Process Management. Adapted from Chapter 3, Futrell

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1 Process Management Adapted from Chapter 3, Futrell

2 Presentation Outline Introduction to Process Management Implementing IEEE 1074 IEEE 1074 Framework Implement with Your Life Cycle Defining Your Project Life Cycles with IEEE 1074 Presenting your Project s Life Cycle

3 Objectives Understand the basics of process management and how it fits into the front end of the life cycle Understand how to apply IEEE 1074 and Apply 1074 and to evolve your project s life cycle

4 Presentation Outline Introduction to Process Management Implementing IEEE 1074 IEEE 1074 Framework Implement with Your Life Cycle Refining Project Life Cycles with IEEE 1074 Presenting your Project s Life Cycle

5 16 BEST PRACTICES Management and Technical Practices with High ROI in the Development and Sustainment of Large-Scale Software-Intensive Systems

6 SPMN SOFTWARE COUNCIL Victor Basili Grady Booch Norm Brown Peter Chen Christine Davis Tom DeMarco Mike Dyer Mike Evans Derek Hatley Bill Hetzel Capers Jones Tim Lister John Manzo Lou Mazzucchelli Tom McCabe Frank McGrath Roger Pressman Larry Putnam Howard Rubin Ed Yourdon

7 SPMN 16 Best Practices 1. Formal Risk Management 2. Empirical Cost and Schedule Estimation 3. Metrics-based Project Management 4. Earned Value Tracking 5. Defect Tracking Against Quality Targets 6. People-aware Program Management 7. Configuration Management 8. End-To-End Requirements Tracing 9. System-Architecture-Based Software Design 10. Data and Database Interoperability 11. Formal Definition and Control of Interfaces 12. Visible and Inspectable Design 13. Cost-Justified and Quality- Justified Reuse 14. Formal Inspections 15. Managing Tests As Assets 16. Frequent Compile and Smoke Testing

8 Process Management - Begins at the Front End Act Check Plan Do Requirements Design Implementation Test Installation and Checkout Shrewhart/Deming Cycle Operation and Maintenance

9 Process Management Defined Process Management is the discipline of defining, implementing and maintaining the work processes within an organization. The goal of Process Management is to create an environment for improving quality and productivity. A foundation of a successful Process Management system is a defined framework that fits the organization's objective and culture. Building a Process Management system is a progressive iterative task that requires a strategic commitment of the organization.

10 Why is Process Important? Fundamental process management premise: The quality of a product (e.g., a software system) is governed by the quality of the process used to produce it. PEOPLE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY Major determinants of software cost, schedule, and quality performance

11 Why is Quality Important? If 99.9% Were Good Enough 16,000 pieces of mail would be lost each hour. We would experience 1 hour of unsafe drinking water each month. 20,000 incorrect drug prescriptions would be filled each year. 22,000 checks would be deducted from the wrong bank accounts each hour. 50 newborn babies would be dropped at birth by their doctors every day. 500 incorrect surgical operations would be performed each week.

12 What is a Process? process n. a bounded set of interrelated activities that takes one or more kinds of inputs and creates outputs that are of value to the customer by means of one or more transformations Information + materials + energy Specified result Value of input Value of output is greater than Adapted from Quality Process Management, by Gabriel Pall, 1987

13 What is Process Management? A management paradigm for increasing quality through process measurement formal process definition feedback and control improvement optimization Evaluate Evaluate Define Define Measure Measure Use Use Continuous Process Improvement

14 Process Management Process Act Take appropriate action Determine goals and targets Determine methods of reaching goals Plan Check Check the effects of implementation Implement work Engage in education and training Do

15 Capability Versus Performance Process capability the range of expected results that can be achieved by following a process. A predictor of future project outcomes. Process performance a measure of the actual results achieved from following a process. Refers to a particular project in the organization.

16 Evolution of Process Capability Level Process Characteristics Predicted Performance Optimizing Performance continuously improves in Level 5 organizations Managed Based on quantitative understanding of process and product, performance continues to improve in Level 4 organizations Defined With well-defined processes, performance improves in Level 3 organizations Repeatable Plans based on past performance are more realistic in Level 2 organizations Initial Process improvement is institutionalized Product and process are quantitatively controlled Software engineering and management processes defined and integrated Project management system in place; performance is repeatable Process is informal and ad hoc; performance is unpredictable Probability Target N-z Probability Probability Probability Probability Time/$/... Time/$/... Time/$/... Time/$/... Time/$/... Target N-y Target N-x Target N Target N+a

17 Summary Process management is a management paradigm for achieving business goals by continuously improving process and product quality. Process management principles provide a foundation for the design of processes that are capable of continuous improvement to process and product. A management system oriented to process management is a prerequisite to successful deployment.

18 Presentation Outline Introduction to Process Management Implementing IEEE 1074 IEEE 1074 Framework Implement with Your Life Cycle Defining Your Project Life Cycles with IEEE 1074 Presenting your Project s Life Cycle

19 What is 1074? 6 Process Categories Software Life Cycle Model Process Project Management Processes Pre-Development Processes Development Processes Post-Development Processes Integral Processes 17 Processes in the categories 65 Activities in the processes

20 Processes PMP Pre-Dev Devel Post-dev Integral Where does 1074 fit? CMM Processes PM Pre-Dev Dev Post-Dev Integral Org SLCM Waterfall Phases Initiation Concept Def & Design Development Install & Oper Spiral-OO Spiral-OO Phases Phases Initiation Initiation Concept Concept Def & Design Development Install & Oper Def & Design Development Install & Oper Project s SLC s Project X Phases Initiation Modified Concept Additional Def & Design Development Install & Oper Project s SDP Software Development Plan

21 What 1074 is NOT Not a prescriptive, specific software life cycle model (SLCM) Does not exist without your organizations software life cycle (SLC) Does not presume to use any specific software development methodology Is not self limiting - add more stringent requirements at your desire

22 1074 Map Category Process I. Software life Cycle Model Process A. Software Life Cycle Model 1. Identify Candidate SLC Models 2. Select Project Model II. Project Management Processes A. Project Initiation 1. Map Activities to SLC Model 2. Allocate Project Information 3. Establish Project Environment 4. Plan Project Management B. Project Monitoring and Control 1. Analyze Risks 2. Perform Contingency Planning 3. Manage the Project 4. Retain Records 5. Implement Problem Reporting Method C. Software Quality Management 1. Plan Software Quality Management 2. Define Metrics 3. Manage Software Quality 4. Identify Quality Improvement Needs III. Pre-Development Processes A. Concept Exploration 1. Identify Ideas or Needs 2. Formulate Potential Approaches 3. Conduct Feasibility Studies 4. Plan System Transition 5. Refine and Finalize the Idea or Need B. System Allocation 1. Analyze Functions 2. Develop System Architecture 3. Decompose System Requirements IV. Development Processes A. Requirements 1. Define and Develop Software Requirements 2. Define Interface Requirements 3. Prioritize and Integrate Software Requirements B. Design 1. Perform Architecture Design 2. Design Data Base 3. Design Interfaces 4. Select or Develop Algorithms 5. Perform Detailed Design C. Implementation 1. Create Test Data 2. Create Source 3. Generate Object Code 4. Create Operating Documentation 5. Plan Integration 6. Perform Integration V. Post-Development Processes A. Installation 1. Plan Installation 2. Distribute Software 3. Install Software 4. Accept Software in Operational Environment B. Operation and Support 1. Operate the System 2. Provide Technical Assistance and Consulting 3. Maintain Support Request Log C. Maintenance 1. Reapply Software Life Cycle D. Retirement 1. Notify User 2. Conduct Parallel Operations 3. Retire System VI. Integral Processes A. Verification and Validation 1. Plan V&V 2. Execute V&V Tasks 3. Collect and Analyze Metric Data 4. Plan Testing 5. Develop Test Requirements 6. Execute the Tests B. Software Configuration Management 1. Plan Configuration Management

23 How to use is a step by step guide to implementation 1. Select the SLCM 2. Compare activities to SLCM requirements 3. Placing the activities in time sequence 4. Checking information flow 5. Assigning information to documents 6. Add actual dates and times 7. Reconcile the constraints 8. Maintain the schedule and the SLC

24 How to use 1074 Step 1. Select the SLCM Requirements Design Implementation Test Installation and Checkout Operation and Maintenance Inputs and Test Do Until Done Outputs

25 How to use 1074 Step 2. Compare activities to SLCM requirements 1074 Activities Life Cycle Phases Category Process Require Design Code Test Implrm I. Software life Cycle Model Process A. Software Life Cycle Model 1. Identify Candidate SLC Models II. Project Management Processes 2. Select Project Model A. Project Initiation 1. Map Activities to SLC Model B. Project Monitoring and Control C. Software Quality Management 2. Allocate Project Information 3. Establish Project Environment 4. Plan Project Management 1. Analyze Risks 2. Perform Contingency Planning 3. Manage the Project 4. Retain Records 5. Implement Problem Reporting Method 1. Plan Software Quality Management 2. Define Metrics 3. Manage Software Quality 4. Identify Quality Improvement Needs Requirements Design Implementation Test Installation and Checkout Operation and Maintenance

26 How to use 1074 Step 3. Placing the activities in time sequence Life Cycle Phases Category Process Require ments Design Code Test I. Software life Cycle Model A. Software Life Cycle Process Model 1. Identify Candidate SLC Models 1-Jan II. Project Management B. Project Monitoring Processes and Control 1. Analyze Risks 15-Jan II. Project Management B. Project Monitoring Processes and Control 2. Perform Contingency Planning 21-Jan I. Software life Cycle Model A. Software Life Cycle Process Model 2. Select Project Model 1-Feb II. Project Management C. Softw are Quality 1. Plan Softw are Quality Processes Management Management 1-Mar II. Project Management C. Softw are Quality Processes Management 2. Define Metrics 15-Mar II. Project Management Processes A. Project Initiation 4. Plan Project Management 15-Apr II. Project Management Processes A. Project Initiation 3. Establish Project Environment 30-Apr II. Project Management B. Project Monitoring 5. Implement Problem Reporting Processes and Control Method 30-Apr II. Project Management Processes A. Project Initiation 1. Map Activities to SLC Model 1-May II. Project Management Processes A. Project Initiation 2. Allocate Project Information 1-Jun II. Project Management C. Softw are Quality 4. Identify Quality Improvement Processes Management Needs 15-Jul II. Project Management B. Project Monitoring Processes and Control 3. Manage the Project II. Project Management B. Project Monitoring Processes and Control 4. Retain Records II. Project Management C. Softw are Quality Processes Management 3. Manage Software Quality Implem ent

27 How to use 1074 Step 4. Checking information flow Methodologies Standards Tools Software Library Purchased Software Contract Requirements Analysis of Risks Software Life Cycle Defined Metrics Collection and Analysis Methods Resource Allocations Statement of Need Establish Project Environment II.A.3 Project Environment IEEE 1074, page 15

28 How to use 1074 Step 5. Assigning information to documents The ultimate deliverable end point Step 6. Add actual dates and times Step 7. Reconcile the constraints Step 8. Maintain the schedule and the SLC

29 Does 1074 Work? This is one of the most valuable tools you can learn! Choosing your own life cycle is critical to cycle time reduction and continuous process improvement. Is it really used?

30 Customized Development Process(1) Process Steps Process Gates Prototypes Requirements Definition High Level Design Detail Design System Construction System V&V Requirements Review HL Design Review Detail Design Review Construction Review Prototype Version 1 Prototype Version 3 Prototype Version 2 System Delivery V&V Review Delivery Review Project Acceptance Review Risk Reduction Project Management Support Processes Planning Estimating Metrics Training CM Quality

31 Customized Development Process(2)

34 Customized Process Management Process Plan Risk Reduction Improve Research Planning Risk Analysis ROI Analysis Management Plan Project Plans Databases Estimating Specifications Quality Needs Assessment Observe Adapt Training Configuration Management Analyze

35 Presentation Outline Introduction to Process Management Implementing IEEE 1074 IEEE 1074 Framework Implement with Your Life Cycle Defining Your Project Life Cycles with IEEE 1074 Presenting your Project s Life Cycle

36 Process Eliminates the Fuzzy Front End Plan Adapt Improve Quality Management Plan Risk Databases Analysis ROI Analysis Configuration Management Risk Reduction Project Plans Planning Specifications Needs Assessment Training Estimating Research Observe Concept Definition Candidate Architecture Identification Market and System Requirements Analyze

Pertemuan 2. Software Engineering: The Process

Pertemuan 2. Software Engineering: The Process Pertemuan 2 Software Engineering: The Process Collect Your Project Topic What is Software Engineering? Software engineering is the establishment and sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically