Simulation the Comparison of Thermal Comfort Levels for Two Traditional Javanese Houses in Yogyakarta

Transcription

1 Simulation the Comparison of Thermal Comfort Levels for Two Traditional Javanese Houses in Yogyakarta Tri Yuni Iswati 1 1 Faculty of Engineering, University of Sebelas Maret, yuni_iswati@yahoo.com Traditional house is the ideal house according to the needs of a humid tropics climate like in Indonesia. But today many traditional houses was demolished for many reasons. This research attempts to make a simulation to see the thermal comfort of the two traditional houses in Kotagede with the different morphology house. The houses that observed are Dul Muin s house and Samsuri s house. The consideration for thermal analysis is the roofing, wall, floor material. Opening and layout of the site is also a factor taken into account in this analysis. Analysis were performed using the program CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). From the analysis results will be obtained that describe the morphology of the original traditional houses are most comfortable. The findings is expected to be a reference to build a modern house that adopt a traditional house by choosing a convenient morphological traditional house, so in order to obtain the expected thermal comfort. Key Words : thermal comfort, tradisional Javanese Houses, morphology Sub Themes : C.1. Architecture And Environmental Design 1

2 1 Introduction The aim of this research is comparing thermal comfort from two morphologies of traditional houses (original and development) plans. This study will be conducted by simulation to look at the thermal comfort of them. In addition to a different house plans, the direction of orientation of the house is different, the settings are different to the environment that will affect the thermal comfort in buildings. Wind direction to Dul Muin s house (case 1) from the north, wind direction for the Syamsuri s house (case 2) from the south. Part of buildings Material type U value (W/m2K) admittance (W/m2K) solar absorbtion (0-1) roof Clay tile roof wall 1/2 brick wood floor tile pathway paving soil soil Figure 1. Table U value Note: V October :3.85m/s, v July: 3.34m/s, t Oct :27 ºC, t Juli :25.5 ºC source: BMKG Material on both cases using clay tile roofs, ½ brick wall and wooden, floor tiles are considered open windows and doors, pathway from paving. 2 Priciples Of Building Design In Humid Tropics Region According Satwiko (2008) for thermal comfort humid tropics is at a temperature of 24 C <T <26 C, 40% <RH <60%, 0.6 <V <1.5 m / s, a layer of lightweight clothing, activities relaxed calm. Orientation Kotagede Yogyakarta region located between Mount Merapi to the north and Ocean Indonesia in the south so the wind moving from north to south and south to north. In addition to the orientation of the mountain and the sea, the orientation house to the south, where the sunrise over of the east and west buildings. So the original traditional house can reduce the heat and optimize the wind. Roof design 2

3 The best roof for the tropics area are getting wider sloping roof reduce the absorption of solar heat into the room. Similarly, the roof is used in both cases. Wall Material The material used for the walls in the form of wood and ½ brick wall. This material absorbs heat more adaptive than the material only a brick wall. Opening Openings in both cases have a significant difference on the complexity of the openings. Case 1 is more complicated than the case 2. Passive cooling In both cases cooling buildings using natural ventilation and without mechanical cooling. Utilization of passive cooling is seen very clearly felt in case 2. Figure2. Yogyakarta Map (source: Yogyakarta District Government, 2009) 3

4 Figure 3. Kotagede Yogyakarta, Site plan Source: Yogyakarta Heritage Society, Research Methodology The methodology used in this study is a simulation using CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) with data from measurements made on the assumption BMKG (Meteorology Climatology Geophysics Board) height of 10 m from ground level. Objects being compared are the traditional houses in the Kotagede, Yogyakarta. 4

5 The methodology used in this study was to compare two houses that have different morphologies. First case Dul Muin have a traditional house with development. Case 2 is an original tradisional house. Simulation by taking the data at temperatures in the hottest month, October, and the coldest month, July, the ambient temperature in the hottest and coldest months, the wind speed at the hottest and coldest months. 4. Result And Discussion The result of this research be presented by the table below. T Jul y (C old est) Case study 1: Dul Muin s house Case study 2: Samsuri s House T Oct (H ott est) 299ºK= 25.85ºC 298.8ºK=25.65ºC T Jul y 300.7ºK= 27.55ºC 300.4ºK= 27.35ºC 299ºk=25.85º C 298.8ºk=25.65ºC 5

6 T oct obe r 304ºK=30.85 ºC 300.2ºK=27.05ºC V (m/ s) jul y m/s m/s V oct m/s m/s V jul y site m/s 1-2 m/s 6

7 V Oct site m/s 1-2 m/s Fac ade Fac ade 7

8 Sit epl an Pla n More open space in the north of the building More open space in the south of the building morphology tradisional house that has a development morphology tradisional house that has no development Figure 4. Table comparison result research In the coldest month, July, the Dul Muin s house has a comfortable category that has openings to the north, the east house (gandok wetan) room and little room in the main house that facing east. Samsuri s house in a some part is comfortable but not the area well. Dul Muin s site in October, in some parts, the wind was too strong over 1.5 m/s which is north and west of the house. Samsuri s site has only a little comfortable area in the west and north of the house. 5.Conclusion 8

9 Both cases feel comfort in July, but in case 2, samsuri s house has more room that comfort. In October both cases have temperature that the range outside of comfortable zone. But case 2, samsuri s house is look good for the temperature and wind speed. For case 1, Dul Muin s site in July more comfortable than the Samsuri s site but still comfortable in all categories. the result of this study about thermal comfort in traditional house typologies can be applied in the design of modern buildings. The laying of the building can also be applied to the laying of the building in a modern building site on the other. 6 References [Blank 10] Satwiko, (2008), Fisika Bangunan, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta [Cambria8] Koenigsberger, Ingersoll, Mayhew, Szokolay, (1978), Manual Of Tropical Housing And Building,, Longman Inc, America PO Fanger (1982), Thermal Comfort, Analisys And Applications In Environmetal Engineering, Mc Graw Hill Company, New York Szokolay, SV.(1987), Thermal Design of Buildings, RAIA Education Devision, Canberra Evans, M. (1980), Housing, Climate and Comfort, John Wiley and Sons, New York Egan, D. (1975), Concepts in Thermal Comfort, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey Idham, C., Aksugur, E. (2006), The Natural Acclimation of Javanese Vernacular House Typology, in Harmony in Culture and Nature, INTA Conference, Yogyakarta Iswati, T.Y. (2009), Kampung Dalem di Balik Kemegahan Kotagede, UNS Press, Surakarta Iswati, T.Y.,(2011), Simulation Of Thermal Performance Of Traditional Javanese House Compared With Contemporary House In Tropics Region In Yogyakarta, International Seminar on Climate Change Environment Insight for Climate Change Mitigation, Surakarta Iswati, TY, 2011, Simulation Study of Natural Ventilation in Traditional and Contemporary Javanese Houses in Yogyakarta, the 12 International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Architecture, Local Wisdom for the Better Future of Sustainable Architecture, Malang Abdullah, A.M; Kandar, M.Z., 2011, Comparison of the Thermal Comfort Levels for Two Traditional Bugis Houses in Malaysia, the 12 International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Architecture, Local Wisdom for The Better Future Sustainable Architecture, Malang 9