A highly water-soluble C 60 NVP copolymer: a potential material for photodynamic therapy

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1 A highly water-soluble C 6 VP copolymer: a potential material for photodynamic therapy Supporting Information Yuko Iwamoto and Yoko Yamakoshi* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara CA USA Synthesis of co-polymer of C 6 and -vinylpyrrolidone General. lting points were measured with MELTEMP (Laboratory Devices, Holliston, MA) and are uncorrected. MR spectra were recorded on Varian Unity 4 spectrometer (Varian Inc., CA). Mass Spectrometry was performed by VG7 doublefocusing mass spectrometer (VG Analytical, Manchester, UK). UV and IR spectra were recorded on JASC V-53 and JASC FT/IR-43 (JASC, Tokyo, JP), respectively. HPLC analysis was carried out by JASC PU-158 intelligent HPLC pump, JASC UV-157 intelligent UV/VIS detector and ChromPass Chromatography Data System (JASC, Tokyo, JP). All the solvents were purchased from EMD Chemicals Inc., J, and dried by solvent system (Innovative Technology Inc., FL) or distilled if needed. All the reagents were purchased from corresponding suppliers and purified as described when needed. Column chromatography, preparative TLC and analytical TLC were performed on silica gel (rck Silicagel 6 F 254 (Art 5715).25mm, EM Science silica gel 6 PF 254 and E. rck Silica gel 6 (23 4 mesh), respectively). CH H H 2 H Toluene refl., 41 h 36 % cis-, trans-1 Dimethylfulleropyrrolidine, 1. 1 To a solution of C 6 (99.5 %, Material Technology Research Ltd., H, 144 mg,.2 mmol) in toluene (1 ml), L-alanine (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., JP, 36 mg,.4 mmol) and acetaldehyde (Alfa Aesar, MA, distilled, 44 mg, 1. mmol) were added and refluxed for 41 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction process was monitored by TLC (Si 2, toluene- EtAc (1 : 1), Rf of product:.19) and HPLC (column: Senshu Pak Silica (Φ4.6x15 mm), solvent: toluene-etac (1 : 1), flow rate: 1. ml/min, detection wavelength: 39 nm, injection: 1 µl, retention times: 1.68 min (C 6 ), min (cis-1), min (trans-1)). The reaction mixture was separated by silica gel column chromatography (Si 2 : 15 g, developed with hexane, hexane-toluene, hexane-toluene-etac, eluted with hexane-toluene-etac (5 : 5 : 1)) to give brown solid cis and trans- 1 (57 mg,.72 mmol, y = 36 %, recovered C 6 = 66 mg (.92 mmol) and conversion y = 67 %). The ratio of cis and trans isomers were calculated as 77 : 23 by integration of 1 H-MR spectra. TLC: R f.55 (tolene-etac (2 : 1)); 1 H-MR (4 MHz, CDCl 3 ): cis-1 δ 5.12 (q, J=6.78, 2H), 2.7 (d, J=6.87, 6H), trans-1 δ 4.85 (q, J=6.59, 2H), 2.5 (d, J=6.69, 6H); FAB-MS (matrix: BA) m/z 792 [M+1] Tan, X.; Schuster, D. I.; Wilson, S. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39,

2 H Cl pyridine cis-, trans-1 toluene rt, 2 min 79 % cis, trans-2 -Carboxyvinylfulleropyrrolidine, 2. To a solution of cis and trans-1 (34 mg,.43 mmol) in toluene (2 ml), acryloyl chloride (TCI, 4 µl, 45 mg,.46 mmol) and pyridine (Alfa Aesar, distilled, 2 ml) were added and stirred for 2 min under 2 atmosphere. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (Si 2, toluene EtAc (1 : 1), Rf: cis, trans-1:.19, cis-2:.44, trans-2:.37). The reaction mixture was separated by silica gel column chromatography (Si 2 : 5g, developed with hexane, toluene-etac, eluted with toluene-etac (3 : 1)) to give a brown solid (cis- and trans-2, 3.3 mg), which was purified further by preparative TLC (toluene-etac(1:1)) to give cis-2 (2.4 mg,.24 mmol) and trans-2 (8.2 mg,.97 mmol) (total.34 mmol, yield = 79 %). cis-2: mp >26 ºC; IR (neat) 2969 cm -1, 2925, 2848, 1649, 169, 1415, 1376, 133, 1277, 1213, 1185, 199, 972; 1 H-MR (CDCl 3, 4 MHz) δ 7.1 (dd, J = 1.29, Hz, 1H, vinyl), 6.63 (dd, J = 16.74, 1.84 Hz, 1H, vinyl), 5.93 (dd, J = 1.29, 1.84 Hz, 1H, vinyl), 5.8 (br.q, J = 5.99, 2H, CH), 2.32 (d, J = 5.99, 6H, CH 3 ); 13 C-MR (CDCl 3, 1 MHz) δ (C=), 154.8, 152., 147.7, 146.6, 146.6, (3 peaks overlap), (2 peaks overlap), 145.8, 145.7, 145.6, 145.5, 144.8, 144.7, 143.4, 143., 142.9, 142.4, 142.4, (2 peaks overlap), 142.1, 142., 14.4, 14., 137., 135.9, 13.6 (vinyl), (vinyl), 74. (sp3 quaternary), 64.6 (CH), 2.2 (CH 3 ); MS (FAB, BA) m/z 846 ([M+H] + ); HR- MS (ESI) obs., calcd. for C 67 H 11 a. trans-2: mp >26ºC; IR (neat) 37 cm -1, 2967, 2925, 2851, 1666, 1614, 147, 1378, 1338, 1264, 1227, 1186, 1123, 972; 1 H-MR (CDCl 3, 4 MHz) δ 6.97 (dd, J = 1.3, 16.7 Hz, 1H, vinyl), 6.74 (dd, J = 16.7, 2. Hz, 1H, vinyl), 6.2 (q, J = 7.6, 2H, CH), 6. (dd, J = 1.3, 2. Hz, 1H, vinyl), 2.28 (d, J = 7.6, Hz 6H, CH 3 ); 13 C-MR (CDCl 3, 1 MHz) δ (C=), 155.8, 152.1, 147.7, 146.6, 146.5, 146.4, 146.3, 146.2, 145.8, (2 peaks overlap), 145.6, 145.5, 144.9, 144.8, 144.6, 143.5, 142.9, 142.9, 142.5, 142.4, (2 peaks overlap), 142.2, 141.8, 14.4, 14.2, 137.6, 134.5, 13.2 (vinyl), (vinyl), 73.6 (sp3 quaternary), 64.1 (CH), 24.7 (CH 3 ); MS (FAB, BA) m/z 846 ([M+H] + ) ; HR- MS (ESI) obs., calcd. for C 67 H 11 a. 2

3 Figure 1s. 1 H-MR spectra of monomer cis-2. Figure 2s. 13 C-MR spectra of monomer cis-2. 3

4 Figure 3s. IR spectra of monomer cis-2. Figure 4s. MS spectra of monomer cis-2. 4

5 Figure 5s. 1 H-MR spectra of monomer trans-2. Figure 6s. 13 C-MR spectra of monomer trans-2. 5

6 Figure 7s. IR spectra of monomer trans-2. Figure 8s. MS spectra of monomer trans-2. 6

7 * x y AIB dichlorobenzene 6 ºC 2 co-polymer 3 General procedure for the preparation of polymers 3a-g. To a solution of cis- and trans- 2 in dichlorobenzene (TCI), -vinylpyrrolidone (TCI) and azoisobutyronitrile (AIB, Aldrich) were added. Reaction mixture was degassed by freeze-pump-thaw (5 cycles) and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 6 ºC. ormally, the reaction mixture became solid during the reaction. The reaction mixture was reconstituted with a small amount of CHCl 3 and subsequently 2 ml of Et 2 was added to precipitate (two times) a brown substance, which was dried in a vacuum oven (6 ºC) to give a brown powder. Table Is. Reaction conditions and yields of copolymer preparations. copolymer feed ratio of 2 and VP 2 [mg] (mmol) feed amount of reagents VP [mg] (mmol) AIB [mg] (mmol) solvent [ml] time [hours] polymer obtained [mg] 3a 1:5 7.4 (.87) 49 (.44) 14 (.86) b 1: (.1) 83 (.75) 25 (.15) c 1:1 8.5 (.1) 111 (1.) 33 (.2) d 1: (.2) 333 (3.) 99 (.6) e 1: (.2) 447 (4.) 131 (.8) f 1:25 9. (.11) 296 (2.7) 88 (.53) g 1:3 6.4 (.76) 252 (2.3) 75 (.46) Yield [%] 7

8 * x y co-polymer 3 x : y = 1 : 2 Figure 9s. 1 H-MR spectra of copolymer 3e. Figure 1s. IR spectra of copolymer 3e. 8

9 GPC analysis of C 6 -VP co-polymers GPC analysis was performed by Waters 269 separation module and Waters 241 RI detector (Waters Co., MA) equipped with a Styragel column (Φ7.8x3 mm Waters, Co. MA). An aliquot of each C 6 -VP copolymer (6 mg), 2. ml of DMF with.1% of LiBr was added and was analyzed after filtration (Acrodisk,.45 µm, PTFE CR13 pall). Elution was carried out by DMF with.1% of LiBr. The calibration was carried out with standard polystyrenes with MW 947 Da 188 kda. DSC analysis of C 6 -VP co-polymers Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was carried out by DSC 292 (TA instrument, ew Castle, DE). An aliquot of each C 6 -VP copolymer (3-4 mg) was measured and analyzed. Temperature was raised from ºC to 21 ºC by the rate of 1 ºC / min, then cooled to -3 ºC by the rate of 5 ºC / min to determine glass transition temperature (T g ) of each copolymer. DLS analysis of C 6 -VP co-polymers Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis was carried out by BI-9AI digital correlator, BI- APD Avalanche photodiode (Brookhaven Instruments Ltd., Y) equipped with mw Hee laser with power module. An aliquot of each C 6 -VP copolymer was measured and water, DMS or DMF was added to prepare 1.25 mg/ml solution. After filtration (algene syringe filter.45 µm, o for aqueous solution and Alltech Polypure TM syringefilter.45 µm for DMS and DMF solution), the solution was analyzed. Table IIs. Characterization of C 6 -VP copolymers. Ratio of feed C 6 and VP 1:5 1:75 1:1 1:15 1:2 1:25 1:3 Mn by GPC [kda] Grass transition temperature by DSC [ºC] Diameter of polymer granule by DLS [nm] in H not soluble not soluble in DMS in DMF

10 asurement of solubility of C 6 -VP co-polymers To an aliquot of C 6 polymer, DI water was added to make 1 ml solution and treated by sonication for 2 min. The solution was filtered through a cotton-plugged filter and subsequently a membrane filter (Millex -GV, Millipore Co., MA) to remove the insoluble solid. The filtrate was diluted with DI water (1/1) to measure the absorbance at 3 nm. All the measurements were carried out for three times..2 1: : D 3.1 D C 6 -VP copolymer 3a added (µg in 1 ml of H 2 ) Figure 11s-a. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP copolymer (1:5) in water C 6 -VP copolymer 3b added (µg in 1 ml of H 2 ) Figure 11s-b. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP copolymer (1:75) in water. 3 1:1 4 1: D 3 1 D C 6 -VP copolymer 3c added (mg in 1 ml of H 2 ) Figure 11s-c. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP copolymer (1:1) in water C 6 -VP copolymer 3d added (mg in 1 ml of H 2 ) Figure 11s-d. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP copolymer (1:15) in water. 1

11 2.5 1: : D D C 6 -VP copolymer 3e added (mg in 1 ml of H 2 ) Figure 11s-e. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP copolymer (1:2) in water C 6 -VP copolymer 3f added (mg in 1 ml of H 2 ) Figure 11s-f. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP copolymer (1:25) in water :3 D C 6 -VP copolymer 3g added (mg in 1 ml of H 2 ) Figure 11s-g. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP copolymer (1:3) in water. Figure 9s. Solubility curves of C 6 -VP polymer in water. Table IIIs. Solubility of C 6 -VP copolymers in water. Ratio of feed C 6 and VP 1:5 1:75 1:1 1:15 1:2 1:25 1:3 Solubility (mg/ml) Concentration of C 6 (mm calculated as monomer) Concentration of PVP (%w/v)

12 Detection of superoxide radical anion from C 6 -VP co-polymer by BT method The generation of 2 from C 6 -VP co-polymer (1 : 2) was detected by BT (nitro blue tetrazolium) method as reported by agano and co-workers. 2 Assay was performed in 5 mm phosphate buffer (ph 6.5) in the presence of BT.24 mm, EDTA.1 mm, ADH 1 mm. For the time course measurement, solution with C 6 -VP copolymer 11.5 mg/ml (estimated concentration of C 6 as monomer:.5 mm) was incubated under or without photoirradiation using two 2-W photoreflector lamps with cm of distance through glass (35,-37, lux) in the ice bath (-5 ºC). As a reference, 1.1 % of PVP was used. An aliquot (2 µl) of each reactant was subsequently diluted with 5 mm phosphate buffer (18 µl) before measuring the absorbance at 56 nm..6 C6 (+), ADH (+), light (+) C6 (+), ADH (+), light (-).4 C6 (-), ADH (+), light (+) D time of irradiation (min) Figure 12s. Time course of photoinduced 2 generation by C 6 -VP copolymer in 5 mm phosphate buffer (ph 6.5). Irradiation: two 2-W photoreflector lamps (35, 37, lux) at -5ºC. In the presence of C 6 copolymer (11.5 mg/ml, 5 mm of C 6 ) and ADH (1 mm), under visible light irradiation ( ); in the presence of C 6 copolymer and ADH, without light irradiation ( ); without C 6 copolymer, with ADH, under light irradiation ( ). For the dose-dependent experiment, solutions with corresponding concentrations of C 6 -VP copolymer was prepared and incubated under same conditions of photoirradiation for 3 min. 2 Umezawa..; Arakane. K.; Kyu, A.; Mashiko, S.; Hirobe, M.; agano, T. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1997, 342,

13 Figure 13s. Dose-dependent effect of C 6 on 2 generation by C 6 -VP copolymer in 5 mm phosphate buffer (ph 6.5). Irradiation: : two 2-W photoreflector lamps (35, 37, lux) at - 5ºC for 3 min. 13

photoreflector lamp at a distance of 12-13 cm (6,-63, lux) at 37 ºC.

14 DA-cleaving test of C 6 -VP copolymers A super coiled plasmid DA (pbr322, 1 µg/ml, ew England Biolabs Inc., MA) was diluted with 1 M TDC buffer (ph 8.) to 1 µg/ml. The DA solution, C 6 -VP copolymer solutions and other reagent solutions (reductant) were mixed well in TDC buffer (Tris-HCl buffer with KCl and MgCl 2 ) and subjected to photoirradiation with a 2-W photoreflector lamp at a distance of cm (6,-63, lux) at 37 ºC. After irradiation, an aliquot (2 µl) of the irradiated solution was mixed with bromophenol blue-glycerol solution (5 µl) and subjected to the agarose gel electrophoresis (1 % agarose in Timiza base EDTA (TBE) buffer, 1 V, 7 min). The gel was stained with ethidium bromide and photographed on the transilluminator for analysis of the ratio of Form I (supercoiled) and Form II (nicked). Figure 14s. Photoinduced DA cleavage by water-soluble C 6 -VP copolymer (time dependency of visible light irradiation). The pbr322 supercoiled plasmid was incubated with 23 mg/ml (1 mm of C 6 estimated as monomer) of C 6 -VP copolymer (1 : 2) in TDC buffer in the presence of 1 mm of ADH at 37 ºC for, 1, 2 and 4 hours under irradiation with a 2-W photoreflector lamp. Lanes 1-8, in the presence of C 6 copolymer; lanes 9, 1, without C 6 copolymer; lanes 1-4 and 9, incubated under visible light irradiation; lanes 5-8 and 1, incubated without light irradiation; lanes 1 and 5, incubated for min; lanes 2 and 6, 1 h; lanes 3 and 7, 2h; lanes 4 and 8-1, 4 h. Figure 15s. Photoinduced DA cleavage by water-soluble C 6 -VP copolymer (concentration dependency of copolymer). The pbr322 supercoiled plasmid was incubated with, 5.75, 11.5 and 23 mg/ml of C 6 -VP copolymer (1 : 2) (,.25,.5 and 1 mm of C 6 estimated) in TDC buffer at 37 ºC for 2 hours under irradiation with two 2-W photoreflector lamps. Lanes 1-8, in the presence of C 6 copolymer; lanes 9, 1, without C 6 copolymer; lanes 1-4 and 9, incubated under visible light irradiation; lanes 5-8 and 1, incubated without light irradiation; lanes 1 and 5, in the absence of C 6 copolymer; lanes 2 and 6, 5.75 mg/ml of C 6 copolymer (C 6.25 mm); lanes 3 and 7, 11.5 mg/ml (.5 mm); lanes 4 and 8, 23 mg/ml (1 mm). 14

Supporting Information. Identification of N-(2-Phenoxyethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine- 3-carboxamides as New Anti-tuberculosis Agents

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