Study of Lightweight Concrete with Sidoarjo Calcined Mud, Kenaf and Aluminum Powder as Chemical Aerating

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1 The Second International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure and Built Environment Bandung November 2013 ISBN Study of Lightweight Concrete with Sidoarjo Calcined Mud, Kenaf and Aluminum Powder as Chemical Aerating M Lutfi MANFALUTHY 1, Januarti Jaya EKAPUTRI 2 & TRIWULAN 3 1 Civil Engineering Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya lmanfaluthy@gmail.com 2 Civil Engineering Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya januarti@ce.its.ac.id 3 Civil Engineering Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya triwulan@ce.its.ac.id Abstract. Lightweight concrete has a density 1800 kg/m 3, which more lighter than commonly concrete. It made by lightweight aggregates, Portland cement type I and also chemical aerating which produce pores inside concrete, it can reduce the weight became lighter. In order to get the best materials composition, materials used in this study are Sidoarjo calcined mud which calcined in C of temperature in 2 hours, portland cement type I, aluminum powder as chemical aerating and kenaf which taken in Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat in Batu Malang. Based on analysis is have been done, the optimum composition is a mortar with percentage of sidoarjo calcined mud and portland cement are 50% : 50%, using aluminum powder 1,00% and 0,2% of kenaf. With compression strength 2,05 MPa and density 690,8 kg/m 3. Keywords: lightweight concrete, sidoarjo calcined mud, aluminum powder and kenaf. Introduction Lightweight concrete innovation is now slowly developed significantly so that it can be applied to infrastructure development in Indonesia. If these innovations can be developed and successfully applied to the multi-storey building, the building is expected to receive a load more efficient. Currently the building blocks of lightweight concrete are materials that come from nature are also limited in number. As well as quartz sand, lime, cement and other aggregates that have been categorized as a lightweight concrete constituent materials. Because of the limited number of these, it is necessary to look for another alternative constituent materials. In this study will be used new resources which

2 166 M.L. MANFALUTHY, J.J. EKAPUTRI & TRIWULAN are abundant in the area around Surabaya, the use of the Fuel Lumpur Lapindo mudflow. In light of the research that has been done before, that is not including waste Lumpur Lapindo mudflow so use as building materials are safe for health [1]. Availability Lumpur Sidoarjo is still very abundant and yet many people who use it for concrete materials. So use Lumpur Sidoarjo as raw material for lightweight concrete is a promising prospect in the industry in the future. But for lightweight concrete composition to do other aggregate additions such as the addition of aluminum powder form to concrete can be much lighter weight, and the addition of natural fibers to reinforce the concrete. The addition of aluminum powder material is used to help aerating process of pasta dough ingredients [2] so as to provide a cavity in the pasta dough in the air and bind it. While kenaf fiber material used to increase the tensile strength of concrete, making it a strong union. Research Description Sidoarjo Calcined Mud Fuel sludge used in this study is the Sidoarjo calcined mud. However, when shooting in the field of mud, silt existing conditions not dried mud that is ready to use or ready to be burned, but in the semi-arid conditions. Thus need special treatment before the mud is ready to be burned. Natural Fibers (Kenaf) The basic idea of the use of natural fibers in this study, namely to debone existing concrete so as to protect it from cracking. Used natural fiber extracted from the Research Center of Tobacco and Fiber Crops in Batu East Java. Manufacturing of Normal Pasta (PNx) In this study, the specimen of normal pasta are encoding with PNx, where x addendums percentage use of cement in the binder. Binder composition used in normal pasta (PNx) is only using 2 materials are, Sidoarjo Calcined Mud and Portland Cement Type I. With varied percentage of the cement and calcined mud use. Normal pasta binder specimens used in this study are to limit the use of cement percentage of at least 5% and at most 50% of cement. Water use are used according to the results of tests on the normal consistency of each mix. Compressive Strength analysis was then performed on normal pasta (PNx) for ages 7, 14 and 28 days.

3 Study of Lightweight Concrete with Sidoarjo Calcined Mud, Kenaf and 167 Aluminum Powder as Chemical Aerating Manufacturing of Lightweight Pasta (PRx-y) In this study, the specimen of lightweight pasta are encoding with PRx-y, where x addendums percentage use of cement and y addendums percentage use of aluminum powder in the binder. Lightweight pasta mixture composition (PRxy) taken from normal pasta mixture composition (PNx) with a variety of series. This is done to determine how the behavior of cement when added with the addition of several variations of aluminum powder. The use of aluminum powder was varied into 3 series, are 0.5%; 0.75% and 1.00% of aluminum powder. Use of water to mix the lightweight pasta dough PRx-y in this study retained 50% of the total weight of the binder. The test specimen light pasta (PRx-y) Compressive Strength tests performed at the age of 7 days. Manufacturing of Lightweight Mortar (Mx-y-z) In this study, the specimen of lightweight mortar are encoding with Mx-y-z, where x addendums percentage use of cement, y addendums percentage use of aluminum powder and z addendums percentage use of kenaf fiber in the binder. Lightweight mortar mix in this study did not use sand, but by using a mixture of Sidoarjo calcined mud, cement and natural fibers and chemical aerating materials such as aluminum powder. Lightweight mortar composition (Mx-y-z) is used to refer from the specimen of lightweight pasta (PRx-y) with the lightest heavy volume with the highest compressive strength. In this case the specimen of lightweight pasta used for lightweight mortar is PR 50-1, which is with a percentage of 50% portland cement, 50% calcined mud and 1% aluminum powder. Water usage in light mortar (Mx-y-z) on the use of water in the same light pasta (PRx-y), as many as 50% of the total weight of the binder. Then analyzed on a light mortar specimens (Mx-y-z) is Compressive Strength test at the age of 7 days. Analysis From the results of tests carried out on specimens and compared with ASTM C , if the resulting test specimen meets the requirements of a concrete brick wall. Results and Discussion Data and Analysis of Normal Pasta (PNx) Water use in the mix.

4 168 M.L. MANFALUTHY, J.J. EKAPUTRI & TRIWULAN Use of water obtained from normal consistency test is performed on each of the various mixtures, can be seen in the graph below. Figure 1 Normal consistency graph of normal pasta (PNx) In Figure 1. indicates that the water needs required in normal pasta mixture increasing as the number of sludge needs fuel that is used in normal pasta mixture (PNx). Compressive strength test results of normal pasta (PNx). Compressive strength tests performed in this study, is given to a 6 specimen of each variation of binder with age 7, 14, and 28 days. The Results of compressive strength tests can be seen in the following graph.

5 Study of Lightweight Concrete with Sidoarjo Calcined Mud, Kenaf and 169 Aluminum Powder as Chemical Aerating Figure 2 Compressive strength test result graph of normal pasta On Figure 2. compressive strength can be seen in normal pasta (PNx) is generated, and concluded that the increased use of cement in the mixture of normal pasta (PNx) will increase the compressive strength. Also to the aging of normal pasta (PNx), the older the age of the pasta mixture will result in a higher compressive strength than the mix of pasta at a young age. Data and Analysis of Lightweight Pasta (PRx-y) Compressive strenght test results of lightweight pasta (PRx-y). Compressive strength tests conducted on specimens 3 pieces on each variation of binder at the age of 7 days. After the lightweight pasta (PRx-y) compressive strength testing, lightweight pasta (PRx-y) mixture taken 1 of the most optimum for use as a lightweight mortar mix Mx-y-z with added variations amount of natural fibers. Results of compressive strength tests can be seen from the following graph.

6 Compressive Strenght (MPa) 170 M.L. MANFALUTHY, J.J. EKAPUTRI & TRIWULAN 2,30 2,10 1,90 1,70 1,50 1,30 1,10 0,90 0,70 0, Cementitious (%) Foaming Agent I Foaming Agent II Foaming Agent III Figure 3 Compressive strenght test results graph of lightweight pasta Can be seen in Figure 3. Based on the addition of foaming agent such as aluminum powder then generated the compressive strength by a mixture of lightweight pasta (PRx-y) gets smaller, it is caused by the addition of aluminum powder that too many will produce a lot of air cavities in the lightweight pasta mixture. Thus, the more pore are generated in a mixture will also lower compressive strength of pasta. Data and Analysis of Lightweight Mortar (Mx-y-z) Compressive strenght test results of lightweight mortar (Mx-y-z). Compressive strength tests conducted on specimens 3 pieces on each variation of binder of lightweight mortar at the age of 7 days. After being crushed compressive strength test, the most optimum mixture of lightweight mortar (Mx-y-z) taken to be analyzed by ASTM C Results of compressive strength tests can be seen in the following chart.

7 Study of Lightweight Concrete with Sidoarjo Calcined Mud, Kenaf and 171 Aluminum Powder as Chemical Aerating Figure 4 Relationship of volume weight and compressive strenght of lightweight mortar (Mx-y-z) In Figure 4. Seen that by adding kenaf fiber in the mortar mixture will add compressive strength of mortar mixture, but if the kenaf fiber is used too much it will lower the compressive strength of the mortar. This is because the use of fiber is too much, but the binder for mortar mix very few in number, so the possibility can not bind the aggregate binder to be a perfect mixture, and because of the mud particles that do not come attached to the surface aggregates react causing the binding binder and aggregate to be imperfect [3]. Conformity of Lightweight Mortar (Mx-y-z) with ASTM C According to ASTM C AAC [4], the resulting classifications lightweight concrete has a minimum compressive strength of 4 MPa with a specific gravity in the range of numbers Kg/m3. Highest compressive strength of lightweight mortar generated in this study was only 2.05 MPa with a density of 691 Kg/m3. So that the resulting lightweight mortar do not meet the requirements that have been hinted at by the ASTM.

8 172 M.L. MANFALUTHY, J.J. EKAPUTRI & TRIWULAN Research Conclusions From the research that has been done can be taken several conclusions, among others: 1. For normal pasta (PNx) showed maximum compressive strength, amount to 39.90MPa. 2. For lightweight pasta (PRx-y) obtained the maximum yield of 2.19 MPa. 3. For lightweight mortar Mx-y-z obtained at 2.05 MPa maximum results. 4. Taken requirements of ASTM C AAC, lightweight concrete studies that have been done at the age of 7 days not meet existing standards. References [1] Lasino dkk, Penelitian pemanfaatan lumpur sidoarjo untuk bata merah dan genteng. Puslitbang pemukiman : bandung (2007) [2] Aroni dkk, Autoclave aerated concrete, properties testing and design, RILEM technical commites (1992) [3] Ekaputri, Januarti Jaya dan Triwulan, Study on Porong Mud Based Geopolimer Concrete : 8 (2006) [4] ASTM C [5] Manfaluthy, M Lutfi, Study of Fiber Lightweight Concrete with Sidoarjo Burned Mud, Kenaf and Aluminum Powder as Foaming Agent : surabaya (2012)