl oz Spartan 4 F]] Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 3.88 % 0.8 oz Classic 25DF # This product is labeled for use in Delaware, but the ratio of active ingredients is not appropriate for conditions in Delaware Authority MTZ 45 DF 14 oz/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 18 % [[5 fl oz Spartan 4 F]] metribuzin 5 metribuzin 27 % 5 oz metribuzin 75 DF Authority XL 70 DG 4 oz/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 62.2 % [[5 fl oz Spartan 4 F]] Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 7.8 % 1.25 oz Classic 25DF Boundary # 6.5 EC 1.25 pt/a Dual Magnum 15 s-metolachlor 5.25 lb 0.82 pt Dual Magnum 7.62 EC metribuzin 5 metribuzin 1.25 lb [[4.18 oz metribuzin 75 DF]] # This product is labeled for use in Delaware, but the ratio of active ingredients is not appropriate for conditions in Delaware Canopy 75 DF 4 oz/a metribuzin 5 metribuzin 64.3 % 3.43 oz metribuzin 75 DF Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 10.7 % 1.71 oz Classic 25 DF Canopy EX 29.5 DF 2.2 oz/a Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 22.7 % 2 oz Classic 25 DF Express 2 tribenuron methyl 6.8 % 0.2 oz Express 75 DF [[formulation of pre-mix does not match with individual products. Poducts are listed only for comparsions]] continued on next page

13 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 10 SOA If you Trade name num. Common name Formulation apply Equivalent tank mix of: Enlite # 47.9 DG 2.8 oz/a Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 2.85 % 0.32 oz Classic 25 DF Valor SX 14 flumioxazin 36.2 % 2 oz Valor SX 51 WG Harmony SG 2 thifensulfuron methyl 8.8 % 0.5 oz Harmony 50 SG # This product is labeled for use in DE, but the ratio of active ingredients is not appropriate for conditions in DE Envive 41.3 DG 3 oz/a Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 9.2 % 1.1 oz Classic 25 DF Valor SX 14 flumioxazin 29.2 % 1.7 oz Valor SX 51 WG Harmony SG 2 thifensulfuron methyl 2.9 % 0.18 oz Harmony 50 SG Fierce 76 WG 3.75 oz/a Valor SX 14 flumioxazin oz Valor SX 51 WG Zidua 15 pyroxasulfone oz Zidua 85 WG Fierce XLT WG 3.75 oz/a Valor SX 14 flumioxazin % 1.8 oz Valor SX 51 WG Zidua 15 pyroxasulfone % 1.4 oz Zidua 85 WG Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 6.67 % 1.0 oz Classic 25 DF Flexstar GT 3.3 L 3 pt/a Flexstar 14 fomesafen 0.66 lb 1 pt Flexstar 1.88 L glyphosate 9 glyphosate 2.63 lb ae 30 oz Touchdown Total 4.2 SL Gangster CoPack V and FR 3 oz/a Valor SX 14 flumioxazin 2.5 oz Valor SX 51 WG FirstRate 2 cloransulam methyl 0.5 oz FirstRate 84 WG Intimidator # 4.81 L 2 pt/a Dual Magnum 15 s-metolachlor 3.39 lb 0.92 pt Dual Magnum 7.62 E metribuzin 5 metribuzin 0.75 lb [[4 oz metribuzin 75 DF]] Reflex 14 fomesafen 0.67 lb 0.67 pt Reflex 2 LC # This product is labeled for use in DE, but the ratio of active ingredients is not appropriate for conditions in DE Matador # 4.7 L 1.3 qt/a Dual 15 metolachlor 4.01 lb 1.3 pt Dual 8 EC metribuzin 5 metribuzin 0.56 lb [[3.88 oz metribuzin 75 DF]] Pursuit 2 imazethapyr 0.13 lb 2.67 fl oz Pursuit 2 AS # This product is labeled for use in DE, but the ratio of active ingredients is not appropriate for conditions in DE OpTill 68 WG 2 oz/a Sharpen 14 saflufenacil 17.8% [[1.0 fl oz Sharpen 2.85 SC]] Pursuit 2 imazethapyr 50.2% [[4.0 fl oz Pursuit** 2 AS]] [[formulation of pre-mix does not match with individual products. Poducts are listed only for comparsions]] continued on next page

14 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 11 SOA If you Trade name num. Common name Formulation apply Equivalent tank mix of: OpTill PRO CoPack (dry and liquid) Dry: Dry: 2 oz wt/a Sharpen 14 saflufenacil 17.8% [[1.0 fl oz Sharpen 2.85 SC]] Pursuit 2 imazethapyr 50.2% [[4.0 fl oz Pursuit 2 AS]] Liquid: Liquid: 10 fl oz/a Outlook 15 dimethenamid-p 6.0 lb 10 fl oz Outlook 6 E Permit Plus a 74 WG 1.25 oz/a Permit 2 halosulfuron 66.2% 1.1 oz Permit 75WG Harmony SG 2 thifensulfuron 7.8% oz Harmony 50 SG a for use only with sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean (STS) varieties. Prefix 5.3 E 2 pt/a Dual Magnum 15 s-metolachlor 4.34 lb 1.14 pt Dual Magnum 7.62 E Reflex 14 fomesafen 0.95 lb 0.95 pt Reflex 2 LC Pummel 5.25 L 2 pt/a Dual Magnum 15 s-metolachlor 5.0 lb 1.3 pt Dual Magnum 7.62 E Pursuit 2 imazethapyr 0.25 lb 4.0 fl oz Pursuit 2 AS *Do not use on course-textured soils with less than 3% om Sequence 5.25 EW 3 pt/a Dual Magnum 15 s-metolachlor 3.0 lb 1.2 pt Dual Magnum 7.62 E glyphosate 9 glyphosate 2.25 lb ae 22 oz Touchdown HiTech 5 SL Sonic 70 DF 6.45 oz/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 62.1 % [[8 fl oz Spartan 4 F]] FirstRate 2 cloransulam methyl 7.9 % 0.6 oz FirstRate 84 WG Spartan Advance 4.6 SC 1.5 qt/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 0.56 lb 6.7 fl oz Spartan 4 F glyphosate 9 glyphosate 4.04 lb 1.5 qt glyphosate 3 L Spartan Charge 3.5 SC 6 fl oz/a Spartan 14 sulfentrazone 3.15 lb 6 fl oz Spartan 4 F Cadet 14 fluthiacet 0.35 lb 1.9 fl oz Cadet 0.91 EC Synchrony XP 28.4 XP 2 oz/a Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 21.5 % 1.72 oz Classic 25 DF Harmony SG 2 thifensulfuron methyl 6.9 % 0.27 oz Harmony 50 SG Surveil CoPack V and FR 3 oz/a Valor SX 14 flumioxazin 2.5 oz Valor SX 51 WG FirstRate 2 cloransulam methyl 0.5 oz FirstRate 84 WG [[formulation of pre-mix does not match with individual products. Poducts are listed only for comparsions]] continued on next page

15 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 12 SOA If you Trade name num. Common name Formulation apply Equivalent tank mix of: Torment 2.5 L 1 pt/a Reflex 14 fomesafen 2 lb 1 pt Reflex 2 LC Pursuit 2 imazethapyr 0.5 lb 4.0 fl oz Pursuit 2 AS # This product is labeled for use in DE, but the ratio of active ingredients is not appropriate for conditions in DE Trivence 61.3 DG 6 oz wt/a Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 3.9 % 0.9 oz Classic 25 DF Valor SX 14 flumioxazin 12.8 % 1.5 oz Valor SX 51 WG metribuzin 5 metribuzin 44.6 % 3.6 oz metribuzin 75 DF Valor XLT 40.3 WG 3 oz/a Valor SX 14 flumioxazin 30 % 1.76 oz Valor SX 51 WG Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 10.3% 1.24 oz Classic 25 DF Verdict 5.57 EC 5 fl oz/a Sharpen 14 saflufenacil 0.57 lb 1.0 fl oz Sharpen 2.85 SC Outlook 15 dimethenamid-p 5.0 lb 4.2 fl oz Outlook 6 E [[formulation of pre-mix does not match with individual products. Poducts are listed only for comparsions]]

16 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 13 TABLE 4: RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOIL-APPLIED SOYBEAN HERBICIDES FOR INDIVIDUAL GRASS AND GRASS-LIKE WEED SPECIES * indicate ratings will be improved by one rating over what is rated here with pre-plant incorporated ^ indicate a two level improvement with a pre-plant incorporated application Legend - based on adequate moisture, good growing conditions, and proper herbicide application E = Excellent (>90% control) G-E = Good to Excellent G = Good (80-90% control) F-G = Fair to Good F = Fair (60-80% control) P-F = Poor to Fair P = Poor (20-60% control) N = None (<20% control) SOA number Barnyardgrass Bermudagrass Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrass Single active ingredient products Command 3ME 13 F-G P G-E F-G E E E P N P G-E P G N Define 15 G N F G G G-E G-E F N N F F F P Dual Magnum/ Cinch 15 G-E N F-G G-E* G-E E E P N N F P P F* FirstRate 2 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Lorox / Linex (PRE only) 7 F N P F F F F P N N F P N N Metribuzin 5 P-F N P-F P-F P-F P-F P-F P N N P P N N Intrro 15 G-E N F-G F-G E E E P N N F P P P* Outlook 15 G-E N G G G G-E G P N N P-F P P F Prowl / other pendimethalin 3 formulations G-E* N* F-G* F F-G* G^ F^ F^ N* N* F^ F^ P-F^ N Python 2 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Treflan / other trifluralin 3 formulations (PPI only) E P G G G E E G P P G G G N Valor SX 14 P N P P P P P N N N N N P N Zidua 15 G-E N - E G-E E E P-F N N - P-F P P Premixes Anthem 14/15 G-E N - E G-E E E P-F N N - P-F P P Authority Assist 2/14 P-F N N N P-F P-F N N N N N N N F Authority First / Sonic 2/14 P N P P P P P P N N - - P P Authority MTZ 5/14 P N P P P P P N N N N N N N Authority XL 2/14 P N P P-F P-F P-F P N N N N N N P Boundary 5/15 G-E N F-G G-E* G-E E E P N N F P P F* Canopy 2/5 F N P-F F F F P P N N P P N P Envive 2/2/14 F N P-F F F F P N N N N N P P Fierce 14/15 G-E N - E G-E E E P-F N N - P-F P P Gangster / Surveil 2/14 P N P P P P P N N N N N P N Permit Plus a 2/2 N N N N N N N N N N N N N F Prefix 14/15 G-E N F-G G-E* G-E E E P N N F P P F* Sequence 9/15 G-E N F-G G-E G-E E E P N N F P P F Synchrony XP 2/2 P N P P P P P P N N P P P P Valor XLT 2/14 F N P-F F F F P N N N N N P P a for use only with sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean (STS) varieties. Fall panicum Foxtails Goosegrass Johnsongrass (seedling) Johnsongrass (rhizome) Quackgrass Sandbur Shattercane Texas panicum Yellow nutsedge

17 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 14 TABLE 5: RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOIL-APPLIED SOYBEAN HERBICIDES FOR INDIVIDUAL BROADLEAF WEED SPECIES * indicate ratings will be improved by one rating over what is rated here with pre-plant incorporated ^ indicate a two level improvement with a pre-plant incorporated application Legend - based on adequate moisture, good growing conditions, and proper herbicide application E = Excellent (>90% control) G-E = Good to Excellent G = Good (80-90% control) F-G = Fair to Good F = Fair (60-80% control) P-F = Poor to Fair P = Poor (20-60% control) N = None (<20% control) Single active ingredient products SOA number Eastern black nightshade Burcucumber Cocklebur Jimsonweed Lambsquarters Morningglory (annual spp.) Pigweed / Palmer amaranth Giant ragweed Common ragweed Sicklepod Smartweed Spurred anoda Prickly sida or teaweed Tropic croton Velvetleaf Command 3ME 13 P P P F-G G N P-F P-F F P F-G E F-G G E Define 15 P N N N P N F-G N P N P N P - N Dual Magnum/ Cinch 15 F N N N P-F N G N P N P N P N N FirstRate 2 N P G G E G P F-G G N G G N N G Lorox / Linex (PRE only) 7 P P P-F P-F G-E P-F E P G P-F G P F-G P F Metribuzin 5 P P F F G-E P-F E P G F-G G F G F-G F-G Intrro 15 F-G N N N P-F N G N P N P N P N N Outlook 15 F N N N P N G N P N P N P N N Prowl / other pendimethalin 3 formulations N N N N F-G* P G N P N P N P P F Python 2 P-F P F-G F-G G-E P E P P F-G E F F-G - G Treflan / other trifluralin 3 formulations (PPI only) N N N N G P G N N N P N N P N Valor SX 14 G N N F-G G F-G G P-F F-G N P F-G G F-G P Zidua 15 F N N F G G E N P-F N P N P P P Premixes Anthem 14/15 F N N F G G E P F N P N P P P Authority Assist 2/14 G-E N F-G F-G F-G F-G G P P P F-G F - - F-G Authority First / Sonic 1/14 G-E P F-G G G F-G G F-G G P G G F-G - G Authority MTZ 5/14 F-G P P-F F G F G P P - F-G F F-G F F Authority XL 2/14 G P-F F F-G G F G F P-F - G-E F G F P Boundary 5/15 P P F F G P-F E P G F-G G F G F-G F-G Canopy 2/5 P-F F F-G* F-G* G-E F E F G F-G G-E F-G G-E F-G F Envive 2/2/14 G P-F F F-G G F G F-G P-F - G-E F-G G F P Fierce 14/15 G N N F-G G F-G E P-F F-G N P F-G G F-G P Gangster / Surveil 2/14 G P G G E G G F-G G N G G G F-G G Permit Plus a 2/2 N P P G F P-F E P F-G - F G Prefix 14/15 F - N F-G P-F P G-E N F - G F Sequence 9/15 F N N N P-F N G N P N P N P N N Synchrony XP 2/2 N P F-G F-G G F E F G - G - F - G Valor XLT 2/14 G P-F F F-G G F G F-G P-F - G-E F-G G F P an - indicates that insufficient data or experience available. a for use only with sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean (STS) varieties.

18 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 15 TABLE 6: TANK-MIXING SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES IN SOYBEAN AND COMPARATIVE RESIDUAL CONTROL Often the variety of weeds in a given field is great enough to consider tank-mixing two or more herbicides to broaden the spectrum of control. Many herbicide labels have detailed information on which products can be tank-mixed as well as detailed procedures for mixing the products. Unless specifically prohibited on product labels, other tank-mix combinations may be appropriate for use. Be sure to check both product labels as well as supplemental labels, and adhere to the most restrictive label precautions. Roundup, Gramoxone, Touchdown, or 2,4-D may be tank-mixed with many soil-applied products for increased burndown in conservation tillage systems. See burndown herbicide section for more information about these potential tank-mix partners. Comparable residual activity is given for comparison purposes only. These are based on herbicide halflife which is the length of time it takes for half the herbicide to break down. Herbicide degradation (breakdown) is the result of chemical and/or microbial degradation which can be dependent on soil ph, soil temperature and soil moisture levels. Since degradation is dependent on a number of factors, length of time can vary for herbicides based on the specific conditions. Residual activity is not the same as herbicide carryover. Residual activity: N= none or negligible S= short (less than 2 wks) M= moderate (less than one month) L= long (one to two months) VL= very long (greater than 2 months) Single ai Herbicides Residual Activity Single ai Herbicides Residual Activity Premix Herbicides Residual Activity Command M Treflan L Fierce XLT L Define L Valor SX L Gangster L Dual II Magnum L Zidua L OpTill VL FirstRate M Premix Herbicides OpTill PRO VL Lorox / Linex L Anthem L Permit Plus M Metribuzin L Authority Assist VL Prefix L Intrro M Authority First L Sequence L Outlook M Authority MTZ L Sonic L Prowl / pendimethalin L Authority XL L Spartan Advance L-VL Pursuit VL Boundary L Surveil L Python L-VL Canopy L Synchrony XP L Sharpen S-M Canopy EX L Valor XLT L Spartan L-VL Envive L Verdict M Fierce L

19 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 16 TABLE 7: USE RATE PER ACRE FOR SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES Use the higher rate in a given rate range when there is large amounts of crop residue on the soil surface; if percent organic matter is at the higher end of the range scale; if soil texture is close to the next range; and/or if heavy weed infestations are expected. Application: EPP= early pre-plant (assumes 14 days or longer prior to planting) NT= no-tillage or minimum tillage Conv= conventional tillage (moldboard or chisel plowing) PPI= pre-plant incorporated All= rates are same for all labeled application types Soil types: Coarse: sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam Medium: loam, silt loam, and silt Fine: sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay Single active SOA Days Coarse texture Medium texture Fine texture ingredient Footnote Applic. planting unit before Rate products num. <3% >3% <3% >3% <3% >3% Command 13 EPP/NT/ 1 3ME Conv 30 pts Define 4SC 15 5, 13 All 14 oz Dual II 15 3, 4, 10 EPP/NT pts Magnum 2, 5, 10 PPI/Conv. pts FirstRate 2 PPI/Conv./ 25 NT oz Linex 4 L 7 12 NT/Conv. pts Lorox 7 12 NT/Conv. lbs Metribuzin 5 All except 7 75DF PPI 30 oz Intrro 15 2 NT qts , 9 Conv. qts , 26 EPP 45 oz NR NR Outlook 5, 15, PPI/Conv./ 26 NT oz EC pendimethalin 3 20 EPP/PPI 45/60 pts NT/Conv. pts Prowl H2O 3 20 EPP/PPI 45/60 pts NT/Conv pts Python 2 11 All 30 oz Spartan 14 All fl oz Treflan 3 27 PPI only pts Valor SX 14 1, 23, EPP/PRE/ 25 NT oz Zidua 15 All 45 oz premix products on next page

20 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 17 SOA Days Coarse texture Medium texture Fine texture Premix Footnote Applic. planting unit <3% >3% <3% >3% <3% >3% before Rate Products num. Anthem 14/15 EPP fl oz PPI/PRE fl oz Authority 2/14 29, 30, Assist 33 All 45 oz Authority 2/14 First/ Sonic 29, 30 All oz Authority 5/14 29, 30, MTZ 33 All 45 oz Authority 2/14 XL 30, 35 All 45 oz Boundary 5/14 7, 22, 24 NT 30 pts EC 7, 21 Conv pts Canopy 2/5 28 All 45 oz Canopy EX 2/2 17, 18, EPP oz Envive 2/2/14 see 17, 18, EPP/PRE note 34 NT 19 oz Fierce 14/15 see EPP/PRE , 36 note oz NT /14 see Gangster / 1, 25, All note Surveil 19, oz Permit 2/2 EPP/PRE oz Plus NT 14/15 24 NT/EPP 15 pts Prefix 5 Conv/PPI pts Sequence 9/15 NT/EPP 30 pts Synchrony XP Valor XLT 2/2 2/14 17, 18 NT/EPP 45 oz , 30, 32 EPP/PRE NT see note 32 oz Footnotes: 1= rate is a function of weeds present rather than soil type; refer to product label. 2= application rate varies within range based on application alone or with tank-mix partners (see label). 3= use split applications of 67% followed by 33% at planting for applications made 30 to 45 days EPP. 4= early-pre-plant on coarse-textured soils should be applied within 14 days of planting. 5= rates are same for PPI and PRE. 6= split applications of 2/3 followed by 1/3. 7= rates listed are based on local experiences and lower than rates on the label. Consult label for more details. Label states only for use on sand or loamy sands with less than 2% organic matter at reduced rates. 9= if incorporating Intrro, increase rate by 0.25 qts/a. 10= use up to 2.6 pt/a (applied alone) or 2.33 pt/a (in tank-mix) on soils with 6 to 20% organic matter. 11= lower rates are recommended for highly sensitive species. Refer to product label. 12= do not use on sand or loamy sands with less than 1% organic matter. 13= 14 oz/a will provide full-season annual grass control on coarse-textured soils, but only early-season control on medium or fine textured soils. Less than 14 oz/a will provide only early-season weed control on all soil textures. 14= if cocklebur and/or pigweed are the only weeds, then the rate is 2.15 oz/a. 15= reduced rates (6-16 oz/a of Outlook) may be used for partial control or shorter soil residual control. See label. footnotes continued on next page

21 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 18 17= applications to coarse-textured soils are not prohibited on the label, but are not included in the rate table. 18= the rate is limited on soils with greater than ph 7, consult label. 19= preplant applications must be made no earlier than October 15 or when soil temperature falls below 50F at a 2 inch depth to maintain residual weed control into the spring (May 1) or until planting, whichever comes first. 20= Generic EC (emulsifiable concentrate) pendimethalin formulations are available. Check label to verify rates. EC pendimethalin formulations or Prowl H2O can be applied to the surface alone up to 15 days EPP or in certain tank-mixes up to 45 days EPP (see label). They can be applied up to 60 days EPP if incorporated within 7 days. 21= for pre-plant incorporated application, use lower rate. 22= refer to label for rates with EPP followed by PRE (sequential) applications. 23= rate is a function of weeds species, organic matter, and soil type. Refer to label. 24= use low rate range for low residue level or soils with less than 3% organic matter. Use the higher rate range for high residue level or soils with greater than 3% organic matter. 25= applications to soils with greater than 5% organic matter may result in reduced control. 26= use 21 oz/a on all soils with greater than 8% organic matter. 27= use 2.0 to 2.5 pt/a on soils with 5 to 10% organic matter. 28= use the lower end of rate range in the <3% organic matter column when POST broadleaf herbicide applications are preplanned. This is labeled for soils with 0.5 to 4% organic matter. 29= do not use on sands with less than 1% organic matter. 30= preemergence applications must be made within 3 days after planting, but before the crop emerges. 31= this is labeled for soils with 1.5 to 4% organic matter. 32= preplant applications must be made no earlier than November 15 or when soil temperature falls below 50F at a 2 inch depth to maintain residual weed control into the spring (April 1) or until planting, whichever comes first. 33= Organic Matter range is 1 to 2% and 2 to 4%. 34= Labeled for soils with 0.5 to 5% organic matter. 35= Organic matter range is 0.5 to 2% and 2 to 4%. 36= Do not irrigate when soybeans are cracking. 37= For use only with sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean (STS) varieties. 38= Label provides rates for <1.5, 1.5-3%, and >3% organic matter. 4.5 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 fl oz is the rate range at <1.5% om for coarse, medium, and fine textured soils, respectively. 39= if applied as a pre-plant incorporated, incorporate in the upper 1-2 of soil surface, deeper incorporation may increase potential crop injury and may result in reduced weed control.

22 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 19 TABLE 8: WATER SOLUBILITY OF SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES Solubility is measured in parts per million (ppm) as how many milliliters of the herbicide will dissolve in 1 liter of water. The less soluble the herbicide, the more moisture (rain or irrigation) needed to incorporate (activate) the herbicide. The relative moisture to activate the herbicide is a guideline for rainfall or irrigation needed within a short time after application to move the herbicide into the root zone. Amount of moisture needed will also depend on the soil moisture level at time of application. Relative moisture ranges from little ( + ) to high amount of moisture (++++). ppm <100= ++++; = +++; ppm= ++; >500= + NOTE: ++++ does not need 4X the moisture as + ; it is used to demonstrate herbicides with more + s need more moisture for incorporation (activation). Herbicide Solubility (ppm ) Relative moisture required to activate Classic ph 5: 11 ph 6.5: 450 ph 7: 1, Command 1,100 + Dual Magnum Express ph 5: >ph 7: > FirstRate ph 5: ph 7: Harmony SG ph 5: >ph 7: >2,240 + Lorox / Linex Metribuzin 1,200 + Intrro Outlook 1,174 + Prowl / other pendimethalin formulations Pursuit 1,400 + Python 5,600 + Reflex / Flexstar 600,000 + Sharpen ph5 : ph7 : Spartan Treflan / other formulations Valor SX Zidua Premix Constituents Premix Constituents Anthem Cadet, pyroxasulfone Flexstar GT Flexstar, glyphosate Authority Assist Spartan, Pursuit Gangster / Surveil Valor SX, FirstRate Authority First / Sonic Spartan, FirstRate OpTill Sharpen, Pursuit Authority MTZ Spartan, metribuzin OpTill PRO Sharpen, Pursuit, Outlook Authority XL Spartan, Classic Permit Plus Harmony SG, Sandea Boundary Dual, metribuzin Prefix Dual, Reflex Canopy Classic, metribuzin Sequence Dual, glyphosate Canopy EX Classic, Express Spartan Advance Spartan, glyphosate Envive Classic, Valor SX, Harmony SG Synchrony XP Classic, Harmony SG Fierce Valor SX, Zidua Valor XLT Valor SX, Classic Fierce XLT Clasic, Valor SX, Zidua

23 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 20 TABLE 9: PREPACKAGE MIXTURES OF POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR SOYBEAN, AND EQUIVALENT PRODUCTS SOA If you Trade name num. Common name Formulation apply Equivalent tank mix of: Extreme 2.17 EC 3 pt/a Pursuit 2 imazethapyr 0.17 lb 4 fl oz Pursuit 2 AS Roundup Original 9 glyphosate 2.0 lb 0.75 qt Roundup 4 EC Flexstar GT 3.3 L 3 pt/a Flexstar 14 fomesafen 0.66 lb 1 pt Flexstar 1.88 L Glyphosate 9 glyphosate 2.63 lb ae 30 oz Touchdown Total 4.2 SL Fusion 2.66 EC 8 fl oz/a Fusilade DX 1 fluazifop-butyl 2.00 lb 8 oz Fusilade DX 2 EC fenoxaprop a 1 fenoxaprop-ethyl 0.66 lb 0.66 lb fenoxaprop Marvel 3 L 7.25 fl oz/a Cadet 14 fluthiacet methyl lb 0.9 fl oz Cadet 0.91 EC Reflex 14 fomesafen lb 10.5 fl oz Reflex 2 LC # This product is labeled for use in DE, but the ratio of active ingredients is not appropriate for conditions in DE Permit Plus b 74 WG 0.75 oz/a Permit 2 halosulfuron 66.2% 0.67 oz Permit 75 DF Harmony SG 2 thifensulfuron 7.78% oz Harmony 50 SG Storm 4 S 1.5 pt/a Basagran 6 bentazon 2.67 lb 1 pt Basagran 4 S Blazer 14 acifluorfen 1.33 lb 1 pt Blazer 2 E Sequence 5.25 EW 2.5 pt/a Dual II Magnum 15 s-metolachlor 3.00 lb 1 pt Dual II Mag E Touchdown Total 9 glyphosate 2.25 lb 22 oz Touchdown Total 4.2 SL Synchrony XP 28.4 XP 0.75 oz/a Classic 2 chlorimuron ethyl 21.5 % 0.64 oz Classic 25 DF Harmony SG 2 thifensulfuron methyl 6.9 % oz Harmony 50SG a this compound is not formulated alone for use in soybeans. b for use only with sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean (STS) varieties.

24 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 21 TABLE 10: RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSTEMERGENCE SOYBEAN HERBICIDES FOR INDIVIDUAL GRASS AND GRASS-LIKE WEED SPECIES Legend - based on adequate moisture, good growing conditions, and proper herbicide application E = Excellent (>90% control) G-E = Good to Excellent G = Good (80-90% control) F-G = Fair to Good F = Fair (60-80% control) P-F = Poor to Fair P = Poor (20-60% control) N = None (<20% control) Single active ingredient products SOA number Barnyardgrass Bermudagrass Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrass Fall panicum Basagran F Classic P-F Fusilade DX 1 E G G F-G E E G E G-E G G E G N Glyphosate c 9 E G E E G-E E E E G G-E E G G P-F Liberty 280 d 10 F-G N F F F-G F-G P F-G N F F-G F-G F-G P Poast 1 E F-G G G-E E E G-E E G G G G G N Pursuit 2AS 2 F N F-G F-G F F-G P G P-F N P-F G P-F P Raptor 2 F-G N F-G F-G F-G G P G P-F N F G P-F P Select Max 1 E G-E G-E E E E G E G-E G-E G E G N Targa / Assure II 1 G-E G G F-G E G G E G-E G G E G N Premixes Extreme c 2/9 E G E E G-E E E E G G-E E G G P-F Flexstar GT c 9/14 E G E E G-E E E E G G-E E G G P-F Fusion 1/1 E F-G G G E E G E G G G E G N Permit Plus a 2/2 N N N N N N N N N N N N N E Sequence c 9/15 E G E E G-E E E E G G-E E G G P-F Synchrony XP a 2/ F Synchrony XP b 2/ P an - indicates that insufficient data or experience available. a for use in STS soybeans only at 0.75 oz/a rate. b for use in Non-STS soybeans at oz/a rate. c for use only with glyphosate-tolerant soybean varieties. d for use only with glufosinate-tolerant soybean varieties. Foxtails Goosegrass Johnsongrass (seedling) Johnsongrass (rhizome) The following herbicides are not recommended for postemergence grass control: 2,4-DB, Basagran, Blazer, Cadet, Classic, Cobra, FirstRate, Flexstar, Harmony SG, Reflex, Resource, Storm, Synchrony XP, or Ultra Blazer. Quackgrass Sandbur Shattercane Texas panicum Yellow nutsedge

25 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 22 TABLE 11: RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSTEMERGENCE SOYBEAN HERBICIDES FOR INDIVIDUAL BROADLEAF WEED SPECIES Legend - based on adequate moisture, good growing conditions, and proper herbicide application E = Excellent (>90% control) G-E = Good to Excellent G = Good (80-90% control) F-G = Fair to Good F = Fair (60-80% control) P-F = Poor to Fair P = Poor (20-60% control) N = None (<20% control) Single active ingredient products SOA number Eastern black nightshade Burcucumber Cocklebur Jimsonweed Lambsquarters Morningglory (annual spp.) Pigweed / Palmer th Giant ragweed Basagran 6 P P G-E E P-F P a P P-F F-G P G-E F F F G Blazer / 14 Ultra Blazer F-G F F a E P-F G-E E F-G E P G P N F-G P Cadet 14 P-F F P F F P-F P-F P P - P-F G - N G-E Classic 2 P G E E P P-F a E G-E F F-G F-G N P P P-F Cobra 14 F-G F-G F a E P P-F a E G E P P P-F F F-G F-G FirstRate 2 N F E E N G P G G-E P G P P - F-G Flexstar 14 F-G F F a E F F-G a E G-E E P-F F P-F N F P-F Glyphosate d 9 F-G E E E F-G G E G F-G F-G F-G F F-G G F-G Harmony SG 2 N P-F F P E P E N N-P P G N P P G Liberty 280 e 10 G G G-E G-E F-G G-E G G G-E G-E F - F-G - G Pursuit 2AS 2 F-G P-F E G P F-G E F P-F P F-G F P P F-G Raptor 2 F-G P-F E G F F-G E F F P F-G F F - F-G Reflex 14 F-G F F a G P F-G a E G E P-F F P P F-G P Resource 14 P F P P F F F P P N P P N P E Premixes Extreme d 2/9 F-G E E E F-G G E G F-G F-G F-G F F-G G F-G Flexstar GT d 9/14 F-G E E E F-G G E G F-G F-G F-G F F-G G F-G Permit Plus b 2/2 P P-F G-E G G-E P-F E F-G G-E P-F F-G - P - G Sequence d 9/15 F-G E E E F-G G E G F-G F-G F-G F F-G G F-G Storm 6/14 F-G P-F G E P F-G a F P-F F-G P G F F P F-G Synchrony XP b 2/2 N G E E E F E F-G F F-G G N P P G Synchrony XP c 2/2 N P-F G G F-G P G P P P F N P P F-G an - indicates that insufficient data or experience available. a control can be improved by the addition of 2 fl oz of 2,4-DB. b for use in STS soybeans only at 0.75 oz/a rate. c for use in Non-STS soybeans at oz/a rate. d for use only with glyphosate-tolerant soybean varieties. e for use only with glufosinate-tolerant soybean varieties. Common ragweed Sicklepod Smartweed Spurred anoda Prickly sida or teaweed The following herbicides do not provide control of broadleaf weeds: Assure II, Fusilade DX, Fusion, Poast, Select Max, and Targa. Tropic croton Velvetleaf

26 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 23 TABLE 12: RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS POSTEMERGENCE SOYBEAN HERBICIDES FOR INDIVIDUAL PERENNIAL BROADLEAF WEED SPECIES Legend - based on adequate moisture, good growing conditions, and proper herbicide application E = Excellent (>90% control) G-E = Good to Excellent G = Good (80-90% control) F-G = Fair to Good F = Fair (60-80% control) P-F = Poor to Fair P = Poor (20-60% control) N = None (<20% control) SOA number Canada thistle Dandelion Dewberry species Dock species Single active ingredient products Basagran 6 P-F - - P-F P Blazer, Reflex 14 P - - P P a P P P P P - - P-F Classic 2 P - F P-F P F - P - Cobra 14 P - - P P a P P P P P - - P FirstRate P-F - Glyphosate d 9 G F F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G F F-G F-G F F-G F Liberty 280 e 10 F-G F-G - F-G P-F Pursuit 2AS 2 P - P-F P-F N P N Premixes Extreme d 2/9 F-G F P-F F-G P-F F F P-F P-F F - P-F P-F Flexstar GT c,d 9/14 F F P-F F P-F P-F P-F P P P-F P P P Permit Plus b 2/2 P-F - P P P-F - P P P F - F - Sequence c,d 9/15 F - P-F F P-F P-F P-F P P P-F P P P Synchrony XP b 2/2 P - F P-F P P F - F N an - indicates that insufficient data or experience available. a control can be improved by the addition of 2 fluid oz of 2,4-DB. b for use in STS soybeans only at 0.75 oz/a rate. c control can be improved by tank-mixing with additional glyphosate. d for use only with glyphosate-tolerant soybean varieties. e for use only with glufosinate-tolerant soybean varieties. Field bindweed Groundcherry Hemp dogbane Honeyvine milkweed Horsenettle Common milkweed Mugwort Pokeweed Trumpetcreeper

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28 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 25 TABLE 13: MAXIMUM WEED SIZE FOR POSTEMERGENCE SOYBEAN HERBICIDES FOR INDIVIDUAL GRASS AND GRASS-LIKE WEED SPECIES Single active ingredient products SOA Number Barnyardgrass Bermudagrass Broadleaf signalgrass Crabgrass Fall panicum maximum weed height at application (in inches) Basagran (1.5 pt) Classic (¾ oz) Fusilade DX (12 oz) d d 10 d glyphosate o (generic 24oz) s-6 glyphosate o (generic 32oz) head s-6 Liberty 280 p (29 oz) n 5 12 n 3 5 s c s c 2 n 8 6 s c Poast (1 pt) Pursuit 2AS (4 fl oz) s s-3 Raptor (5 oz) 2 5 e - 5 e s s-4 8 s-12 s s-3 Roundup PowerMAX o or 9 WeatherMax o (22 oz) f 6 18 head s-6 Roundup PowerMAX o or 9 WeatherMax o (27 oz) f 6 18 head s-6 Select Max (12-16 oz) g m 12 g Targa / Assure II (8 oz) a 6 b 6 b ac 10 a b - Touchdwn HiTech o (14oz) dia head s-6 Touchdwn HiTech o (20oz) dia head s-6 Touchdwn Total o (24 oz) dia head s-6 Ultra Blazer s-1 s-1 - s s Premixes Extreme o (3 pt) 2/ s-3 Flexstar GT o (3 pt) 9/ s Fusion (8 oz) 1/1 4 8 d 4 b d 10 d Permit Plus j 2/ Sequence o (3.5 pt) 9/ head flwr Synchrony XP j (¾ oz) 2/ an - indicates this weed is not on the label of the respective herbicides. s-# indicates suppression up to given height (height = #). s indicates suppression only with no weed height given on label. a use oz rate. Foxtails Goosegrass Johnsongrass (seedling) Johnsongrass (rhizome) Quackgrass Sandbur Shattercane Texas Panicum b use 10 oz rate. c sequential applications may be desirable. d use sequential applications of 12 oz/a followed by 8 oz/a. e light to moderate populations only. f includes giant, bristly, and yellow foxtail; maximum height for green foxtail is 12 inches g use sequential applications of oz/a. h sequential applications of Fusilade DX at 8 oz/a are recommended. j for use in STS soybeans only. m use sequential applications of oz/a f/b oz/a. n must be treated prior to tiller initiation for best results. Yellow foxtail size is 3 o for use only with glyphosate-tolerant soybean varieties. p for use only with glufosinate-tolerant soybean varieties. The following herbicides are not recommended for postemergence grass control: 2,4-DB, Basagran, Blazer, Cadet, Classic, Cobra, FirstRate, Flexstar, Harmony SG, Reflex, Resource, Storm, Synchrony XP, or Ultra Blazer. Yellow nutsedge

29 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 26 TABLE 14: MAXIMUM WEED SIZE FOR POSTEMERGENCE SOYBEAN HERBICIDES FOR INDIVIDUAL BROADLEAF WEED SPECIES Single active ingredient products SOA number Eastern black nightshade Burcucumber Cocklebur Jimsonweed Lambsquarters Morningglory (annual spp.) Pigweed / Palmer th Giant ragweed Common ragweed Sicklepod Smartweed Spurred anoda Prickly sida or teaweed Tropic croton Velvetleaf maximum weed height at application (in inches) Basagran (1.5 pt) Basagran (2 pt) s Ultra Blazer (1 pt) 14 < <4 < <2 - Ultra Blazer (1.5 pt) a Cadet (0.6 oz) 14 s s s Cadet (0.9 oz) s Classic b (½ oz) s Classic b (⅔ oz) 2 - s s Classic b (¾ oz) 2 - s s Cobra (12.5 oz) ¾ s-4 s s-4 FirstRate (⅓ oz) 2 - s Flexstar (1 pt) 14 4lf - 4lf 6lf s-2lf 3-4lf 4lf 4lf 4lf - 4lf s-2lf s-2lf 4lf - Flexstar (1.5 pt) 14 6lf - 8lf 8lf s-2lf 5-6lf 6lf 8lf 8lf - 6lf 4lf 4lf 6lf 4lf glyphosate h (generic 24oz) glyphosate h (generic 32oz) Harmony 50SG (1/8 oz) generic 75DF (1/12 oz) s-6 s k Liberty 280 j (29 oz) Pursuit g 2AS (4 fl oz) s Raptor g (5 oz) s s-4-8 Reflex (1 pt) 14 4lf - - 4lf s-2lf 2-4lf 4lf - 4lf - 4lf - - 2lf - Reflex (1.5 pt) 14 4lf - 4lf 8lf s-2lf 3-4lf 6lf 4lf 6lf - 6lf 2lf s 4lf 4lf Resource (6 oz) s Resource (8 oz) s-3 4 s RU WeatherMax h (22oz) RU WeatherMax h (27oz) Tchdown HiTech h (14oz) Tchdown HiTech h (20oz) c c 3 6 c Tchdown Tota h l (24oz) c c 3 6 c Premixes Extreme h (3 pt) 2/ Flexstar GT h (3 pt) 9/ Marvel (7.25 oz) 14/ s /3 s s 2 36 Permit Plus d 2/ Sequence h 9/ Storm (1.5 pt) 6/ Synchrony XP d (¾ oz) 2/2-3 f f 8 4 f 4 3 f 8 s Synchrony XP e (⅜ oz) 2/ s-4 s s-4 - s s-4 an - indicates this weed is not on the label of the respective herbicides. s-# indicates suppression up to given height (height = #). s indicates suppression only with no weed height given on label. footnotes continued on next page

30 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 27 a more consistent morningglory control can be achieved by using sequential applications of Ultra Blazer at 1 pt/a. b a second application may be made 2-3 weeks after initial to control weeds with multiple germination flushes or suppress weeds such as burcucumber, cocklebur, giant ragweed, morningglory, pigweed, sicklepod, and velvetleaf. c multiple applications may be required. d for use in STS soybeans only. e for use in Non-STS soybeans. f a second application may be made 2-3 weeks after the initial to control weeds with multiple flushes or weeds under stress such as burcucumber, giant ragweed, morningglory, and sicklepod. Check label rotational crop guidelines. g the heights listed for Pursuit and Raptor are based on the range given in tables on the label. The labels also state that weed maximum height should be no greater than 3 inches. h for use only with glyphosate-tolerant soybean varieties. j for use only with glufosinate-tolerant soybean varieties. k 4 inches for Palmer amaranth, 12 inches for redroot pigweed, and 8 inches for other pigweed species. The following do not provide broadleaf weed control: Assure II, Fusilade, Fusion, Poast, or Targa.

31 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 28 TABLE 15: APPLICATION RATES AND PERENNIAL GRASS SIZES FOR TREATMENT WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES a Herbicide Grass weed First application Weed size b (inches) Rate (oz/a) Second (or sequential) application c Weed size b Rate (oz/a) (inches) Fusilade DX Bermudagrass 4-8 inches oz 4-8 inches oz Rhizome johnsongrass 8-18 inches oz 6-12 inches oz Quackgrass 6-10 inches oz Up to 10 inches oz Wirestem muhley 4-12 inches 12 oz 4-12 inches 12 oz Poast Bermudagrass 6 inch stolon 24 oz 4 inch stolon 16 oz Rhizome johnsongrass inches 24 oz 12 inches 16 oz Quackgrass 8 inches 24 oz 8 inches 16 oz Wirestem muhley 6 inches 20 oz 6 inches 20 oz Roundup PowerMAX or WeatherMax -use w/roundup Ready soybeans Bermudagrass 6 inches or greater oz as needed oz d Rhizome johnsongrass 6 inches or greater oz as needed oz d Quackgrass 6 inches or greater oz as needed oz d Wirestem muhley 6 inches or greater oz as needed oz d Select Max Bermudagrass 3-6 inches oz 3-6 inches oz Rhizome johnsongrass inches oz 6-18 inches oz Targa / Assure II Touchdown HiTech -use with Roundup Ready soybeans Touchdown Total -use with Roundup Ready soybeans Quackgrass 4-12 inches oz 4-12 inches oz Wirestem muhley 4-8 inches oz 4-8 inches oz Bermudagrass up to 6 inches 10 oz Up to 6 inches 7 oz Rhizome johnsongrass inches 10 oz 6-10 inches 7 oz Quackgrass 6-10 inches 10 oz 4-8 inches 7 oz Wirestem muhley 4-8 inches 8 oz 4-8 inches 7 oz Bermudagrass seed head present oz as needed oz Rhizome johnsongrass 12 inches oz as needed oz Quackgrass 6-8 inches oz as needed oz Wirestem muhley 8 inches or greater oz as needed oz Bermudagrass seed head present oz as needed oz Rhizome johnsongrass 12 inches oz as needed oz Quackgrass 6-8 inches oz as needed oz Wirestem muhley 8 inches or greater oz as needed oz a taken from product labels. b weed size refers to height of johnsongrass and length of bermudagrass runners. c make second application only if needed. d total in-crop applications can not exceed 77 oz (UltraMax), 64 oz (WeatherMax), 58 oz (Touchdown HiTech), or 70 oz (Touchdown Total) per season.

32 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 29 TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS AND RAINFASTNESS GUIDELINES FOR POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES Adjuvants are products you include in the spray tank to improve the performance of your herbicides. These include non-ionic surfactants (NIS), crop oil concentrate (COC), methylated or ethylated seed oil (MSO or ESO) or nitrogen solutions. In general, NIS should contain at least 80% active ingredient and is typically used at 0.25% v/v; COC should contain at least 15% emulsifier and is typically used at 1.0% v/v; MSO is typically used at 1.5 pt/a. Nitrogen solutions can be 28%, 30% or 32% ammonium based fertilizer solutions; ammonium sulfate should be spray grade dry ammonium sulfate (21-0-0). Adding additional adjuvants than what is labeled can increase the chance of crop injury. The following is meant as guidelines for recommended adjuvants; refer to herbicide labels for specific adjuvant rates. Rainfastness is number of hours needed between time of application and rainfall or irrigation to ensure sufficient absorption in the plant. Growing conditions: SOFT: good soil moisture, high humidity, cloudy skies for past few days, warm, and weeds are smaller than mentioned on herbicide labels NORMAL: intermediate weather, consider crop size, weed size, and weed species STRESS: poor soil moisture, hot or cold temps, bright sunlight, low humidity, windy Rainfast Additive Interval Growing conditions Broadleaf Herbicides (hr) Soft Normal Stress Nitrogen sol. *** AMS*** (lb/100gal) 2,4-D products 1-6 see individual label Basagran 8 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 2-4 qt/a optional 2.5 lb/a Classic 1 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 2-4 qt/a optional 2-4 lb/a Cadet m 4 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 1-2 qt/a optional not spec. Cobra g 0.5 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 4% optional 2-4 lb/a Extreme 1 NIS NIS NIS required FirstRate 2 NIS NIS or COC COC required e 2.5% 2 lb/a Flexstar 1 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 1-2.5% optional 8.5 Flexstar GT - - NIS or COC COC optional 8.5 Gramoxone products 0.5 NIS NIS or COC COC Harmony SG 1 NIS NIS or COC COC required c,d 2-4 qt/a 2-4 lb/a Liberty optional 3 lb/a Marvel 1 NIS NIS COC optional 1-2 qt/a optional not spec. Permit Plus 4 NIS NIS or COC COC required j 2-4 qt/a required j 2-4 lb/a Pursuit 2AS 1 NIS NIS or COC COC required d % Raptor 1 NIS NIS or COC COC required d 2.5% Reflex 1 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 2.5% 10 Resource 1 NIS NIS NIS optional 1-2 qt/a lb/a Roundup products b b -- b -- b optional Sequence 1-6 optional Sharpen k, OpTill k, Optill PRO k, and Verdict k 1 MSO MSO MSO required j % 1-2% w/w required j Spartan Advance k -- NIS NIS NIS optional 8-16 Storm a 8 NIS NIS or COC COC optional f 1-2 qt/a optional f 1-2 lb/a Synchrony XP 1 COC COC COC optional 2-4 qt/a optional 2-4 lb/a Touchdown products b b -- b -- b optional Ultra Blazer a 6 / 4 NIS NIS NIS optional f 1-2 qt/a optional f 1-2 lb/a Grass herbicides and footnotes on next page

33 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 30 Rainfast Additive Interval Growing conditions Grass Herbicides (hr) Soft Normal Stress Nitrogen sol. *** AMS*** Fusilade DX 1 NIS NIS or COC COC optional c 4 qt/a Fusion 1 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 2-4 qt/a optional 2-4 lb/a Poast 1 COC COC COC optional 2-4 qt/a optional 2.5 lb/a Select Max 1 COC COC COC optional 1-2 qt/a optional lb/a Targa / Assure II 1 NIS NIS or COC COC optional 2-4 qt/a optional 2-4 lb/a a Storm and Ultra Blazer labels recommends either NIS, COC, AMS, or UAN, but likelihood of injury is greater with COC, AMS, or UAN compared to NIS. The labels also states if temperature + relative humidity exceeds 150, then use the lower adjuvant rate. b glyphosate products vary in the amount of adjuvant recommended. Refer to Table 2 and product label. c may be substituted for an ammonium-based nitrogen solution. d AMS may be substituted for UAN e nitrogen solution is required with NIS and optional with COC or MSO. AMS may be substituted for UAN when used with NIS. f UAN at 2-4 qt/a or AMS at 2.5 lb/a may be substituted for NIS or COC. g adjuvant label recommendations for Cobra are based on relative humidity. h adjuvants such as NIS, COC, or MSO are optional when spraying difficult to control weeds or under adverse conditions. The label states that COC or MSO can improve weed control but may reduce crop tolerance, and that AMS should be added in areas where commonly used with glyphosate containing products. j either UAN or AMS is required. k for burndown applications only; do not apply postemergence. m when tank-mixing with other herbicides, use the adjuvant recommended for use with the tankmix partner. ***Labeled and recommended to maintain manufacturer s performance guarantees

34 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 31 TABLE 17: TANK-MIXING POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES IN SOYBEAN AND COMPARATIVE RESIDUAL CONTROL Often the variety of weeds in a given field is great enough to consider tank-mixing two or more herbicides to broaden the spectrum of control. Many herbicide labels have detailed information on which products can be tank-mixed as well as detailed procedures for mixing the products. Unless specifically prohibited on product labels, other tank-mix combinations may be appropriate for use. Be sure to check both product labels as well as supplemental labels, and adhere to the most restrictive label precautions. Tank-mixing of some postemergence products is prohibited due to potential for antagonism. For example, certain broadleaf herbicides may cause a reduced level of grass control when tank-mixed with certain postemergence grass herbicides. Be sure to follow label recommendations concerning the addition of adjuvants. Comparable residual activity is given for comparison purposes only. These are based on herbicide halflife which is the length of time it takes for half the herbicide to break down. Herbicide degradation (breakdown) is the result of chemical and/or microbial degradation which can be dependent on soil ph, soil temperature and soil moisture levels. Since degradation is dependent on a number of factors, length of time can vary for herbicides based on the specific conditions. Residual activity is not the same as herbicide carryover. Residual activity: N= none or negligible S= short (less than 2 wks) M= moderate (less than one month) L= long (one to two months) VL= very long (greater than 2 months) Single ai Herbicides Residual Activity Single ai Herbicides Residual Activity Premix Herbicides 2,4-DB (Butyrac) N glyphosate N Extreme L-VL Targa / Assure II N Harmony SG S Flexstar GT L Basagran N Liberty 280 N Fusion N Blazer N Poast N Permit Plus S-M Cadet N Pursuit 2AS L-VL Sequence L Classic L Raptor M Storm N Cobra N Reflex L Synchrony XP L FirstRate M Resource N Flexstar L Select Max N Fusilade DX N Residual Activity

35 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 32 TABLE 18: FEEDING RESTRICTIONS ON SOYBEAN HAY AND PREHARVEST INTERVAL Intervals to harvesting seed are based on pesticide residue, not crop tolerance or herbicide efficacy. These restrictions apply to soybean hay. For feeding of green forage, see product labels, as restrictions may be different. Soybean hay Do not feed No restriction Grain (seed) preharvest Herbicide 2,4-D X 2,4-DB 60 days a 60 days Anthem X Authority Assist X Authority First / Sonic X 65 days Authority MTZ X Authority XL X Basagran 30 days Boundary 40 days Cadet X 60 days Canopy / Canopy EX X Classic X 60 days Cobra X 45 days Command 3ME X Define X Dual II Magnum X 90 days Envive X Extreme X 85 days Fierce X Fierce XLT X FirstRate 0.3 oz/a 14 days 65 days > 0.3 oz/a 25 days 70 days Flexstar X before bloom Flexstar GT X 45 days Fusilade DX / Fusion X before bloom Gangster / Surveil X Gramoxone SL Spot treatment Harvest aid * X * 15 days Harmony SG X 60 days Intrro X Liberty 280 X 70 days Lorox / Linex X Marvel X 60 days Metribuzin 40 days OpTill X 85 days OpTill PRO X 85 days Outlook X Permit Plus 30 days 88 days An (*) indicates that it is not specified on the label. a minimum time between application and hay making. c do not apply after pod set. Soybean hay Do not feed No restriction Grain (seed) preharvest Herbicide Poast X 75 days Prefix X Prowl / other pendimethalin formulations X 85 days Pursuit 2AS X 85 days Python X Raptor X 85 days Reflex X before bloom Resource X 60 days Roundup products (Spot treatment) Roundup PowerMAX or WeatherMax with RR soybeans * prior to pod set * 14 days Select Max X 60 days Sequence Preplant/PRE POST (RR soys) 30 days X 90 days Sharpen 65 days Storm X 50 days Synchrony XP X 60 days before maturity Targa / Assure II X 80 days c Touchdown (Spot treatment) Touchdown HiTech or Total w/ Roundup Ready soybeans * X prior to pod set 14 days Treflan / other trifluralin formulations X Ultra Blazer X 50 days Trivence X Valor SX X Valor XLT X Verdict X Warrant X Zidua NR

36 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 33 TABLE 19: HERBICIDE SITE OF ACTION FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING HERBICIDE- RESISTANT WEEDS Reducing the risk for developing herbicide-resistant weed populations requires incorporating a number of guidelines in managing your fields. These guidelines include: Spray only when necessary Use alternative methods of control whenever possible such as mechanical cultivation or delayed planting (row crops), mowing (forage crops), and using weed-free crop seeds Rotate crops and their accompanying herbicides site of action Limit number of applications of herbicide(s) with same site of action in a given growing season Use mixtures or sequential herbicide treatments having different sites of action that will control the weeds of concern Scout fields after herbicide application to detect weed escapes or shifts Clean equipment before leaving fields infested with or suspected to have resistant weeds Rotating herbicides with differing sites of action is important for minimizing the risk of developing herbicide-resistant weeds. However, information on herbicide site of action is not always printed on herbicide labels and thus is difficult to obtain. The following tables are designed to assist with herbicide selection based on herbicide site of action. Below (Table 19A) is a list of important herbicide groups for agronomic crops grown in the Mid-Atlantic region. To reduce the risk of developing herbicide resistant weeds, avoid repeated use of herbicides with the same site of action. Note that more than one herbicide family may have the same site of action. A list of common pre-package herbicide mixture and their components is contained in Table 19B. Be sure to know the site of action for all the herbicides included in the pre-package mixture. Table 19A: Important herbicide groups for corn, soybean, small grain, commercial vegetable and forage. WSSA group 1 Herbicide Class / MOA Site of action No. resistant in US Family Active ingredient Trade name Lipid Synthesis Inhibitors 1 ACCase Inhibitors 15 aryloxyphenoxy- diclofop Hoelon (acetyl CoA carboxylase) propionate (fops) fenoxaprop Puma, Tecoma fluazifop Fusilade quizalofop Assure II, Targa cyclohexanedione clethodim Select Max (dims) sethoxydim Poast, Poast Plus phenylpyrazolin pinoxaden Axial XL

37 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 34 WSSA group 1 Herbicide Class / MOA Site of action Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors No. resistant in US Family Active ingredient Trade name 2 ALS Inhibitors 45 imidazolinone imazamethabenz Assert (acetolactate synthase) imaxamox Beyond, Raptor imazapic Plateau imazapyr Arsenal imazethapyr New Path, Pursuit 9 EPSP Synthase inhibitor (5- enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3- phosphate) pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone pyrithiobac flucarbazone propoxycarbazone thiencarbazone Staple Everest, Pre- Pare, Sierra Olympus component of Capreno, Corvus sulfonylurea chlorimuron Classic chlorsulfuron Glean foramsulfuron Option halosulfuron Permit, Sandea imazosulfuron League iodosulfuron Autumn mesosulfuron Osprey metsulfuron Ally, various nicosulfuron Accent Q primisulfuron Beacon prosulfuron Peak rimsulfuron Matrix, Resolve sulfosulfuron Maverick thifensulfuron Harmony tribenuron Express triflusulfuron UpBeet triazolopyrimidine cloransulam FirstRate flumetsulam Python pyroxsulam PowerFlex 14 organophosphorus glyphosate Roundup, Touchdown, various

38 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 35 WSSA group 1 Herbicide Class / MOA Site of action Growth Regulators No. resistant in US Family Active ingredient Trade name 4 T1R1 Auxin receptors 10 benzoic acid dicamba Banvel, Clarity (synthetic auxins) carboxylic acid aminopyralid Milestone clopyralid Stinger fluroxypyr Starane, Vista picloram Tordon quinclorac Facet triclopyr Garlon, Remedy phenoxy 2-4-D various 2,4-DB Butyrac, various MCPA various 19 Auxin transport component of 0 semicarbazone diflufenzopyr inhibitor Status Photosynthesis Inhibitors 5 Photosystem II 26 phenylcarbamate phenmedipham Spin-Aid inhibitors triazine atrazine Atrazine (mobile) different prometon Pramitol binding than 6 & 7 simazine Princep triazinone hexazinone Velpar metribuzin Metribuzin, Glory, TriCor uracil terbacil Sinbar 6 Photosystem II inhibitors 1 benzothiadiazole bentazon Basagran (non-mobile) different binding than 5 & 7 nitrile bromoxynil Buctril 7 Photosystem II 8 urea diuron Direx, Karmex inhibitors linuron Linex, Lorox (mobile) different tebuthiuron Spike binding than 5 & 6 10 Nitrogen Metabolism Inhibitor Glutamine synthetase inhibitor 1 amino acid derivative glufosinate Finale, Liberty, Rely

39 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 36 WSSA group 1 Herbicide Class / MOA Site of action No. resistant in US Family Active ingredient Trade name Pigment Inhibitors 13 DOXP Synthase inhibitor (1-deoxy-Dxyulose 1 isoxazolidinone clomazone Command 5-phosphate) 12 Phytoene desaturase biosynthesis inhibitor 0 pyridazinone norflurazon Solicam 27 HPPD Inhibitors 2 isoxazole isoxaflutole Balance Flexx (4-hydroxy-phenylpyruvate-dioxygenase) Huskie component of pyrazole pyrasulfotole pyrazolone topramezone Armezon, Impact isoxazole mesotrione Callisto triketone tembotrione Laudis Cell Membrane Disrupters 14 PPO Inhibitors 2 aryl triazolinone carfentrazone Aim (protoporphyringogen fluthiacet Cadet oxidase) sulfentrazone Spartan diphenyl ether acifluorfen Ultra Blazer fomesafen Reflex lactofen Cobra, Phoenix oxyfluorfen Goal N- flumiclorac Resource phenylphthalimide flumioxazin Château, Valor oxadiazole oxadiazon Ronstar pyrimidinedione saflufenacil Sharpen 22 Photosystem I 5 bipyridylium diqat Reglone electron diverter paraquat Gramoxone Seedling Root Growth Inhibitors 3 Microtubule inhibitors 6 benzamide pronamide Kerb dinitroaniline ethalfluralin Curbit, Sonalan oryzalin Surflan pendimethalin Pendulum, Prowl various prodiamine Barricade trifluralin Treflan, various phthalic acid DCPA Dacthal pyridazine dithiopyr Dimension

40 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 37 WSSA group 1 Herbicide Class / MOA Site of action No. resistant in US Family Active ingredient Trade name Seedling Shoot Growth Inhibitors 8 Lipid synthesis 5 phosphorodithioate bensulide Prefar inhibitors thiocarbamate butylate Sutan+ (not ACCase) cycloate Ro-Neet 15 Long-chain fatty acid inhibitors EPTC Eptam, Eradicane 1 acetamide napropamide Devrinol chloroacetamide acetochlor Breakfree, Degree, Harness Topnotch, Warrant, others alachlor Intrro, Micro- Tech dimethenamid Outlook metolachlor Dual, Cinch oxyacetamide flufenacet Define pyrazole pyroxasulfone Zidua 16 Specific site unknown 0 benzofurane ethofumesate Nortron Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors 20 Cellulose inhibitor Casoron, 0 nitrile dichlobenil (Site A) Norosac, various 21 Cellulose inhibitor (Site B) 0 benzamide isoxaben Gallery 29 Cellulose inhibitor (unspecified site) 0 alkylazaine indaziflam Alion 1 WSSA group is a system of classifying herbicides developed by the Weed Science Society of America, based on mode and site of actions, to help understand and plan for resistance management. The reference for this table is: Shaner, D.L., ed (2014) Herbicide Handbook. 10th edn. Lawrence, KS: Weed Science Society of America. Pages 513.

41 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 38 Table 19B: Common pre-pack or premix herbicides for crops in the Mid-Atlantic region. The WSSA mode of action (MOA) numbers are the WSSA group numbers (left-hand column of Table 20A) for herbicide site of action. Some constituent products may not match the formulation in the pre-packaged herbicides, but are included for ease of comparison. ** designates not labeled at time of printing Pre-packaged WSSA Pre-packaged Constituent products herbicide SOA # s herbicide Constituent products Acuron** Callisto, Dual, atrazine, 27, 15, 5, bicyclopyrone 27 Harmony Extra Harmony, Express 2, 2 Afforia Harmony, Express, Valor 2, 2, 14 Harness Xtra Harness, atrazine 15, 5 Anthem Cadet, Zidua 14, 15 Hornet WDG Python, Stinger 2, 4 Anthem ATZ Cadet, Zidua, atrazine 14, 15, 5 Huskie Buctril, pyrasulfotole 6, 27 WSSA SOA # s Anthem FLEX Aim, Zidua 14, 15 Huskie Complete Buctril, pyrosulfotole, thiencarbazone 6, 27, 2 Authority Assist Spartan, Pursuit 14, 2 Instigate Resolve, Callisto 2, 27 Authority Elite Spartan, Dual 14, 15 Journey Plateau, glyphosate 2, 9 Authority First Spartan, FirstRate 14, 2 Keystone NXT Harness, atrazine 15, 5 Authority Maxx Spartan, Classic 14, 2 Lexar EZ Dual, Callisto, atrazine 15, 27, 5 Authority MTZ Spartan, metribuzin 14, 5 Lumax EZ Dual, Callisto, atrazine 15, 27, 5 Authority XL Spartan, Classic 14, 2 Marksman Banvel, atrazine 4, 5 Autumn Super Autumn, thiencarbazone 2, 2 Marvel Cadet, Flexstar 14, 14 Axial Star Axial XL, Starane Ultra 1, 4 Milestone VM Plus Milestone, Remedy Ultra 4, 4 Axiom Define, metribuzin 15, 5 NorthStar Banvel, Beacon 4, 2 Basis Blend Resolve, Harmony 2, 2 Olympus Flex Olympus, Osprey 2, 2 Bicep II Magnum Dual, atrazine 15, 5 OpTill Sharpen, Pursuit 14, 2 Boundary Dual, metribuzin 15, 5 OpTill Pro Sharpen, Pursuit, Outlook 14, 2, 15 Breakfree NXT ATZ Breakfree, atrazine 15, 5 Panoflex Harmony, Express 2, 2 Broadaxe Dual Magnum, Spartan 15, 14 PastureGard Remedy, Vista 4, 4 Bullet Micro-Tech, atrazine 15, 5 Permit Plus Permit, Harmony 2, 2 Callisto GT Callisto, Touchdown 27, 9 Prefix Dual, Reflex 15, 14 Callisto Xtra Callisto, atrazine 27, 5 Prequel Resolve, Balance Flexx 2, 27 Canopy Classic, metribuzin 2, 5 Pulsar Clarity, Starane 4,4 Canopy EX Classic, Express 2, 2 Realm Q Resolve, Callisto 2, 27 Capreno thiencarbazone, Laudis 2, 27 Require Q Resolve, Clarity 2, 4 Chaparral metsulfuron, Milestone 2, 4 Resolve Q Resolve, Harmony 2, 2 Cimarron Max metsulfuron, Banvel, 2,4-D 2, 4, 4 Sequence Dual, glyphosate 15, 9 Cimarron Plus metsulfuron, Telar 2, 2 Solstice Cadet, Callisto 14, 27 Cinch ATZ Cinch, atrazine 15, 5 Sonic Spartan, FirstRate 14, 2 Corvus Balance Flexx, thiencarbazone 27, 2 Spartan Advance Spartan, glyphosate 14, 9 Crossbow Remedy, 2,4-D 4, 4 Spartan Charge Aim, Spartan 14, 14 Degree Xtra Degree, atrazine 15, 5 Spirit Peak, Beacon 2, 2 Distinct Banvel, diflufenzopyr 4, 19 Status Banvel, diflufenzopyr 4, 19 Envive Classic, Harmony, Valor 2, 2, 14 Steadfast Q Accent, Resolve 2, 2 Extreme Pursuit, glyphosate 2, 9 Storm Basagran, Blazer 6, 14 Fierce Valor, Zidua 14, 15 Strategy Command, Curbit 13, 3 Fierce XLT** Valor, Zidua, Classic 14, 15, 2 SureStart II Harness, Python, Stinger 15, 2, 4 Finesse Glean, metsulfuron 2, 2 Surveil Valor, FirstRate 14, 2 Flexstar GT Flexstar, glyphosate 14, 9 Synchrony XP Classic, Harmony 2, 2 ForeFront R&P Milestone, 2,4-D 4, 4 TripleFlex II Harness, Python, Stinger 15, 2, 4 FulTime NXT Topnotch, atrazine 15, 5 Trivence Valor, Classic, metribuzin 14, 2, 5 Fusion Fusilade, fenoxaprop 1, 1 Valor XLT Valor, Classic 14, 2 Gangster Valor, FirstRate 14, 2 Verdict Sharpen, Outlook 14, 15 Guardsman Max Outlook, atrazine 15, 5 Weedmaster Banvel, 2,4-D 4, 4 Grazon P+D Tordon, 2,4-D 4, 4 Yukon Sandea, Banvel 2, 4 Halex GT Dual, Callisto, glyphosate 15, 27, 9 Zemax Callisto, Dual 27, 15

42 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 39 TABLE 20: CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (SEE FOOTNOTES AT END OF TABLE) Barley, Bean, Bean, Corn, Corn, Cucumbemelon Musk- Herbicide Alfalfa winter lima snap Cabbage field sweet Onion Pea 2,4-D NR NR Accent Q NR Aim NR Anthem Anthem ATZ Armezon NR NR Assure II/Targa NR NR Atrazine SY SY SY SY SY NR NR SY SY SY SY Authority Elite 12 4 ½ Authority MTZ Authority XL Autumn Axial Axiom NY NY NY NY NY NR NY NY NY NY NY Balance NR Balance Flex/Pro Banvel AH 1 3 AH AH AH NR AH AH AH AH AH Basagran NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Basis NR Beacon d Beyond 3 9 NR NR NR Boundary Breakfree NY NY NI NI NI 0 0 NI NI NI NI Buctril Callisto NR NR Cadet AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Canopy Canopy EX Caparol Capreno Chateau Cimarron Plus B 10 B B B B B B B B B Clarity 3 AH AH AH AH NR AH AH AH AH AH Classic Cobra NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Command NR Corvus Curbit NR NR AH NR NR NR NR NR NR AH NR Dacthal AH NR NR 8 Define NR NR Degree SY SY SY SY SY NR NY SY SY SY SY Devrinol NR AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label table continued on next page

43 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 40 TABLE 20: CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (cont d) Rye, winter Sorghum grain Watermelon Wheat, winter Herbicide Pepper Potato Pumpkin Soybean Squash Tomato 2,4-D Accent Q Aim Anthem Anthem ATZ Armezon Assure II/Targa NR Atrazine SY SY SY 12 SY NR SY SY SY SY Authority Elite ½ ½ Authority MTZ Authority XL NR Autumn Axial Axiom NY 1 NY NY NR NY NY NY NY NY Balance Balance Flex/Pro Banvel AH AH AH NR AH AH AH 1 3 Basagran NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Basis 18 NR Beacon Beyond NR Boundary NR Breakfree NI NY NI NY NY NY NI NI NI 4 Buctril Cadet AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Callisto Canopy NR Canopy EX NR Caparol Capreno Chateau NR Cimarron Plus B B B B B B B B B 1 Clarity AH AH AH NR AH AH AH AH Classic NR Cobra NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Command 5 NR 9 NR 12 NR 9 NR Corvus Curbit NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Dacthal Define NR Degree SY SY SY SY NY NY SY SY SY AH Devrinol NR NR AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label table continued on next page

44 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 41 TABLE 20: CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (cont d) Barley, winter Bean, lima Bean, snap Cabbage Corn, field Corn, sweet Cucumber Muskmelon Onion Pea Herbicide Alfalfa Distinct Dual Magnum NR NR NY NR NR NR Envive Eptam 0 AH AH NR AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Eradicane AH AH AH AH AH NR NR AH AH AH AH Evik NY AH NY NY NY NY NY NY NY NY NY Extreme NR Fierce Finesse Grass & B B B B B B B B B B B Broadleaf First Rate 9 30B 30B 30B 30B B 30B 30B 30B Flexstar Flexstar GT NR Fusilade DX/Fusion 2 2 NR NR NR 2 2 NR NR NR NR Galigan (NR 6 ) glyphosate products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Goal/GoalTender (NR 6 ) Gramoxone products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR GrazonNext HL 24 B B 24 B 24 B B 24 B 24 B 24 B Harmony Extra SG 2 NR Harmony SG Harness SY SY SY SY SY NR NY SY SY SY SY Huskie B 9 1 B 1 B 1 B 1 B 1 B 1 B 9 Impact Instigate Intrro NY NY NI NI NI NY NY NI NI NI NI Karmex NY Kerb Keystone NXT NY Laudis Lexar EZ 18 NY Liberty / /3 NR NR /3 6 Lorox/Linex NR Lumax EZ 18 4 ½ Marvel Matrix NR Maverick 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B Metribuzin Milestone 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B Osprey Outlook NY 4 NY NY NY NR NY NY NY NY NY Outrider 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B Overdrive AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label table continued on next page

45 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 42 TABLE 20: CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (cont d) Rye, winter Soybean Sorghum, grain Watermelon Wheat, winter Herbicide Pepper Potato Pumpkin Squash Tomato Distinct Dual Magnum 12 NR NR NR Envive Eptam AH NR AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Eradicane AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Evik NY NY NY AH NY NY NY NY NY AH Extreme NR Fierce Finesse Grass & B B B B B B B B B 4 Broadleaf First Rate 30B 30B 30B 30B NR 9 30B 30B 30B 3 Flexstar Flexstar GT NR Fusilade DX/Fusion NR NR NR 2 NR 2 NR NR NR 2 Galigan NR glyphosate products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Goal/GoalTender NR Gramoxone products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR GrazonNext HL 24 B 24 B 24 B B 24 B 24 B 24 B 24 B 12 Harmony Extra SG NR Harmony SG NR Harness SY SY SY SY NY SY SY SY SY AH Huskie 1 B 9 1 B B 1 B 1 B 1 Impact Instigate Intrro NI NI NI NI NY NY NI NI NI NY Karmex NY Kerb Keystone NXT NY NY Laudis Lexar EZ NY NY NY NY Liberty / /3 NR /3 Lorox/Linex 4 NR 4 4 NR Lumax EZ ½ NY NY ½ Marvel Matrix 12 NR Maverick 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 12 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B NR Metribuzin Milestone 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B Osprey Outlook NY NY NY 4 NR NY NY NY NY 4 Outrider 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 12 B 3 B 3 B 3 B 3 B NR Overdrive AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label table continued on next page

46 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 43 TABLE 20. CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (cont d.) Barley, winter Bean, lima Bean, snap Corn, field Corn, sweet Cucumber Muskmelon Onion Pea Herbicide Alfalfa Cabbage Paramount 24B 10 24B 24B 24B B 24B 24B 24B Paraquat products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR PastureGard 1 0 NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Peak Permit Permit Plus Poast NR NR NR NR NR AH NR NR NR NR NR Powerflex HL Prefar NR 4 4 NR NR NR 4 Prequel Princep SY SY SY SY SY NR NR SY SY SY SY Prowl H2O NY 4 NR NR NY NY NY NY NY NY NY Pulsar 9 22D NR Pursuit NR 2 40B B 40B 40B NR Raptor 3 18 NR NR NR Reflex Realm Q NR Rely / /3 NR NR /3 6 Remedy Ultra Resolve NR Resolve Q NR Resource NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Ro-Neet AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Sandea 9 2 NR NR NR NR 18 9 Select/Select Max NR NR 1 Sharpen 2.85 SC NR Sierra 5 24 B 9 24 B 24 B 24 B B 24 B 24 B 24 B 11 Sinbar Solicam B B B B B B B B B B B Sonalan AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Sonic/Authority First B 30B 30B B 30B 30B 12 Spartan 4F Spartan Advance 12 4 NR 12B NR B 12B 12B 12B Spartan Charge B 12B NR B 12B 12B 12B Spin-aid NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Spur 10.5 NR NR NR NR Starane Ultra 4 NR NR NR Status Steadfast/Steadfast Q NR AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label table continued on next page

47 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 44 TABLE 20. CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (cont d.) Rye, Sorghum, winter Soybean grain Squash Tomato Watermelon Wheat, winter Herbicide Pepper Potato Pumpkin Paramount 24B 24B 24B 10 24B 0 24B 24B 24B 0 Paraquat products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR PastureGard NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI 0 Peak Permit Permit Plus Poast NR NR NR NR NR AH NR NR NR NR Powerflex HL Prefar NR 4 NR NR NR NR 4 Prequel Princep SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY Prowl H2O NY NR NY NY NR NY NY NY NY 4 Pulsar D Pursuit 5 40B 26 40B 4 NR 18 40B 40B 40B 4 7 Raptor NR Reflex Realm Q Rely / /3 NR /3 Remedy Ultra Resolve 18 NR Resolve Q Resource NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Ro-Neet AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Sandea 10 9 NR NR NR NR 2 Select/Select Max NR 1 1 Sharpen 2.85 SC Sierra 5 24 B 9 24 B 24 B 9 24 B 24 B 24 B 24 B NR Sinbar Solicam B B B B B B B B B B Sonalan AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Sonic/Authority First 30B 18 30B 12 NR 12 30B 30B 30B 4 Spartan 4F Spartan Advance 12B 4 12B 4 NR 18 12B 12B 12B 4 Spartan Charge 12B 4 12B 4 NR 18 12B 12B 12B 4 Spin-aid NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Spur NR NR Starane Ultra NR 4 NR NR Status Steadfast/Steadfast Q AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label table continued next page

48 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 45 TABLE 20. CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (cont d.) Barley, winter Bean, lima Bean, snap Corn, field Corn, sweet Cucumber Muskmelon Onion Pea Herbicide Alfalfa Cabbage Stinger 10.5 NR NR NR NR Surpass NXT 9 NY NY NY 18 NY NY NY Synchrony XP Targa Touchdown products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Treflan NR NR NR NR NR 5 5 NR 5 5 NR Trivence Ultra Blazer AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Valor Valor XLT Verdict NY 4 NY NY NY NR NY NY NY NY NY Vida Warrant 9 NY NI NI NI NI NY NI NI NI NI Yukon 9 2 NI Zemax Zeus 12B B B 12B 12B 12B Zidua NR NR AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label table continued next page

49 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 46 TABLE 20. CROP ROTATION PLANTING RESTRICTIONS MONTHS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION UNTIL PLANTING NEW CROP 1 (cont d.) Rye, Sorghum winter Soybean grain Squash Tomato Watermelon Wheat, winter Herbicide Pepper Potato Pumpkin Stinger NR NR Surpass NXT 18 NY 18 NY NY NY Synchrony XP NR Targa Touchdown products NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Treflan NR 6 NR 5 NR NR 5 5 NR 6 5 NR Trivence Ultra Blazer AH 18 AH AH AH AH AH AH AH AH Valor NR Valor XLT Verdict NY NY NY 4 4 NR NY NY NY 4 Vida Warrant NI NY NI NI 0 NY NI NI NI 4 Yukon Zemax 18 NY NY Zeus 12B 12B 12B B 12B 12B 4 Zidua AH = after harvest, B = bioassay of soil recommended before planting, d = days, NI = NO INFORMATION, NR = no restrictions, NY = next year, SY = second year following application 2 18 Months with a soil ph Days per pint 4 30 Days per pint 5 Read the label for additional restrictions due to special state restrictions, varieties, rate, rainfall, soil, ph, application rate, etc. 6 Transplanted 7 See label for alternative replant restrictions for certain GMO (genetically modified) varieties. 8 See current 2,4-D label

50 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 47 TABLE 21: COMMENTS FOR THE RESPECTIVE HERBICIDES Herbicides arranged alphabetically by trade name within timing of application (pre-plant, soil-applied, or postemergence) with rate and remarks concerning their use. PPI= pre-plant incorporated PRE= preemergence POST= postemergence Herbicide active ingredient trade name 2,4-D 2,4-D 4L formulations ** many trade names Banvel 4S Clarity 4S Sterling 4S or other available formulations Gramoxone SL 2L ** Liberty SL ** dicamba paraquat glufosinate Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PREPLANT lb Add 2,4-D to paraquat or glyphosate for added burndown of hard to control broadleaf weeds. Apply 7 to 30 days pt prior to planting, depending on rate and formulation (ester or amine). Refer to Table 1. Use 2,4-D for added control or suppression of mustard spp., plantains, horseweed, and 2,4-D susceptible annual broadleaf weeds. PREPLANT lb Add dicamba to paraquat or glyphosate for added burndown of hard to control broadleaf weeds, particularly oz marestail (horseweed). Apply Banvel or Sterling 30 days oz prior to planting. Following Clarity applications, a oz minimum accumulation of one inch of rainfall or overhead irrigation followed by a 14 day waiting period for the 4 to 8 oz/a rates or a 28 day waiting period for the 16 oz/a rate is required (refer to Table 1). Dicamba is an excellent alternative for glyphosate-resistant horseweed. PREPLANT PREPLANT lb pt lb oz Restricted Use Pesticide. Apply in 20 to 60 gallons of water per acre. Rate is dependent on weed size (see label). Paraquat may not control weeds taller than 6 inches. Increase gallonage as density of stubble, crop residue or weeds increases. 2,4-D at pint per acre may be added to this program for additional control of marestail (horseweed), common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and other emerged, susceptible broadleaf weeds. The addition of metribuzin will improve overall control with paraquat (this includes Glory, TriCor, Boundary, Canopy, Trivence, and Authority MTZ) Liberty 280 may be applied as a burndown treatment prior to the planting or emergence of any conventional or transgenic soybean variety. Apply a minimum of 29 fl oz/a to young, actively growing weeds. Warm temperatures, high humidity, and bright sunlight improve the performance of Liberty 280. Weed control may be reduced when applications are made to weeds under stress from drought or cool temperatures. Liberty 280 must be applied with ammonium sulfate at the rate of 3 lb/a. Burndown and in crop applications may not exceed 65 fl oz/a per season. Liberty 280 performs better as a POST herbicide or burndown for double-cropped soybeans compared to burndown applications in April. ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES

51 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 48 Herbicide active ingredient trade name glyphosate ae formulations Roundup Original Max 4.5L ** Roundup PowerMAX or WeatherMax 4.5 L ** Touchdown HiTech 5SL ** Touchdown Total 4.17SL ** or other available formulations Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PREPLANT lb ae Glyphosate is effective in heavy annual weed infestations and with large weeds where thorough coverage with pt paraquat is not possible. Higher rates will control perennial species, but those species often are not pt present or susceptible at the time of planting. Use rates vary by product, formulation, and weed size. Higher pt rates are usually recommended for annual weeds taller than 6 inches. Horseweed taller than 6 inches may not pt be controlled. Applications with fan-type nozzles generally have been more effective than with flood nozzles. Use 10 to 40 gallons of water per acre. To aid in the control of marestail/horseweed, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and other emerged, susceptible broadleaf weeds, 2,4-D or dicamba may be added. Glyphosate is available in some pre-packaged mixtures, but glyphosate rate may not be adequate for burndown control. Prepackaged mixtures containing glyphosate include Spartan Advance, Flexstar GT, and Sequence. ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES

52 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 49 Herbicide active ingredient trade name saflufenacil Sharpen 2.85SC** Premixes OpTill 68WG ** OpTill PRO co-pack ** Verdict 5.57EC ** Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PREPLANT lb oz 2.0 oz 2.0 oz + 10 fl oz 5.0 oz Sharpen may be applied as a burndown treatment from 44 days early preplant through preemergence timings as directed on the label. On coarse-textured soils with less than 2% om: A minimum of 30 days between application of 1 to 1.5 oz of Sharpen and soybean planting is required; minimum of 44 days between application of 2.0 oz of Sharpen and soybean planting. All other soils: no waiting period of 1 oz of Sharpen in applied; minimum of 14 days between applications of 1.5 oz of Sharpen and planting on all other soil types; and 30 days if 2 oz of Sharpen is used. The 2 oz rate of Sharpen can be used for enhanced control. Do not apply during soybean cracking stage or after emergence as severe crop damage will occur. Control of emerged grasses will require adding an additional herbicide. Do not apply Sharpen with other Group 14 herbicides such as sulfentrazone or flumioxazin as a tank-mix or sequential application within 30 days or crop injury may result with coarse-textured soils with less than 2% om; and a minimum of 14 days on all other soil types (see label). Sharpen may be tank-mixed with Clarity, Extreme, Prowl H2O, Pursuit, or glyphosate. Local research indicate limited residual control with Sharpen at rates and use pattern for soybeans. Sharpen is a Group 14 herbicide and due to concerns for long-term viability of this herbicide mode of action, extension specialists in the Mid-Atlantic region recommend not using it every year. This mode of action has greater utility in soybeans than corn and especially for control of glyphosate resistant horseweed (marestail). As such, we suggest that Sharpen and other saflufenacil containing products (e.g., Verdict, Optill) be used in soybean first and only in alternate years. The use of Sharpen in continuous corn should also be limited to every other year (alternating years with HPPD-containing herbicide [Group 27] and avoided if Sharpen is used in soybean in a corn soybean rotation. OpTill, OpTill PRO, or Verdict contain Sharpen and improve residual control of selected broadleaf and grass weeds in a planned two-pass control program for Roundup-Ready or Liberty-Link soybeans. OpTill PRO is a co-pack of OpTill and Outlook. ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES

53 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 50 chlorimuron + tribenuron Canopy EX 29.5DG PREPLANT lb lb oz Apply with glyphosate or Gramoxone to no-till fields, or alone to clean conventional-tillage fields anytime after harvest at 2.2 to 3.3 oz/a up to 14 days before soybean planting, or 1.1 to 2.2 oz/a up to 7 days before soybean planting; consult label for details. For best results apply to annual weeds less than 3 inches in height or diameter and perennial weeds less than 6 inches in height or diameter. The addition of 1 pint/a of 2,4-D ester is recommended, and is required for some species. Applications must include either a crop oil concentrate or a nonionic surfactant. Crop oil concentrate is the required adjuvant unless tank-mixing with a product that precludes its use. On soils with ph 7.0 or less, Canopy EX can be applied at rates of oz/a., and will provide residual control or suppression of several winter and summer annual weeds through normal planting dates, but will not provide season-long control. Residual Herbicides That Can Enhance Pre-Plant Burndown Control: Products containing cloransulam (FirstRate), chlorimuron (Classic), and thifensulfuron (Harmony) have some postemergence activity on broadleaf weeds and can improve pre-plant burndown control. However, these products will not control ALS-resistant biotypes. When using a herbicide with one of these active ingredients as part of a burndown program, use full-labeled rates, follow label recommendations for adjuvants, and apply to small, actively growing weeds. If relying on these herbicides to provide residual weed control, applications should be made within 10 to 14 days of planting. Application earlier than this may require a postemergence herbicide application shortly after planting. Prepackage mixtures containing these specific active ingredients include: cloransulam (FirstRate) chlorimuron (Classic) thifensulfuron (Harmony) Authority First Authority XL Canopy EX Sonic Canopy Envive Authority XL Canopy EX Synchrony XP Gangster Envive Gangster Synchrony XP Sonic Surveil ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES

54 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 51 Soil-applied Herbicides: Herbicide active ingredient trade name Anthem see Zidua sulfentrazone + chlorimuron Authority XL 70WG Canopy 75DF Command 3ME Define 4SC chlorimuron + metribuzin clomazone flufenacet s-metolachlor Dual Magnum 7.62E Dual II Magnum 7.64E Premix Boundary 6.5EC Prefix 5.3E Sequence 5.25EW Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PPI/PRE PPI/PRE PRE PPI/PRE PPI/PRE lb lb oz lb lb oz lb pts lb oz lb pt pt pt pt pt Authority XL may be applied early preplant, preplant burndown, preplant incorporated, or preemergence. Rates are based on region, soil type, and soil organic matter. Applications made after crop emergence will result in severe crop injury. These rates fit well in a GMO soybean planned 2-pass program. Apply prior to soybean emergence. Do not use on sand or any soil with less than 0.5% om. Do not apply more than 2.25 oz/a if soil ph is 7.0 or higher. Observe rotational crop restrictions. Use of STS soybeans may allow application of higher Canopy rates with reduced risk of crop injury. Mechanical incorporation will improve weed control when no rainfall or irrigation occurs within 10 to 14 days after planting. Apply to the soil and uniformly incorporate into the top 2 inches within 14 days before planting using a disk, harrow, rolling cultivator, or similar implement. Observe labeled rotational crop restrictions for all products containing chlorimuron (Classic). Command 3 ME formulation is labeled for PRE application only. Clomazone is very prone to offsite movement due to volatility. Refer to label for precautions. Do not apply during temperature inversions or when wind speed is greater than 10 mph. Apply in a minimum spray volume of 10 gal/a. Use coarse sprays to reduce drift. Do not apply Command 3ME within 1,200 feet of areas listed on label including towns, subdivisions and commercial fruit and vegetable production. Observe labeled rotational crop restrictions. Preplant surface and preplant incorporated applications may be applied up to 14 days before planting. The 14 oz/a use rate will provide full-season control of annual grasses on coarse-textured soils, but will provide only early-season control on medium and fine textured soils. Rates lower than 14 oz/a will provide only early-season weed control on all soil textures. Mechanical incorporation will improve weed control when no rainfall or irrigation occurs within 10 to 14 days after planting. Apply to the soil and uniformly incorporate into the top 2 inches within 14 days before planting using a disk, harrow, rolling cultivator, or similar implement. An incorporated application will improve yellow nutsedge control. For surface applications: if adequate soil moisture is not received within 7 to 10 days after application, use of a rotary hoe or shallow cultivation is recommended. ## Refer to TABLE 7: USE RATE PER ACRE FOR SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES

55 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 52 Herbicide active ingredient trade name cloransulam FirstRate 84WG Premix Gangster Multi-Pack Authority First 70DF Sonic 70DF Surveil Multi-Pack linuron Linex 4L Lorox 50DF Metribuzin 75 DF Metribuzin 4L metribuzin Premixes Authority MTZ 45DF Boundary 6.5EC Canopy 75DF alachlor Intrro 4E or other available formulations dimethenamid-p Outlook 6.0 EC OpTill PRO co-pack Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PPI/PRE lb PRE PPI/PRE PPI/PRE PPI/PRE oz oz oz oz lb pt 1-2 lbs lb lb pt oz pt 4-6 oz lb qt lb lb 8-21 oz 2 oz + 10 fl oz FirstRate water-dispersible packets are not soluble in liquid fertilizer solutions; premixing in water is required. A pre-packaged mixture of FirstRate and Valor SX is available as Gangster or Surveil. Gangster/Surveil can be applied as a fall (after October 15) or spring preplant treatment or preemergence. See Valor SX entry for additional comments and mode of action statement. Authority First and Sonic are premixes of Spartan and FirstRate. Provide good agitation in tank before and during application. Follow labeled directions regarding soybean planting depth. Do not use on sand or loamy sand soils or any soil with less than 1% OM. Do not plant any crop not on label within 4 months of application. Plant at least 1.5 inches deep. Do not use on sand, sandy loam or soils with less than 0.5% organic matter. If used on coarse textured soils with less than 2% organic matter or if heavy rainfall follows soon after application, severe stand losses can occur. Certain organophosphate soil insecticides placed in contact with seed also may result in increased soybean injury from metribuzin. Do not use on Altona, Coker 102 or 156, Gervin, Semmes, Tracy or Varosy varieties. The lowest rates have not effectively controlled cocklebur, jimsonweed or morningglory. Rainfall ( inch) within 2 weeks after application is required to activate herbicide. Do not replant treated areas to any crop other than soybeans within 4 months after treatment. Read and follow the label for such use. Restricted Use Pesticide. Mechanical incorporation will improve weed control when no rainfall or irrigation occurs within 10 to 14 days after planting. Apply to the soil and uniformly incorporate into the top 2 inches within 14 days before planting using a disk, harrow, rolling cultivator, or similar implement. For surface applications: if adequate soil moisture is not received within 7 to 10 days after application, use of a rotary hoe or shallow cultivation is recommended. Alachlor is not recommended for incorporation on coarse soils in the Southeast. Do not exceed a rate of 12 oz/a of Outlook on coarse soils with less than 1.5% organic matter. PPI applications are not recommended on these soils. Mechanical incorporation will improve weed control when no rainfall or irrigation occurs within 10 to 14 days after planting. Apply to the soil and uniformly incorporate into the top 2 inches within 14 days before planting using a disk, harrow, rolling cultivator, or similar implement. For surface applications: if adequate soil moisture is not received within 7 to 10 days after application, use of a rotary hoe or shallow cultivation is recommended. OpTill Pro is a co-pack of OpTill and Outlook. ## Refer to TABLE 7: USE RATE PER ACRE FOR SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES

56 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 53 Herbicide active ingredient trade name halosulfuron + thifensulfuron Permit Plus 74WG pendimethalin Prowl H2O 3.8AS pendimethalin 3.3EC or other formulations flumetsulam Python 80WDG fomesafen Reflex 2LC Premix Prefix 5.3E Flexstar GT 3.3L sulfentrazone Spartan 4F Premix Authority Assist 4SC Authority First 70DF Authority MTZ 45DF Authority XL 70DG Sonic 70DF Spartan Advance 4.6SC chlorimuron + thifensulfuron Synchrony XP 28.4XP trifluralin Treflan 4EC or other formulations Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PRE PPI/PRE PPI/PRE PRE PPI/PRE PRE PPI oz lb pt pt lb oz 0.25 lb 1.0 pt pt pt lb fl oz oz oz oz oz oz qt lb lb 0.75 to 3 oz lb pt pt Use only with sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean (STS) varieties. Permit Plus can be applied from 21 days preplant up till soybean emergence. It will not control any grass species. To control existing weeds add COC and AMS or UAN. Addition of a burndown herbicide may be needed to control some species. Adjust rate to soil texture. Under certain environmental conditions, a PRE application can result in brittle soybean stems. Generic EC formulations are available; consult individual labels for rates and restrictions. If incorporating, do so to a depth of 2 inches. Rainfall or irrigation is need to activate Python. Observe rotational restrictions for products containing flumetsulam. Reflex is labeled for preemergence use as part of a planned two-pass system. Reflex as a soil-applied herbicide will control or suppress certain broadleaf weeds if rainfall occurs shortly after application. Smallseed broadleaves are most susceptible to Reflex as a soil-applied herbicide. Prefix followed by sequential applications of Reflex are prohibited. Soybean stunting may occur if excessive rainfall occurs after application but before soybeans emerge. Do not apply if there are visible signs of cracking due to soybean emergence, or serious crop injury may result. Observe labeled rotational crop restrictions for all products containing sulfentrazone. Authority Assist is a premix of Spartan and Pursuit. Authority First and Sonic are premixes of Spartan and FirstRate. Authority MTZ is a premix of Spartan and Metribuzin. Authority XL is a premix of Spartan and Classic. Spartan Advance is a premix of Spartan and glyphosate. Although the rate range for preemergence control ranges from 0.75 to 3 oz/a, limited residual control should be expected with rates less than 2 oz/a. Synchrony XP has limited burndown activity on many common weed species found in no-till fields and typically needs to be tank-mixed with another burndown herbicide. Rotational crop intervals vary for different rates and soil ph; refer to supplemental label for restrictions. Incorporate within 24 hours after application. Plant soybeans after early season adverse weather has passed. Do not plant deeper than 2 inches. Follow label for proper soil incorporation procedures. ## Refer to TABLE 7: USE RATE PER ACRE FOR SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES

57 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 54 Herbicide active ingredient trade name flumioxazin Valor SX 51WDG Premix Gangster Multi-Pack Envive 41.3 DG Fierce 76 WG Surveil Multi-Pack Valor XLT 40 WG Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PRE lb oz oz oz oz oz Do not mechanically incorporate Valor into the soil after application. Valor has some burndown activity, but it should be tank-mixed with glyphosate or paraquat in most cases. Rate is dependent upon weed species targeted, soil type, and soil organic matter; refer to label. Valor SX, Valor XLT, or Gangster tank-mixed with alachlor (Intrro), flufenacet (Define), metolachlor (Dual, Boundary) or dimethenamid (Outlook) must be applied a minimum of 14 days prior to planting. Or, Valor SX, Valor XLT, or Gangster may be applied 14 days prior to planting followed by one of these products applied at planting. Envive and Surveil labels allow tankmixing with chloroacetamide within 14 days of planting if soybeans are planted under no-till or minimum tillage with wheat or corn stubble present. Do not use Fierce if any of the above products will be used preemergence in soybeans. Do not apply products containing Valor if beans have begun to emerge. Splashing soil from irrigation or heavy rainfall may cause injury to newly emerged soybeans. Valor is a Group 14 herbicide and due to concerns for long-term viability of this herbicide mode of action, extension specialists in the Mid-Atlantic region recommend not using it every year. This mode of action has greater utility in soybeans than corn and especially for control of glyphosate resistant horseweed (marestail). As such, we suggest that Valor and other flumioxazin containing products (e.g., Fierce, Valor XLT, Envive) be used in soybean first and only in alternate years. The use of Valor in continuous corn should also be limited to every other year (alternating years with HPPD-containing herbicide [Group 27] and avoided if Valor is used in soybean in a corn soybean rotation. Gangster and Surveil are pre-packaged mixture of Valor and FirstRate. Envive is a pre-packaged mixture of Valor, Classic and Harmony. Valor XLT is a premix of Valor and Classic. Fierce is a premix of Valor and Zidua. Either can be applied as a fall (Gangster after October 15, Valor XLT or Fierce after November 15) or spring preplant treatment or preemergence. Products containing flumioxazin have specific tank-cleaning instructions on the label or in technical bulletins to help avoid contaminant injury from spray tank residues. ## Refer to TABLE 7: USE RATE PER ACRE FOR SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES

58 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 55 Herbicide active ingredient trade name flumioxazin + chlorimuron Valor XLT 40 WDG Envive 41.3 DG flumioxazin chlorimuron thifensulfuron pyroxasulfone Zidua 85 WDG Anthem 2.15 SC (pre-packaged mixture with fluthiacet/cadet) Premix Fierce 76 WG Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a PRE lb lb oz/a wt/a PPI/PRE oz/a 5-11 fl oz oz Do not mechanically incorporate Valor XLT or Envive into the soil after application. One of the active ingredients in Valor XLT (chlorimuron) is a group 2 herbicide, and there is known resistance to group 2 herbicides in this region. Valor XLT and Envive have burndown activity, but it should be tank-mixed with glyphosate or paraquat in most cases. Valor XLT or Envive can be tank-mixed with products such as Command or pendimethalin for improved grass control. Do not tank-mix Valor XLT with alachlor (Intrro), flufenacet (Define), metolachlor (Dual, Boundary) or dimethenamid (Outlook) if application is made with 14 days of planting. Envive label allows tankmixes with cholroacetamides if soybeans are planted no till into wheat or corn stubble. Do not apply Envie or Valor XLT if beans have begun to emerge. Splashing soil from irrigation or heavy rainfall may cause injury to newly emerged soybeans. Valor XLT can be applied as a fall (after November 15) or spring preplant treatment or preemergence. Similar for Envive, although there is no date restrictions for fall applications. See Valor SX entry for additional information and mode of action statement. Products containing flumioxazin have specific tankcleaning instructions on the label or in technical bulletins to help avoid contaminant injury from spray tank residues. Zidua/Anthem has annual grass activity similar to Dual, Harness, Outlook, etc. but also provides control of several annual broadleaves. Zidua can be applied as an early pre-plant application up through planting and then as an early POST application from first to third trifoliate stage. Do not apply Zidua to soybean from emergence (at cracking) through unifoliate stage due to injury. Anthem can be used from pre-plant through third trifoliate (V3). Refer to labels for rates of Zidua and Anthem applied postemeregence. Zidua does not control existing weeds, but Anthem contains Cadet and will provide control of small (~1 tall) broadleaves. Both must be activated by at least ½ inch of rainfall prior to weed germination or effectiveness may be reduced. Zidua and Anthem can be tankmixed with other herbicides to increase the spectrum of control. Refer to the labels for rotations restrictions (most vegetables have an 18-month rotational restriction). Fierces is a prepackaged mixture of Zidua and Valor. ## Refer to TABLE 7: USE RATE PER ACRE FOR SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES

59 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 56 Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides: Herbicide Rate Remarks Active ingredient trade name lbs a.i./a product/a 2,4-DB lb Butyrac 200 2L many formulations available Basagran 4L ** Premixes Storm 4S ** Blazer 2L** Ultra Blazer 2L ** Premixes Storm 4S ** Cadet 0.91EC Classic 25WG ** bentazon acifluorfen fluthiacet chlorimuron Premix Synchrony XP 28.4XP ** pt lb qt 1.5 pt lb pt pt 1.5 pt lb oz lb oz oz ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES 2,4-DB is not recommended for use by itself due to limited control and potential for crop injury. Rather 2 oz of 2,4-DB can improve morningglory, cocklebur, and jimsonweed control when tank-mixed with other postemergence herbicides. Potential for crop injury is increased under hot, dry growing conditions. If more than 2 oz/a rate is used, apply as directed spray into rows when soybeans are 8 to 12 inches high and cocklebur, morningglory, jimsonweed and pigweed have not exceeded a height of 3 inches. Top of weed seedling must be sprayed. Use precision directed spray application equipment. Apply with sprayer nozzles mounted on skids or gauge wheels. Do not spray more than one-third of the base of soybean as severe injury may occur. Apply to weeds when they are small and actively growing. Weed growth stages generally correspond to soybean growth stages of one- to two-trifoliate leaves. Yellow nutsedge may be controlled best when the application is followed in 7 to 10 days with a repeated application or by cultivation in 10 to 14 days. Soybeans may exhibit a slight yellowing, bronzing or speckled appearance, which generally is soon outgrown. Do not apply to soybeans growing under unfavorable conditions and exhibiting stress symptoms. Apply when weeds are 2 to 4 inches high and actively growing and when soybeans are in the one- to two-trifoliate leaf stage. Do not apply when crop and weeds are under stress. Apply with 10 to 50 gallons of spray volume per acre, and a minimum of 40 to 60 pounds per square inch. Addition of surfactant to the 2L - formulation may improve control on drought-stressed or slightly oversized weeds; but applications made under these conditions generally will be less satisfactory than those made under optimum conditions. Cadet does not provide residual weed control. Apply from 1 st trifoliate to full flowering soybean stage, but no later than 60 days before harvest. Cadet is very effective on velvetleaf, but other broadleaf weeds must be small to achieve control/suppression. Tank-mixing with other herbicides will usually be necessary to provide broad-spectrum weed control. Do not apply when crop foliage is wet. Cadet can cause bronzing or browning of soybean leaves. Cadet can be applied at 0.4 to 0.6 oz/a when tank-mixed with glyphosate (glyphosatetolerant soybean) or glufosinate (Liberty-Link soybean). Cadet will aid in the control of vining morningglories when tank-mixed with glyphosate. Apply to young, actively growing weeds within labeled weed growth stages. Classic label states that the first trifoliate leaf of the soybean is fully expanded before the application is made. Apply with a minimum of 10 gallons per acre. Flood-type, lowpressure nozzles are not recommended. Use of STS varieties will reduce the risk of injury. Synchrony XP can be applied to non-sts soybean varieties at oz/a use rate or to STS varieties only at rates up to oz/a. Observe labeled rotational crop restrictions for all products containing Classic.

60 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 57 Herbicide Rate Remarks Active ingredient trade name lbs a.i./a product/a lactofen Cobra 2EC ** 0.20 lb 12.5 oz Cobra is currently labeled for control of large (15 to 36 inches) broadleaf weeds, such as velvetleaf, giant ragweed, jimsonweed and burcucumber [State Local Need (SLN's) labels for Maryland, Delaware and Virginia]. Expect some crop injury when using Cobra. The addition of 2,4-DB (2 ounces) is recommended for help in controlling morningglories. cloransulam FirstRate 84DF ** lb oz FirstRate water-dispersible packets are not soluble in liquid fertilizer solutions; premixing in water is required. Apply before 50 percent flowering stage of soybeans. UAN will improve velvetleaf control. Two applications of 0.3 oz/a are allowed. Do not exceed 1.05 oz/a per season. Flexstar see Reflex thifensulfuron Harmony SG 50SG ** generic products 75DF** Premix Permit Plus 74WG ** Synchrony XP 28.4XP ** Liberty SL ** Pursuit 2AS ** glufosinate imazethapyr Premix Extreme 2.17EC ** imazamox Raptor 1AS ** lb oz oz 0.75 oz oz lb oz lb 4 fl oz 1.5 qt lb 5.0 oz ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES For adequate velvetleaf control, add 1 gallon of liquid nitrogen solution per acre. Use of STS varieties will reduce the risk of injury. Apply Permit Plus to STS varieties only. Harmony 50SG or generic 75DF thifensulfuron products can be applied to STS soybean varieties at rates of to 0.5 oz/a or to 0.33 oz/a respectively. Synchrony XP can be applied to non- STS soybean varieties at oz/a use rate or to STS varieties at rates up to oz/a rate. Harmony SG, generic thifensulfuron products, Permit Plus, and Synchrony XP labels state that the first trifoliate leaf of the soybean is fully expanded before the application is made. Permit Plus is excellent for yellow nutsedge control. For use only on varieties designated as Liberty Link. Uniform, thorough spray coverage is necessary to achieve consistent weed control. Applications may be made from emergence up to but not including the bloom growth stage. Apply at fl oz/a according to label instructions for individual weed species and weed size. Two POST applications of Liberty 280 are allowed, but do not exceed 65 fl oz/a/season. Liberty 280 must be applied with ammonium sulfate at the rate of 3 lb/a. Use of surfactants or crop oils may increase risk of crop response. Consult label for tank mix partners. Applications should be made between dawn and 2 hours before sunset to avoid the possibility of reduced lambsquarters and velvetleaf control. Good coverage is required for acceptable control. Liberty 280 has been observed to antagonize grass control with postemergence grass herbicides. Apply early POST when weeds are actively growing and before most exceed a height of 3 inches and before soybeans begin to bloom. Only one application of Extreme can be made per soybean growing season. Extreme can only be applied to soybean varieties designated Roundup Ready. Observe rotational restrictions for products containing imazethapyr. Apply early POST when weeds are actively growing and before most exceed 3 inches in height and before soybeans begin to bloom. Occasionally, internode shortening and/or temporary yellowing of soybeans may occur, especially if under environmental stress. When adequate soil moisture is present, Raptor will provide residual activity of susceptible germinating weeds. Observe rotational restrictions for products containing imazamox.

61 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 58 Herbicide Rate Remarks Active ingredient trade name lbs a.i./a product/a fomesafen lb Reflex 2LC ** Flexstar 1.88L ** Premix Flexstar GT 3.3L ** Resource 0.86EC ** flumiclorac glyphosate ae formulations Roundup Original Max 4.5L ** Roundup PowerMAX or WeatherMax 4.5L ** Touchdown HiTech 5SL ** Touchdown Total 4.17SL** or other available formulations Premixes Extreme 2.17EC ** Sequence 5.25EW ** pt pt pt lb oz lb ae 2-4 pt pt pt pt 1.5 qt pt Apply when weeds are small and before weeds reach maximum growth stages described on the label, and before soybeans begin to bloom. Do not apply Reflex or Flexstar more than once every 2 years. Observe labeled rotational crop restrictions. The addition of 2,4-DB (2 ounces) is recommended for help in controlling morningglories. Flexstar can cause more soybean injury than Reflex. Flexstar GT contains glyphosate and should be applied only to glyphosate-tolerant soybeans. Apply 4 to 8 ounces of Resource as a broadcast POST spray to 6- to 10-leaf velvetleaf using higher rates for larger velvetleaf. Resource has activity against several other weeds when they are in the two- to three-leaf stage, including cocklebur, lambsquarters, common ragweed, jimsonweed, pigweed species, and prickly sida, but control declines on larger weeds. For use only on soybean varieties designated Roundup Ready. This program is most effective in narrow-row or drilled soybeans. Roundup may be applied POST from cracking through the full flowering stage. Make initial POST applications of glyphosate at the following per acre rates (Roundup Original Max, PowerMAX, or WeatherMax 22 to 35 oz; Touchdown HiTech 20 to 30 oz; Touchdown Total 24 to 36 oz), and if necessary, sequential treatments at these per acre rates (Roundup Original Max, PowerMAX, or WeatherMax 11 to 22 oz; Touchdown HiTech 10 to 20 oz; Touchdown Total 12 to 18 oz). Adjust application rates for individual weed species and weed size as directed by the label. For control or suppression of perennial weeds, apply glyphosate at the following per acre rates (Roundup Original Max, PowerMAX, or WeatherMax 22 to 44 oz; Touchdown HiTech 20 to 40 oz; Touchdown Total 24 to 48 oz). Use a nonionic surfactant at 0.25 to 0.5 percent v/v in all applications of Roundup Original Max, and at 0.25 percent v/v with Touchdown HiTech. Do not use surfactant with Roundup WeatherMax. Adjuvants are optional with Roundup PowerMAX or Touchdown Total. Care must be used to avoid drift to adjacent crops or other desirable vegetation. Single in-crop applications must not exceed 44 oz/a of Roundup Original Max, PowerMAX, or WeatherMax, 40 oz/a of Touchdown HiTech, or 48 oz/a Touchdown Total. Combined total in-crop applications must not exceed 2 qt/a/season of Roundup Original Max, PowerMAX, or WeatherMax, 1.8 qt/a/season of Touchdown HiTech, or 2.2 qt/a/season of Touchdown Total. Only one application of Extreme can be made per soybean growing season. Sequence can be applied from cracking through the 3 rd trifoliate stage of Roundup-Ready soybeans. ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES

62 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 59 Herbicide Rate Remarks Active ingredient trade name lbs a.i./a product/a chlorimuron + thifensulfuron Synchrony XP 28.4XP ** lb lb oz Synchrony XP at the 0.75 oz/a use rate is for use only on soybean varieties designated as STS in the variety name. Make applications to small, actively growing weeds after the first trifoliate of the soybean has fully expanded. Carefully observe crop rotation intervals, and note that extended crop rotation intervals apply when Synchrony XP is applied following preemergence applications of other sulfonylurea or imidazolinone herbicides. Synchrony XP can be used at a reduced rate of oz/a on non-sts soybeans for control of 1-4 inch cocklebur and pigweed, and suppression of 1-4 inch lambsquarters, jimsonweed, common ragweed, smartweed, and velvetleaf. Postemergence Grass Herbicides: Herbicide active ingredient trade name fluazifop Fusilade DX 2EC ** Premixes Fusion 2.56EC ** sethoxydim Poast 1.5L ** clethodim Select Max 1EC ** quizalofop Targa 0.88EC ** Assure II 0.88EC ** Application timing Rate Remarks lbs a.i./a product/a POST lb Apply to actively growing grasses at the rate and growth stage indicated on the label for the individual grass 6-12 oz species with a minimum of 10 gallons of water per acre and 30 to 60 pounds per square inch. Do not use flood nozzles. Apply before soybeans begin to bloom oz POST lb Apply to actively growing grasses at the rate and size indicated on the label for the individual grass species 1-2 pts with 10 to 20 gallons of water per acre and 40 pounds per square inch. Do not use flood-type nozzles. POST lb Apply to actively growing grasses in 10 to 40 gallons of water. See label for tank-mix instructions and grass oz growth stages. POST lb Apply to actively growing grasses in 10 to 40 gallons of water per acre using flat fan or hollow cone nozzles. Do 5-12 oz not apply within 80 days of harvest or after pod set oz ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES

63 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 60 TABLE 22: PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS FOR HARVEST AIDS IN SOYBEAN Aim Rate: 1 to 2 fl oz/a. Apply when the soybeans are mature and the grain have begun to dry down. Allow at least three days between application and harvest. Good spray coverage is essential for satisfactory performance. Use NIS, MSO, or COC; and nitrogen fertilizer maybe included to improve performance. Clarity Rate: 8 to 32 fl oz/a. Apply after the soybean pods have reached mature brown color and at least 75% leaf drop has occurred. Do not harvest until 7 days after application. Apply with 1 to 2 pt of nonionic surfactant per 100 gal of spray solution (0.125 to 0.25% v/v). Gramoxone Products Rate: Gramoxone SL 2 8 to 16 fl oz/a in 20 gals for ground application or 5 gal for air applications Apply at least 15 days prior to harvest after indeterminent soybeans are at least 65% of the seed pods have reached a mature brown color and seed moisture is 30% or less; and determinant varieties are full developed, ½ of the leaves have dropped and remaining leaves are yellowing. Immature soybeans will be injured. Use a nonionic surfactant at a minimum of 25% v/v or crop oil concentrate at 1% v/v (1 gal/100 gal). Roundup Products ** Rate: Roundup WeatherMax: up to 3.3 qt/a after pods have been set and lost all green color (no more than 44 fl oz by air). Allow a minimum of 7 days between application and harvest. Do not apply more than 3.3 quarts of WeatherMa Apply with extreme caution because spray drift can be very damaging to trees, shrubs, and lawns at this time of year. Refer to specific glyphosate product for application details. Non-Roundup Ready Soybeans Roundup Ready Soybeans Preharvest interval (days Preharvest interval (days Maximum rate/acre after application) Maximum rate/acre after application) Herbicide Ground application Air application Grain Hay / Forage Ground application Air application Grain Hay / Forage Clarity oz oz 14 do not do not oz oz 14 harvest harvest Gramoxone do not do not oz oz oz oz 15 SL harvest harvest Roundup Original Max/ PowerMAX/ WeatherMax 3.3 qt 44 oz 7 25 a 22 oz 22 oz Touchdown do not 3.6 qt 20 oz oz 20 oz 14 HiTech harvest Touchdown do not 4.3 qt 24 oz oz 24 oz 14 Total harvest a If rate is 22 oz/a or less, restriction is reduced to 14 days. ** Refer to TABLE 16: ADJUVANTS FOR USE WITH POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES

64 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 61 TABLE 23: GENERAL HERBICIDE MIXING PROCEDURES Specific mixing or tank-mixing procedures may vary among product labels. When using a product alone, adhere to the mixing instructions on the product label. When tank-mixing two or more products, adhere to the most restrictive label s instructions. If it is difficult to determine which instructions to follow or when the instructions on the labels contradict each other, use the general instructions outlined below. 1) Make sure the spray equipment is properly cleaned according to the labels of the products that were last applied with the sprayer. 2) Make sure the sprayer is properly calibrated, has good agitation, and is equipped with the appropriate screens (no finer than 50 mesh; 100 mesh is finer than 50 mesh) and spray tips. 3) If tank-mixing two or more products, make sure there are no label restrictions prohibiting those products from being tank-mixed. 4) If tank-mixing two or more herbicides that are not specifically allowed on the labels, or if the labels require it, perform a compatibility test (such as a jar test) to assure that the products mix properly. 5) If a suspension or liquid fertilizer is being used as the carrier, perform a compatibility test (such as a jar test) to assure that the products dissolve properly and remain stable. 6) Fill the spray tank ½ to ¾ full with clean water or suspension or liquid fertilizer (if being used as the carrier) and begin agitation. If possible, maintain agitation until all applications are completed. 7) If ammonium sulfate (AMS) is being added as a water conditioner, add the AMS first. This is particularly important if glyphosate (Roundup, Touchdown, etc.) or paraquat (Gramoxone) products are being used. Make sure the AMS is completely dissolved before continuing. 8) If compatibility agents are required, follow the herbicide label first, followed by the directions with the compatibility agent. Compatibility agents are generally either mixed or slurried with the products and/or added to the carrier solution prior to adding any products. 9) Add water soluble packets and thoroughly mix. Make sure the packets are completely dissolved. 10) Add wettable powders (WP) and thoroughly mix. 11) Add dispersible granules (DG) and dry flowables (DF) that are not in water soluble packets and thoroughly mix. 12) Add liquid flowable (FL) formulations and thoroughly mix. 13) The products in steps 9-12 can be slurried in water to assure that the products are completely dissolved before adding them to the spray tank. Some labels require that the product be slurried, particularly when using a suspension or liquid fertilizer as the carrier. Make sure to use enough water to allow the products to be completely dissolved. 14) Add water soluble concentrates (SC) and other aqueous solution products and thoroughly mix. 15) Add emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations and thoroughly mix. 16) Add spray adjuvants (nonionic surfactants, crop oil concentrates, methylated seed oil, etc.). 17) Add nitrogen fertilizer solutions such as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or ammonium sulfate (AMS) that is not being added as a water conditioner. 18) Add other tank products such as defoamers, drift control agents, dyes, etc., unless labels require their addition earlier in the mixing process. 19) Finish filling the spray tank.

65 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 62 TABLE 24: GENERAL JAR TEST PROCEDURES A jar test is a type of compatibility test used to determine if two or more herbicides will mix properly, or if a herbicide(s) will mix properly with a carrier solution such as a suspension or liquid fertilizer. Incompatibility of tank mixtures is more common with suspensions of liquid fertilizers and pesticides. The idea of the jar test is to create a miniature of the actual spray tank mixture with all of the components in the proper ratios. Many herbicide labels have specific jar test procedures. If possible, follow the procedures outlined on the product label(s). If it is difficult to determine which label instructions to follow or when the instructions on the labels contradict each other, use the general instructions outlined below. 1) Use only water or carrier solution from the intended source and at the source temperature. 2) One jar will usually be adequate if only herbicide compatibility in water is being tested. Two or three jars may be needed if compatibility agents and/or adjuvants will be compared to the tank mixture alone. Use quart-size jars with re-sealable lids. 3) Add the appropriate amount of water or carrier solution to each quart jar using this formula [spray volume (gal/a) x 0.04 = carrier to add in pint/jar]. For example, for a spray volume of 20 gal/a, add 20 x 0.04 = 0.8 pint (378 ml) of carrier to each jar. 4) If a compatibility agent will be used, add the appropriate amount of the compatibility agent to one labeled jar based on this formula: [compatibility agent rate (pint/100 gal) x spray volume (gal/a) x = compatibility agent to add in teaspoons/jar]. For example, if the label rate for the compatibility agent is 3 pints/100 gal and the spray volume is 20 gal/a, then 3 x 20 x = 0.3 teaspoon (1.5 ml) of compatibility agent to one jar. 5) Add the appropriate amount of pesticides in the proper order (wettable powders, dispersible granules, dry flowables, liquid flowables, soluble concentrates and other aqueous solutions, and emulsifiable concentrates) to all jars according to one of the methods below. After each addition shake, invert several times, or stir gently to thoroughly mix. a. Use the formula [product rate/a x 0.005], and convert to an appropriate measurement using the conversion factors below. Or, b. For dry products add 1 teaspoon per pound of product per acre, and for liquid products add ½ teaspoon per pint of product per acre. i. Dry product conversion factors: 1. 1 pound = 16 ounces = 454 grams 2. 1 ounce = 28.3 grams ii. Liquid product conversion factors: 1. 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 128 fluid ounces 2. 1 pint = 2 cups = 16 fluid ounces = 473 milliliters 3. 1 fluid ounce = milliliters = 2 tablespoons = 6 teaspoons 4. 1 teaspoon = 4.93 milliliters = 60 drops 6) If adjuvants are being tested for compatibility, these should be added last to one labeled jar. Use one of these formulas based on how the adjuvant rate is expressed: [adjuvant rate (pint/100 gal) x spray volume (gal/a) x = adjuvant to add in teaspoons/jar], or [adjuvant rate (pint/a) x 0.48 = adjuvant to add in teaspoons/jar]. 7) When all components have been added to the jar(s), invert each jar ten times to mix and let stand for 15 to 30 minutes. If the spray solution balls up or forms flakes, sludges, jels, oily films or layers, or other precipitates it is not compatible. If a compatibility agent has not already been tested, repeat the test with a suitable compatibility agent. The tank mixture should not be used if any signs of incompatibility are evident. If the mixture separates but can be remixed readily, the mixture can be sprayed as long as good agitation is used. 8) Compatibility may be improved by using the following methods when testing and mixing. a. Slurry the dry pesticides in water before addition to the mixture. b. Oily films are usually caused by incompatibility of emulsifiable concentrates (EC). Add ½ of the compatibility agent to the carrier and ½ to emulsifiable concentrates and/or flowable pesticides before adding them to the mixture. 9) When finished, properly dispose of any pesticide waste.

66 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 63 VEGETATIVE KEY: SEEDLING GRASS AND GRASSLIKE WEEDS INCLUDING COMMON SUMMER ANNUAL SPECIES (p. 1 of 2 pages) ligule absent ligule membranous triangular stem round to flattened stem blade and sheath hairless to sparsely hairy blade and sheath hairy long leaf blades short, broad blades barnyardgrass (annual) large crabgrass (annual) long, clasping auricles no auricles round stem flat stem; base of stem is white yellow-green shiny blade quackgrass (perennial) smooth crabgrass (annual) goosegrass (annual) yellow nutsedge (perennial not a grass) blade texture smooth; nodes not prominent blade texture coarse or rough; nodes prominent broad leaf blade; often emerging from rhizomes very broad leaf blade; no rhizomes stems wirelike; often emerging from rhizomes johnsongrass (perennial) shattercane (annual) wirestem muhly (perennial)

67 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 64 VEGETATIVE KEY: SEEDLING GRASS AND GRASSLIKE WEEDS INCLUDING COMMON SUMMER ANNUAL SPECIES (p. 2 of 2 pages) ligule hairlike blade with hairs blade with few or no hairs blade hairy on upper and lower surfaces blade hairy upper surface only short hairs covering entire upper blade surface few long hairs on upper blade surface near collar region short, fine velvetlike hairs on blade sheath hairless to sparsely hairy giant foxtail (annual) yellow foxtail (annual) annual perennial Texas panicum (annual) long, narrow blade; primarily spread by wiry stolons flat stem round stem collar margins occasionally hairy relatively short, broad leaves red horizontal marking in collar region; leaf almost perpendicular to stem mid-vein is not prominent long, narrow leaves sheath margins hairy prominent midvein is pale green to white bermudagrass (perennial) sandbur (annual) broadleaf signalgrass (annual) green foxtail (annual) fall panicum (annual) Grass drawings provided by Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basil, Switzerland

68 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 65 VEGETATIVE KEY: SEEDLING BROADLEAF WEEDS COMMON SUMMER ANNUAL SPECIES p. 1 of 3 pages leaves are alternate leaf arrangement: opposite elliptic (spoon) lanceolate oblong leaf shapes ovate leaf parts true leaves lobed true leaves not lobed (entire) true leaves rough textured true leaves with 3-5 major lobes true leaves with 5 or more major lobes (lacy appearance) plant is size of silver dollar at 2-leaf stage plant is size of quarter at 2-leaf stage cotyledons are lanceolate, thick and waxy; leaves alternate after 1 st true leaves giant ragweed common ragweed common cocklebur Individual plants drawn by Karen English-Loeb Drawings of leaf arrangement, margins and shape provided by Ciba-Geigy, Limited, Basil, Switzerland

69 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 66 VEGETATIVE KEY: SEEDLING BROADLEAF WEEDS COMMON SUMMER ANNUAL SPECIES p. 2 of 3 pages leaves are alternate but not heart-shaped or lobed leaf arrangement: alternate lobed entire toothed (serrated) types of leaf margins heart-shaped leaf true leaves 3 or more lobes true leaves densely hairy; margins toothed true leaves hairless to sparsely hairy; margins entire plant has vining growth habit plant does not have vining growth habit cotyledons: one round and the other heart-shaped cotyledons oval to round to heart shaped cotyledons butterfly-shaped plant has tendrils mature leaves: coarsely toothed margins, primarily 3 lobed cotyledon wings broad cotyledons: large, rounded, thick all leaves 3-lobed (1 st leaf may be only slightly lobed) velvetleaf mature leaves: fine-toothed margins, 3-5 shallow lobes cotyledon wings broad cotyledon wings long and narrow spurred anoda burcucumber tall morningglory pitted morningglory ivyleaf morningglory

70 2015 SOYBEAN WEED MANAGEMENT GUIDE 67 VEGETATIVE KEY: SEEDLING BROADLEAF WEEDS COMMON SUMMER ANNUAL SPECIES p. 3 of 3 pages leaf arrangement: alternate (leaves with various leaf shapes not lobed) elliptic (spoon) lanceolate oblong leaf shapes ovate true leaves hairy; margins toothed (first few leaves entire) true leaves hairless (or sparsely hairy); margins entire plants with distinctive odor plants do not have odor cotyledons have distinctive broad notch; older leaves may be lobed petiole of third and older leaves has stipules (soft spines); older leaves lanceolate to oblong true leaves oval to ovate plants with distinctive odor true leaves elliptic or lanceolate plants with ocrea wild mustard prickly sida jimsonweed ocrea (papery sheath at stem nodes) tropic croton true leaves without white granules true leaves covered with mealy white granules or frost true leaves with notched tip true leaves without notched tip cotyledons ovate with distinctive pointed tip Pennsylvania smartweed smooth pigweed or redroot pigweed eastern black nightshade common lambsquarters