Chapter 1 The Basics. Interorganizational. Business Process Management. Intra-Organizational BPM Inter-Organizational BPM. Chapter 1: The Basics

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1 Interorganizational Business Process Management Paul Grefen IS/IE&IS/TUE Overview Chapter 1: The Basics Intra- and Inter-organizational processes Chapter 2: The Concepts Framework, ingredients (CF, Tx, QoS, Dyn) Chapter 3: The Technologies SOC, extension, architecture Chapter 4: Further On Project, developments, conclusion #1 - PG 09 #2 - PG 09 Chapter 1 The Basics Intra-Organizational BPM Inter-Organizational BPM Intra-Organizational Business Process Management The Bare Basics #3 - PG 09 #4 - PG 09 Workflow Management M = Information Logistics Getting the right information (documents) at the right time to the right person Emphasis on structure of work processes (workflows) not on contents of work activities (biz functions) M ~ BPM #5 - PG 09 #6 - PG 09 1

2 Workflow Management Aspects Routing of information/documents Allocation of tasks to actors Scheduling of tasks in time Scheduling of scarce resources Monitoring flow of work Handling exceptional situations Providing management information select accomm. select calculate costs accomm. STOP START book acknowl. documents documents Example : GTI check payment reminder #7 - PG 09 #8 - PG 09 M Concepts (Summarized) workflow c.o. M Concepts role seq. workflow element c.o. dyn. stat. role connector activity subflow agent activity uses info element sup. dyn. agent stat. uses organiz. process info actor c.o. group link information element c.o. repl. form document dossier #9 - PG 09 #10 - PG 09 Process specification techniques data flow based? Intra-Organizational Business Process Management Specifying Processes token based? event based? document based? communication based? #11 - PG 09 #12 - PG 09 2

3 1 sell GTI process in DFD 1 2 select accomm. select GTI process in Petri Net Client 2 book A Bookings 4 handle docum. 3 handle B Invoices 5 process payment Client ackn. book calc. costs acc. 8 9 docs docs. chk pay a 5b prep. remind. #13 - PG 09 #14 - PG 09 select accomm. select. calc. costs GTI process in UML Activity Diagram acknowl. book GTI process in Document Transformation Chart accomm. form dossier form OK? [CHANGE] [YES] [NO] accomm. documents check payment reminder ackn. letter customer documents [NO] OK? [YES] travel docs payment reminder #15 - PG 09 #16 - PG 09 select accom. sell book ackn. GTI process in Business Process Map select transp. calc. costs new Choice depends on nature of business process level of detail intended audience Combination of techniques for different abstraction levels different aspects Consistency with BPMS environment independent ing tools BPMS-specific tools and details The perfect choice #17 - PG 09 #18 - PG 09 3

4 Inter-Organizational Business Process Management The Background IBPM Intra-organizational BPM uses automated support for business process management within organization boundaries Inter-organizational BPM (IBPM) uses automated support for business processes management across organization boundaries e.g. for ebusiness Both forms can be coupled or integrated to get complete process support in virtual organizations #19 - PG 09 #20 - PG 09 Increasing Relevance of IBPM Concentration on core business competence Dynamic business process outsourcing Asymmetric (business level client/server) Horizontal and vertical markets E.g. financial and logistics markets (XF) Combination of highly specialized functions Dynamic cooperative business networks Symmetric (peer-to-peer business level) Usually vertical markets E.g. automotive and construction markets (XW) Efficiency Setup of integration Enactment of integrated process Effectiveness Functional complete Interoperable in market Flexibility Adapted to dynamic market Fit for evolving requirements Supporting IBPM #21 - PG 09 #22 - PG 09 Interorganizational business process An interorganizational business process is a business process enacted by two or more autonomous organizations, of which at least one organization exposes the explicit control flow structure of a non-trivial process to the other organization(s). select accomm. select calculate costs accomm. START book acknowl. documents documents STOP Example IBP START check payment reminder STOP #23 - PG 09 #24 - PG 09 4

5 organiz. agent agent perfs perfs process activity activity uses uses IBPM Concepts info info element info element Distribution distributed process definition distributed process enactment Heterogeneity different process/data standards different software/hardware platforms Autonomy local decisions w.r.t. workflow enactment IBPM Aspects (1) organiz. process info #25 - PG 09 #26 - PG 09 Encapsulation (abstraction) hiding of private details (competition) hiding of uninteresting details (service) Standardization process structures data structures interaction protocols abstraction for right level bilateral or market segments IBPM Aspects (2) Chapter 2 The Concepts Three-Layer Framework IO Control Flow IO Tx and QoS Dynamism #27 - PG 09 #28 - PG 09 Three-Level Framework External Process project Conceptual Process map Internal Process Process Initiator project Conceptual Process map Internal Process Process Responder XO Control Flow Ingredient Number 1 #29 - PG 09 #30 - PG 09 5

6 Control flow interface levels Black box Initiator sees no details of repsonder Glass box Initiator sees details of responder Half-open box Initiator can control details of responder Open box Initiator is controlled by responder Black Box Process #31 - PG 09 #32 - PG 09 Glass Box Process Half-Open Box Process #33 - PG 09 #34 - PG 09 Open Box Process XO Tx and QoS Ingredients Number 2 and 3 #35 - PG 09 #36 - PG 09 6

7 Transactional processes Three-level multi-level Tx E.g. WIDE Tx, XTC BTF Long-running, multi-phase processes multi-phase Tx E.g. XTC BTF Business process structure and semantics flexible Tx semantics E.g. atomicity criteria, XTC ATC c c c c c c a Tx Example c #37 - PG 09 #38 - PG 09 QoS dimensions: Execution times Reaction/wait times Availability of resources Quality/precision of results Electronic contracting Contract structure Contract specification language Organizational and legal embedding QoS Agreements Dynamism Ingredient Number 4 #39 - PG 09 #40 - PG 09 A B D C E F G Initiator Service Broker Dynamic partner selection D+ D+ D+ E+ E+ E+ Responder Dynamic IBPM (DIBPM) A dynamic interorganizational business process is an interorganizational business process that is formed dynamically by the (automatic) integration of the subprocesses of the involved organizations. Here dynamically means that during process enactment, collaborator organizations are found by searching business process market places and the subprocesses are integrated with the running processes. #41 - PG 09 #42 - PG 09 7

8 Service consumer: telecom company Service provider: logistics company Outsourced service: delivery of mobile phones Logistics application Chapter 3 The Technologies CrossFlow Technology SOC Technology BPWS Model Architecture Blueprint #43 - PG 09 #44 - PG 09 MS as Infrastructure Process Definition Tools MS Architecture (1) IF1 AS AS AS 1 AS AS AS 2 MS MS DBMS DBMS AS AS AS 3 AS AS AS 4 Administration & Mngmnt Tools IF5 API & Interchange Formats Workflow Engine(s) Enactment Service IF2 Workflow Client Applications IF3 Invoked Applications IF4 Workflow Engine(s) Other Enactment Service(s) #45 - PG 09 #46 - PG 09 CrossFlow Architecture (Phase 1: EC) Service Trader CrossFlow Technology Cross Flow Contract Mngr Contract Contract Mngr An Early Prototype MS MS #47 - PG 09 #48 - PG 09 8

9 CrossFlow Architecture (Phase 2: Setup) CrossFlow Architecture (Phase 2: Setup) Contract Mngr Config Mngr Contract Config Mngr Contract Mngr Config Mngr Coor PG PG QoS, LoC, FCC, other extensions Coor Config Mngr MS MS MS MS #49 - PG 09 #50 - PG 09 CrossFlow Architecture (Phase 3: M) CrossFlow Architecture (Phase 4: Completed) PG PG Coor Coor MS MS MS MS #51 - PG 09 #52 - PG 09 SOC Technology What is Out There? SOC Technology Communication: HTTP, SOAP Service specufication: WSDL Control flow specification (orchestration): BPEL Coordination, Transaction & QoS WS-C, WS-T & WS-A Brokering (dynamism): UDDI #53 - PG 09 #54 - PG 09 9

10 WS-T Web Services Stack WS-Security WS-Agreement UDDI WS-C BPEL WSDL SOAP XML HTTP #55 - PG 09 #56 - PG 09 Platform: HTTP, SOAP, WSDL Control flow: BPEL Transaction: WS-C, WS-T Quality of Service: WS-A (+ WSDL, JSDL, WSLA) Dynamism (brokering): UDDI, OWL-S SOC Technology BPWS An Approch to SOC4DIBPM #57 - PG 09 #58 - PG 09 BP-WS-B Architecture BP-WS-G Architecture BP-WS/B BP-WS/G BPEL+ SPEC SPEC BPEL+ SPEC ACT ACT BP Engine BP Engine MON #59 - PG 09 #60 - PG 09 10

11 BP-WS-H Architecture BP-WS-O Architecture BP-WS/H BP-WS/O SPEC BPEL+ SPEC SPEC BPEL+ SPEC ACT ACT CTRL BP Engine CTRL BP Engine MON MON SYNC SYNC ACTS #61 - PG 09 #62 - PG 09 Name-based Très, très simple Attribute-based Predefined attributes (matching space) Name (of course), QoS, Tx Semantics-based Meaning of services (OWL-S) Structure-based Process matching Brokering aspects i1 i2 i3 r1 r2 r3 Process Matching i1 i2 i3 r4 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 #63 - PG 09 #64 - PG 09 An Architecture Blueprint Getting More Practical (at least a bit) #65 - PG 09 #66 - PG 09 11

12 Three-Level Framework Revisited Integration Architecture External Process project project PS EPS DIBPM broker collaborator Conceptual Process map Conceptual Process map Process Designer CS Converter MS Mapper Internal Process Internal Process IS IPS M Process Initiator Process Responder #67 - PG 09 #68 - PG 09 DIBPC PS broker PBI Contractor collaborator EPS BP-WSI EP EP Engine DIBPM Module Architecture TX QoS DIBPE DIBPM Chapter 4 Further On Example Project: CrossWork Current Develoments Conclusions #69 - PG 09 #70 - PG 09 An Example Project in DIBPM #71 - PG 09 #72 - PG 09 12

13 Automotive supply pyramid (2) NoAE OEM 1 st Tier Suppliers 2 nd Tier Suppliers #73 - PG 09 #74 - PG 09 Prod. Spec. The start NoAE XW OEM Design/ Production #75 - PG 09 #76 - PG 09 external level conceptual & internal levels What Who CrossWork Abstracted Architecture How With Goal Decomp. Team CrossWork Architecture (1) Global Compos. Local Legacy Integrat. #77 - PG 09 #78 - PG 09 13

14 Goal Decomp. CrossWork Architecture (2) Goal Decomp. UI UI CrossWork Architecture (3) Monitor. UI UI UI UI Team Compos. Global Team Compos. Global Verificat. Prototyp. Local Verificat. Prototyp. Local Legacy Integrat. Legacy Integrat. #79 - PG 09 #80 - PG 09 Prod. Goal Decomp. UI UI CrossWork Architecture (4) Monitor. UI UI UI UI Prod. Goal Decomp. UI UI CrossWork Architecture (5) Monitor. UI UI UI UI Market Team Compos. Global Market Team Compos. Global Infra Pattern Verificat. Prototyp. Local Infra Pattern Verificat. Prototyp. Local Legacy Integrat. Legacy Integrat. #81 - PG 09 #82 - PG 09 Current Developments and Conclusion Let s be Brief and Clear Current Developments in IOBPM Integration of slightly separated worlds: (cross-organizational) workflow management service-oriented computing Attention for advanced aspects: (cross-organizational) transaction management quality of service management service level agreements, contracts process matching semantic brokering (ontology engineering) Application in advanced (hard) domains #83 - PG 09 #84 - PG 09 14

15 Conclusion (D)IBPM essential for efficient process management in (dynamic) e-business Necessary concepts currently being developed based on M but not yet standardized Standard technology currently based on Service Oriented Computing Other technology may be embedded, e.g., agent technology, semantic technology Link to legacy information systems important but difficult (interfaces, wrappers) Process specification and management not nearly as well standardized as data management #85 - PG 09 15