Seismic Behavior of Steel. Keith Palmer
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1 Seismic Behavior of Steel Keith Palmer Concentrically Braced Frame Systems
2 State Of The Practice t ti CBF Design AISC Seismic Provisions AISC Steel Const. Manual Based on component research Not based on system behavior
3 Points C & D brace fracture Points G & H column fracture (Uriz and Mahin 2008)
4 NEES CBF Research hprogram NEESR SG International Hybrid Simulation of Tomorrow s Braced Frame Systems C. Roeder, D. Lehman, University of Washington S. Mahin, University of California Berkeley K.C. Tsai, National Taiwan University C. Shield, University of Minnesota T. Okazaki, Hokkaido University
5
6 NEES CBF Research houtcome (a) 2t linear offset - Current practice (b) 8t elliptical offset - Proposed Elliptical offset thinner, more compact gusset plate design
7 Current t& Future Work Motivation 3D effects not completely understood Loading and deformation perpendicular to CBF Effect of concrete floor system Limited studies of center connection for Single story X configuration System behavior of pin ended, collar type BRB withtypical typical detailing not clear
8
9 3D CBF System Tests 1 st Test Frame: SCBF HSS buckling braces Single-story X-config config.
10 3D CBF System Tests 2 nd Test Frame: BRBF Star Seismic BRBs Single diagonal config. Pinned ends
11 MAST Laboratory
12 Loading protocol 3D CBF System Tests Bi-directional Cyclic Displacement controlled
13 3D CBF System Tests Cyclic Loading Protocol Sto ory Drift Ratio (rads) y Drift at initial brace buckling (SCBF) ~ 0.3% y Drift at initial BRB yielding (BRBF) ~ 0.33% 2@0.75 y 2@1.25 y 2@1.75 y 2@2.5 y 2@3.0 y 6@0.5 y 6@1.0 y 2@1.5 y 2@2.0 y 2@3.0 y Note: complete protocol not shown (continued in increments of y after 3.0 y
14 Instrumentation 3D CBF System Tests Strain gauges (~220) LVDTs (~74) String potentiometers (~41) Metris Krypton
15 First brace to buckle (~0.3% ISDR) SCBF Test Highlights
16 SCBF Test Highlights Mode 2 brace buckling 1.3% ISDR Unsymmetrical brace buckling 2.1% ISDR
17 SCBF Test Highlights
18 3D CBF System Tests Gusset yield lines (+2% ISDR)
19 3D CBF System Tests
20 Brace Fracture 2.0% ISDR Current twork
21 SCBF Test Highlights Second Story Y-dir Story Shear (kn) vs. SDR (rads x 100) Y X First Story Y-dir Story Shear (kn) vs. SDR (rads x 100)
22 2 nd story brace yielding (~0.3% ISDR)
23 3D CBF System Tests
24 BRBF Test Highlights Gusset plate weld tear 3.1% ISDR Column flange Beam flange
25 3D CBF System Tests
26 BRBF Test Highlights Column flange local buckling 3.2% ISDR
27 3D CBF System Tests
28 Column web and flange tearing 4% ISDR BRBF Test Highlights
29
30 Beam web yielding and tearing, flange tearing 36%ISDR 3.6% Gusset plate
31 Beam web yielding and tearing, flange tearing 36%ISDR 3.6%
32 BRBF Test Highlights Second Story Y-dir Story Shear (kn) vs. SDR (rads x 100) X Y Second Story X-dir Story Shear (kn) vs. SDR (rads x 100)
33 Summary (SCBF) Out-of-plane frame deformation appears to have had little to no effect on SCBF frame deformation capacity and strength XBF deformation capacities the same as those achieved in planar tests t at UW with similar il frame 8t elliptical offset method accommodated large inelastic rotations after brace buckling Gusset edge deformation caused by frame action no apparent effect on global performance
34 Summary (BRBF) Out-of-plane frame deformation appears to have had little to no effect on frame deformation capacity and strength Frame action had dominating effect on gusset interface weld demands Considerable damage to frame occurred before and after brace fracture The BRB cores fractured at 3.5 and 4% story drift No instabilities occurred in the BRB prior to fracture Different behavior than BRBF tests at UW and UCB UW, UCB drifts prior to BRB instability ~ 2 to 2.5%
35 Ak Acknowledgements ld National Science Foundation (NSF) Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
36 Ak Acknowledgements ld MAST Laboratory Professor Carol Shield, Director Paul Bergson, Operations Manager Drew J. Daugherty, IT Rachel Gaulke, Instrumentation Engineer Angela Kingsley, Floor Manager Mitch Reierson, IT
37 Questions?
38 Buckling Restrained i dbraced dframes
39 Buckling Restrained i dbraces A A A Casing Steel jacket Mortar Section A-A Steel Core Gap and Debonding material
40 Hysteretic ti Comparison Conventional Buckling Brace Black et. al (1980) Buckling Restrained Brace Black et. al (2002)
41 NEES CBF Research houtcome Balanced Design Procedure Brace Brace Connection Beam/Column Brace Buckling Yielding Yielding Yielding Fracture Ensure that adequate ductility capacity is provided Unwanted failure limit states are suppressed
42 SCBF Test Highlights
43 Gusset plate tear 1.7% ISDR 3D CBF System Tests
44 3D CBF System Tests
45 BRBF Test Highlights Initial Gusset Yielding ~ 1.6% ISDR
46 SCBF Test Highlights
47 3D CBF System Tests Base gusset yield pattern
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