SELF CURING CONCRETE. Garje Rajesh Kumar, Professor of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal , Andhra Pradesh, India
|
|
- Meghan Jennings
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SELF CURING CONCRETE Garje Rajesh Kumar, Professor of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal , Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT: There are number of ways in which internal curing for concrete can be accomplished. One of the techniques of self curing is by using hydrophilic materials in concrete. The use of hydrophilic materials in concrete minimizes the loss of water and also attracts moisture from the atmosphere and help in continuous curing of concrete. Polyethylene Glycol, Paraffin Wax, Acrylic acid are some of the commonly available hydrophilic materials in market. This paper discusses the experimental investigation to arrive at the optimum dosage of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in concrete. The parameters in the study are two grades of concrete, PEG of two molecular weights, different dosages of PEG and two curing conditions. The variation of internal moisture and compressive strength was studied using standard concrete cubes of dimensions 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm. The variation of internal moisture was measured by weighing the cubes at regular intervals. It is found that, for low dosages of PEG the variation of weight and compressive strength was not significant when the concrete is cured by indoor curing and conventional curing. 1. INTRODUCTION Curing of concrete plays a major role in developing the concrete microstructure and pore structure and hence improves durability and performance. It is necessary to provide water for concrete so that continuous curing can be accomplished. This is done by providing water externally or by embedding the water inside the materials used to make concrete. It is found that for 1 m 3 of concrete requires about 3 m 3 of water for construction most of which is for curing. Providing water externally has its own problems viz., depleting sources of good quality water, lack of accessibility of the structure, limited water cement ratio used in high strength / high performance concrete. In the absence of providing quality water for cuing, the concrete structures are subjected to premature deterioration. To prevent the above problem, it is advantageous to provide embedded water for curing. There are number of methods for providing embedded water for curing viz., using light weight aggregate, using hydrophilic chemicals in concrete etc., The use of Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) is one such method (Liang et al., 2002, El Dieb 2007, Jau, 2008). Liang et al, has conducted experiments on self curing concrete using a combination of PEG and Paraffin Wax in different proportions. PEG of molecular weight 200 was used in this investigation. Water retentivity, porosity and compressive strength were found to prove the efficiency of self curing. The experimental program revealed, the best combination of PEG and Paraffin Wax. However, neither the use of PEG of higher molecular weight was studied nor the reasons for using PEG of lower molecular weight were discussed in this paper.
2 El Dieb studied the use of PEG as a self curing agent. The parameters in this study were the cement content and water cement ratio. The concrete weight loss and internal relative humidity measurements were studied with respect to time. Two types of curing viz., continuous moist curing under water and air curing was considered. The molecular weight of PEG was not mentioned in this paper; however, the dosage of PEG was maintained constant at 0.02 % by weight of cement. Jau listed different types of self curing agents which can be used in concrete. The dosage at the rate of 0.1% to 5% by weight of cement was considered in this investigation. The weight loss and the compressive strength were found for different dosages of self curing agents and at different relative humidity. However, the molecular weight of the self curing agents was not mentioned in this paper. 2. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE From the review of literature it is found that the influence of molecular weight and dosage of self curing agents was not given due significance to study the efficiency of self curing. In all the investigations mentioned above the loss of weight of the specimen was considered to study the self desiccation of concrete, which has direct bearing on the hydration of cement. Compressive strength is one simple parameter which is used to study the level of hydration of cement in concrete. This paper describes an experimental program to find the optimum dosage and the molecular weight of PEG to accomplish efficient self curing of concrete by studying the water retentivity by loss / gain of weight of the specimen and compressive strength of concrete subjected to two curing regimes. 3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is conducted to develop self curing concrete by using a hydrophilic material viz., Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG). Two grades of concrete to obtain about 30 MPa and 40 MPa was considered in this study. Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) of two molecular weights 600 and 6000 was added in three dosages viz., 0.1%, 1.0% and 3.0% by weight of cement. Two types of curing methods viz., indoor curing and conventional curing by immersing the specimens in water were adopted in the study. The comparison in the behavior was made with a companion specimen without PEG due to indoor curing and conventional curing. Amount of water retained in concrete for the purpose of curing was monitored for specimens subjected to indoor curing and conventional curing, by weighing them at an interval of 3days up to 27 days. The variation of compressive strength due to above mentioned curing types and dosages of PEG were studied. The ratio of 28 days compressive strength for concrete subjected to indoor curing and conventional curing is studied to compare the curing efficiency of concrete due to different dosages of PEG. The test for compressive strength of concrete was performed as per IS MATERIALS USED Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade conforming to IS , procured in a single lot and stored properly was used in this investigation. Natural sand conforming to zone II and 20 mm nominal size, well graded crushed granite chips as per IS were used as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively. PEG of molecular weights 600 and 6000 were used in the concrete. PEG of molecular weight 600 was available in the liquid form and PEG of molecular weight 6000 was available in the form of crystals. PEG was mixed with the water which was used in mixing concrete.
3 4.1 Nomenclature of specimens Two grades of concrete are denoted by A and B. PEG of molecular weights 600 and 6000 are denoted by L and H respectively. The dosage is represented by 0, 0.1, 1 and 3% by weight of cement. Indoor curing and Conventional Curing is represented by I and W respectively. For example AH-1(I)1 represents specimen with mix A, PEG with higher molecular weight and dosage of 1% by weight of cement, subjected to indoor curing and 1 st specimen in the series. Three similar specimens were cast and average of three was considered to as the final value. Total of 96 standard cubes of dimensions 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm were cast out of which 48 were subjected to indoor curing and remaining 48 were subjected to conventional curing. 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: 5.1 Retention of Water Weight loss / Weight Gain The availability of water in concrete, particularly when subjected to indoor curing is extremely important for the curing of concrete to continue. The retention of water in concrete was monitored by weighing the concrete cubes at regular intervals as mentioned above Weight Loss - Specimens subjected to Indoor curing A total of 48 specimens i.e., 12 specimens each of the following were subjected to indoor curing; Mix A with PEG of low molecular weight AL (I), Mix A with PEG of high molecular weight AH (I), Mix B with PEG of low molecular weight BL (I) and Mix B with PEG of high molecular weight BH (I) with varying dosages of PEG as percentage by weight of cement. The weight of three similar specimens was taken on an electronic balance of accuracy 0.1 grams. The average of three similar specimens was taken for further analysis. It is observed that the initial weight of the specimen was the maximum and all the specimens suffered continuous weight loss with age as they were subjected to indoor curing. The difference between the weight at any age and the initial weight (i.e., weight loss) was plotted with respect to the age of the specimen. Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 shows the variation of loss of weight for the above mentioned specimens. However, it is important to identify the type and dosage of PEG for which the loss of weight is minimum, such that maximum amount of water is available for internal curing. Fig. 1 & 2 Variation of Weight loss (kg) with Age (days) for specimens AL & AH
4 Fig. 3 & 4 Variation of Weight loss (kg) with Age (days) for specimens BL & BH In all the four cases it was observed that the weight loss was lowest for a dosage of 0.1% of PEG (by weight of cement) irrespective of molecular weight of PEG. Further, to study the difference of weight loss of specimens due to the incorporation of PEG with lower and higher molecular weight, the final weight loss of all the specimens (i.e., after 27 days) was recorded as shown in table. 1. The ratio of weight loss of specimen with and without PEG was calculated and recorded in the same table. The ratio of weight loss was plotted with respect to the percentage dosage of PEG and shown in Fig. 5. It can be observed that the ratio of weight loss was lower due to the use of PEG of lower molecular weight and further it can be observed that the ratio of weight loss was lowest for the dosage of 0.1% by weight of cement. With the dosage of PEG beyond 0.1% by weight of cement, the ratio of weight loss was increasing to show that the availability of water for the curing of concrete was less, when the specimen was subjected to indoor curing. Table 1 Final weight loss & ratio of weight loss for indoor cured specimens % PEG WT. LOSS (INDOOR CURING) (kg) RATIO OF WT LOSS (INDOOR CURING) AL(I) AH(I) BL(I) BH(I) AL(I) AH(I) BL(I) BH(I) Fig. 5 Variation of Final Weight loss with dosage of P E G
5 5.1.2 Weight Gain - Specimens subjected to Conventional Curing (Immersed in water) A total of 48 specimens i.e., 12 specimens each of the following were subjected to conventional curing; Mix A with PEG of low molecular weight AL (W), Mix A with PEG of high molecular weight AH (W), Mix B with PEG of low molecular weight BL (W) and Mix B with PEG of high molecular weight BH (W) with varying dosages of PEG as percentage by weight of cement. The specimens were taken out of curing tank; surface wiped with dry cloth and allowed to dry for one hour before the weight was taken. The weight of three similar specimens was taken on an electronic balance of accuracy 0.1 grams. The average of three similar specimens was taken for further analysis. It was observed that the initial weight of the specimen was lowest and all the specimens showed continuous weight gain with age as they were subjected to immersion curing. The difference between the weight at any age and the initial weight (i.e., weight gain) was plotted with respect to the age of the specimen. Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 shows the variation of weight gain for the above mentioned specimens. However, it was important to identify the type and dosage of PEG for which the weight gain was maximum, such that maximum amount of water was available for internal curing. In all the four cases it was observed that the weight gain was generally higher for a dosage of 0.1% of PEG (by weight of cement) irrespective of molecular weight of PEG. Further, to study the difference of weight gain of specimens due to the incorporation of PEG with lower and higher molecular weight, the final weight gain of all the specimens (i.e., after 27 days) was recorded as shown in table. 2. The ratio of weight gain of specimens with and without PEG was calculated and recorded in the same table. The ratio of weight gain was plotted with respect to the percentage dosage of PEG and shown in Fig. 10. It can be observed that the ratio of weight gain was higher due to the use of PEG of lower molecular weight and further it can be observed that the ratio of weight gain was highest for the dosage of 0.1% by weight of cement. With the dosage of PEG beyond 0.1% by weight of cement, the ratio of weight gain decreases to show that the available of water for the curing of concrete was less, when the specimen was subjected to conventional curing. Table 2 Final weight gain & ratio of weight gain for conventionally cured specimens % PEG WT GAIN (CONVEN. CURING) (kg) RATIO OF WT GAIN (CONVEN. CURING) AL(W) AH(W) BL(W) BH(W) AL(W) AH(W) BL(W) BH(W) Fig. 6 & 7 Variation of Weight Gain (kg) with Age for specimens AL & AH
6 Fig. 8 & 9 Variation of Weight Gain (kg) with Age for specimens BL & BH Fig. 10 Variation of Final Weight Gain with dosage of P E G 5.2 Variation of Compressive Strength In this experimental investigation a total of 48 specimens were subjected to indoor curing and equal number of specimens were subjected to conventional curing by immersing the specimens in water. The results are tabulated in table 3 and the variation of compression strength due to indoor curing and conventional curing are plotted with respect to the dosage of PEG, which are shown in Fig. 11 to 12. It can be observed from these figures that the compressive strength of specimens subjected to indoor curing is less when compared to the specimens subjected to conventional curing. However, the difference between the compressive strength of specimens subjected to indoor curing and conventional curing is less when PEG of low molecular weight is used. Further it can be observed that the compressive strength of specimens with PEG of dosage 0.1% by weight of cement is closer to the conventionally cured specimens.
7 Fig. 11 &12 Compressive Strength Vs dosage of PEG for Mix A & B Table 3 28 Days Compressive Strength (MPa) of concrete %PEG AL(I) AL(W) AH(I) AH(W) BL(I) BL(W) BH(I) BH(W) To compare the efficiency of curing, the ratio of 28 days compressive strength of specimens subjected to indoor curing and conventional curing was calculated and recorded in table 4. The variation of this ratio with respect to the dosage of PEG was plotted and shown if Fig. 13. Table 4 Ratio of 28 Days Compressive Strength due to indoor and conventional curing %PEG AL(I/W) AH(I/W) BL(I/W) BH(I/W)
8 Fig. 13 Ratio of 28 days compressive strength for specimens subjected to indoor and conventional curing From Fig. 13 it can be observed that the ratio of 28 days compressive strength for specimens subjected to indoor curing and conventional curing with low molecular weight PEG is closer to 1.0. Further it can be seen that for a dosage of 0.1% by weight of cement the ratio is closer to 1.0 when compared to any other dosage. 6. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Poly Ethylene Glycol of lower molecular weight is more efficient as a self curing agent when compared to the PEG of higher molecular weight. 2. Low dosage of Poly Ethylene Glycol is more efficient for achieving self curing concrete when compared to the higher dosages. 7. REFERENCES: Liang et al (2002) United States Patent Publication No. US 6,468,344 B1, Oct 22, A S El. Dieb (2007) Self Curing Concrete: Water retention, hydration and moisture transport, Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007) Wen Chen Jau ( 2008) United States Patent Publication No. US 2008 / A1, March 27, 2008 IS Indian standard specifications for testing for strength of concrete. IS Indian standard specifications for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement. IS Indian standard specifications for coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete
Dr.M.Swaroopa Rani Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Depatrment JNTUK, Kakinada Andhra Pradesh, India
A Study on Compressive Strength of Normal Curing Concrete and Self Curing Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Crushed Spent Fire Brick Dr.M.Swaroopa Rani Associate Professor, Civil Engineering
More informationEffect Of Curing Age On The Compressive Strength Of Concrete Made From Local Granite Chippings
Effect Of Curing Age On The Compressive Strength Of Concrete Made From Local Granite Chippings Okonkwo V. O. Department of Civil Engineerig Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria odinakao@gmail.com Nwokike
More informationSTUDY ON SILICA FUME REPLACED CONCRETE WITH SUPER PLASTICIZER
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 14(S1), 2016, 359-366 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com STUDY ON SILICA FUME REPLACED CONCRETE WITH SUPER PLASTICIZER R. M. MADHANASREE *,a, A. JOE PAULSON b and R. ANGELINE
More informationUtilization of Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete
Utilization of Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete Brajesh Kumar Suman Department of Civil Engineering SHIATS Allahabad, India bs2779@gmail.com Abstract Owing to increased construction
More informationAssessment of Concrete Strength Using Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate for Wast Tiles and Cement for Rice Husk Ash in Concrete
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Assessment of Concrete Strength Using Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate for Wast Tiles and Cement for Rice Husk Ash in Concrete Umapathy U 1, Mala C 2, Siva K 3 1( M.
More informationInternational Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development. The Experimental Investigation of Durability Test on Concrete Cubes
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.72 e-issn (O): 2348-4470 p-issn (P): 2348-6406 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 4, Issue 5, May -2017 The Experimental
More informationMATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR DURABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FLY ASH CONCRETE
MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR DURABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FLY ASH CONCRETE JINO JOHN 1 1 Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India,
More informationSTRENGTH AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE INCORPORATING SILICA FUME
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, July 215. STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE INCORPORATING SILICA FUME AND FLY ASH B. Krishna Kumari
More informationSTRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-CURING CONCRETE
STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-CURING CONCRETE M.V.Jagannadha Kumar 1, M. Srikanth 2, K. Jagannadha Rao 3 1 Assoc Prof in Civil Engineering, NRIIT, Vijayawada (AP), India, mjaganjk@yahoo.com 2 Assoc
More informationExperimental Study on Concrete and Cement Plaster Using Partial Replacement of Quarry Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 5, Issue 01, 2017 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Experimental Study on Concrete and Cement Plaster Using Partial Replacement of Quarry
More informationINFLUENCE OF TYPE OF CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES ON SAND
INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES ON SAND AND CEMENT CONTENT OF ORDINARY GRADE CONCRETE M. K. Maroliya Assistant professor, Applied Mechanics Dept, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, M. S. University
More informationExperimental Investigation on Self Compacting Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Quarry Dust and Cement with Fly Ash
Experimental Investigation on Self Compacting Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Quarry Dust and Cement with Fly Ash M. Pavan Kumar 1, R. Suresh 2, G.Tirupathi Naidu 3 Assistant Professor,
More informationA Study on the Influence of Mineral Admixtures in Cementitious System Containing Chemical Admixtures
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 10, Issue 3 (March 2014), PP.76-82 A Study on the Influence of Mineral Admixtures
More informationInvestigation and Comparative Study of Effect of Silica Fume in Cementitious Grouts
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2015 1 Investigation and Comparative Study of Effect of Silica Fume in Cementitious Grouts Dr. Shrikrishna A.Dhale
More informationInteraction of Non-Chloride Hardening Accelerator with Type of Cement and Method of Curing in the Strength Development of Pavement Concrete
Vol.2, Issue.3, May-June 2012 pp-1244-1252 ISSN: 2249-6645 Interaction of Non-Chloride Hardening Accelerator with Type of Cement and Method of Curing in the Strength Development of Pavement Concrete Mushtaq
More informationInvestigation of Natural Plasticizers in Concrete
International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology Vol.(7)Issue(3), pp. 098 104 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/1.73.513 e ISSN:2278 621X Investigation of Natural Plasticizers in Concrete
More informationImpact of Admixture and Rice Husk Ash in Concrete Mix Design
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. IV (Feb. 2014), PP 13-17 Impact of Admixture and Rice Husk Ash in Concrete Mix
More informationSULFATE AND CHLORIDE RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF PORTLAND CEMENT BLENDS
Proceedings of the 4 th International Conference on Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (ICCESD 2018), 9~11 February 2018, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh (ISBN-978-984-34-3502-6) SULFATE AND CHLORIDE
More informationEffect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle on Strength of Cement Mortar
IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 3 Issue 05 November 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-784X Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle on Strength of Cement Mortar D. Nivethitha S.
More informationStudying of Floating Concrete Report Fall
Studying of Floating Concrete Report 2017 Fall Instructor: Dr. Tzuyang Yu Submitted by Jie Hu Haoyu Lin George Xanthopoulos Haoxiang Yu Marven S Pigeot 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 3 2. Approach...
More informationReliability Of Non-Destructive Tests For Hardened Concrete Strength
Reliability Of Non-Destructive Tests For Hardened Concrete Strength Tarsem Lal 1, Sanjay Sharma 2, Sanjeev Naval 3 1 (Post Graduate student, DAVIET Jalandhar, India) 2 (Professor and Head, Department of
More informationLaboratory Analysis of Fly Ash Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Laboratory Analysis of Fly Ash Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement. Er.Amit Kumar Ahirwar 1, Prof. Rajesh Joshi 2, Er. Kapil Soni 3, 1 Scholar M.Tech (Construction, Technology
More informationRECYCLING DEMOLITION WASTE SANDCRETE BLOCKS AS AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE
RECYCLING DEMOLITION WASTE SANDCRETE BLOCKS AS AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE Akaninyene A. Umoh Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria E-Mail: aumoh@ymail.com
More informationThe Utilization of Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregates in Concrete
Kalpa Publications in Civil Engineering Volume 1, 2017, Pages 170 175 ICRISET2017. International Conference on Research and Innovations in Science, Engineering &Technology. Selected papers in Civil Engineering
More informationInternational Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: Vol.8, No.1, pp 01-05, 2015
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 97-9 Vol.8, No.1, pp 1-, 1 Effect of Silica Fume in Flow Properties and Compressive Strength of Self Compacting Concrete S.S.Vivek*
More informationStudy of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as an Alternative to River Sand and Manufactured Sand as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Study of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as an Alternative to River Sand and Manufactured Sand as Fine Aggregate in Concrete Ch.Srinivasarao¹, M. Kameswararao² 1 Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
More informationDevelopment of Paver Blocks from Industrial Wastes
Development of Paver Blocks from Industrial Wastes Kalingarani.K 1, Harikrishna Devudu.P 2,Jegan Ram.M 2, Sriramkumar.V 2 1 (Assistant professors, Department of civil engineering Easwari engineering college,
More informationPhysical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Made with Fly Ash
Physical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Made with Fly Ash Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, College of Technological Studies (PAAET), P.O. Box: 34 Ardia, 13136
More informationCompound and Engineering Application of Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Low Shrinkage
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2014-06-06 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 941-944, pp 873-876 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.873 2014 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Compound and Engineering
More informationCorrelation between Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Destructive Testing (DT) of Compressive Strength of Concrete
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 6726 Volume 3 Issue 9 ǁ September 2014 ǁ PP.12-17 Correlation between Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and
More informationDestructive and Non- Destructive Testing for Concrete in Sudan - A Comparative Study
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 6 Ver. VI (Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 44-48 www.iosrjournals.org Destructive and Non- Destructive
More informationEffect of silica fume on the resistance to chloride ion penetration in high performance concrete
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn : 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-2 pp-01-05 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Effect of silica fume on the resistance to chloride ion penetration
More informationSTUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHT TRANSMITTING CONCRETE
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: 239-6 STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHT TRANSMITTING CONCRETE B.YAMINI NIRMAL 1, Mr. K.NEHEMIYA 2, Sri.G.GIRI PRASAD 3,
More informationEffect of nano-silica on properties of blended cement
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research Vol, 03 Issue, 5 Effect of nano-silica on properties of blended cement G.Reddy Babu Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Narasaraopeta
More informationAnil Kumar Nanda, Jaspal Singh. Evaluation of Relation between Split Tensile and Compressive Strength of OPC Concrete
211 Evaluation of Relation between Split Tensile and Compressive Strength of OPC Concrete Anil Kumar Nanda 1, Jaspal Singh 2 1 Professor, Civil Engg. Department, IET, Bhaddal, Ropar (aknanda4ap@gmail.com)
More informatione t International Journal on Emerging Technologies 6(2): 41-52(2015) ISSN No. (Print) : ISSN No. (Online) :
e t International Journal on Emerging Technologies 6(2): 41-52(215) ISSN No. (Print) : 975-8364 ISSN No. (Online) : 2249-3255 A Study on Strength Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with use of Steel
More informationInfluence of Magnetic Water on Strength Properties of Concrete
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 7(1), 14 18, January 2014 Influence of Magnetic Water on Strength Properties of Concrete B. Siva Konda Reddy 1*, Vaishali G. Ghorpade 2 and H. Sudarsana Rao
More informationThe Effect of Local Available Materials on the Properties of Concrete
International Journal of Life Science and Engineering Vol. 1, No. 4, 2015, pp. 140-144 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijlse The Effect of Local Available Materials on the Properties of Concrete Salahaldein
More informationInternational Journal of Advance Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.301 International Journal of Advance Research in Engineering, Science & Technology e-issn: 2393-9877, p-issn: 2394-2444 Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2018 Effect of Waste Kota Stone
More informationChapter VI Mix Design of Concrete
CIV415 CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY Chapter VI Mix Design of Concrete Assist.Prof.Dr. Mert Yücel YARDIMCI Advanced Concrete Technology - Zongjun Li 1 Mix Design Mix design can be defined as the processes of selecting
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE S.Hemalatha 1, Dr.A.Leema Rose 2 M.E Student & Department of Civil Engineering, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College,Tamilnadu, India Professor &
More informationInfluence of neutral salts (NaCl and KCl) in water on properties of natural admixture cements
Influence of neutral salts (NaCl and KCl) in water on properties of natural admixture cements 1 D. Sreehari Rao, 2 Prof. I.V.Ramana Reddy, 3 S. Vijay Bhaskar 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor, 3 Academic
More informationEffectiveness of Use of Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete
International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Effectiveness of Use of Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Mohammad Iqbal Malik 1, Aarif Manzoor 2, Barkat
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF SILICA FUME OF COMPRESIVE AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
on 17 th - 18 th December 216, in Goa, India. ISBN: 9788193137383 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF SILICA FUME OF COMPRESIVE AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE K C Sethi Sangita M. Tech student, Transportation
More informationNATURAL POLYMER AS WATERPROOFING COMPOUND IN CEMENT CONCRETE
NATURAL POLYMER AS WATERPROOFING COMPOUND IN CEMENT CONCRETE Remya V 1 and Hima Elizabeth Koshy 2 1,2 Assistant Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, Mount Zion College of Engineering, Pathanamthitta
More informationReuse of Ceramic Waste as Aggregate in Concrete
Reuse of Ceramic Waste as in Concrete Prof. Shruthi. H. G 1, Prof. Gowtham Prasad. M. E 2 Samreen Taj 3, Syed Ruman Pasha 4 Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, ATME College of Engineering,
More informationExperimental Investigation of Recycled Plastic Aggregate in Concrete
Experimental Investigation of Recycled Plastic Aggregate in Concrete R.Ilakkiya 1, R.Suresh 2, R.Greesan3 PG Scholar, Department of Structural Engineering, Chendhuran College of, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu,
More informationBEHAVIOUR OF M20 GRADE CONCRETE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2017, pp. 1043 1048 Article ID: IJCIET_08_03_106 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=3
More informationTHE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF LIMESTONE POWDER ON THE PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF LIMESTONE POWDER ON THE PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE B. Beeralingegowda 1, V. D. Gundakalle 2 P.G. Student, Civil Engineering Department, KLE Dr. MSSCET, Belgaum, Karnataka,
More informationInvestigation of Nanosilica in Enhancing the Strength of Cement Concrete
Investigation of Nanosilica in Enhancing the Strength of Cement Concrete F.Mohamed Yasir Arafath 1, S.Ajeeth Peter Francisco 2, S.Vinoth Bharathi 3, M.Kirubakaran 4, N.Elakkiyarajan 5 U.G Student, Department
More informationResidual Compressive Strength of Recycled Brick Aggregate Concrete at High Temperatures
Residual Compressive Strength of Recycled Brick Aggregate Concrete at High Temperatures Kasi Rekha 1, Dr. M. Potharaju 2 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, GITAM University,
More informationVOL. 10, NO 20, NOVEMBER, 2015 ISSN ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF CAPILLARY FLOW IN ROLLER- COMPACTED CONCRETE AND THE EFFECTS OF WATER- CEMENT RATIO, RESISTANCE, FREEZING AND THAWING OF CONCRETE ON IT Mostafa yousefi rad 1 and Mehdi Mahmoudi 2
More informationEffect of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) on Strength Properties of Concrete
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013 1 Effect of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) on Strength Properties of Concrete Sooraj V.M. Civil Engineering Department,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SELF HEALING CONCRETE BY USING BACILLUS SUBTILIS
138 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SELF HEALING CONCRETE BY USING BACILLUS SUBTILIS Thivya.J 1, Chandrasekaren.M 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of
More informationInvestigation on the Properties of the Reactive Powder Concrete Using Silica Fume and Kaoline
Kedar P. Desai et al. 2016, Volume 4 Issue 3 ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 ISSN (Print): 2395-4752 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology An Open Access Journal Investigation on the Properties
More informationExperimental Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Sand with M- Sand and Cement with Lime Stone Powder
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.2, pp 948-954, April-June 2014 Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Sand with M- Sand and Cement
More informationDURABILITY PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE USING INDUSTRIAL BYPRODUCTS
DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE USING INDUSTRIAL BYPRODUCTS A. Jayaranjini and B. Vidivelli Department of Structural Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India E-Mail messageranjini@gmail.com
More informationNon-Delayed Heat Application Effects on The Strength of Concrete For Railway Sleepers
www.crl.issres.net Vol. 5(1) - March 2014 Non-Delayed Heat Application Effects on The Strength of Concrete For Railway Sleepers Rasiah Sri Ravindrarajah 1 and Stephen R. White 2 1 School of Civil and Environmental
More informationSTUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURED SAND AS FINE AGGREGATES IN HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS
STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURED SAND AS FINE AGGREGATES IN HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS S.S.Saravanan #1, Dr.P.Jagadeesh 2 #1 Research scholar, School of Civil & Chemical Engineering, VIT
More informationDRYING SHRINKAGE PROPERTIES OF ACCELERATED FLYASH CEMENT CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH HOOKED STEEL FIBRES
DRYING SHRINKAGE PROPERTIES OF ACCELERATED FLYASH CEMENT CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH HOOKED STEEL FIBRES V. M. Sounthararajan and A. Sivakumar Structural Engineering Division, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil
More informationStrength Characteristics of Concrete Mix by Replacing Fine Aggregates with Industrial Sand
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2016 729 Strength Characteristics of Concrete Mix by Replacing Fine Aggregates with Industrial Sand Gaurav Sharma *,
More informationReplacement of Natural Fine Aggregate With Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag An Industrial By Product
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Replacement of Natural Fine Aggregate With Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag An Industrial By Product Dr. B. Krishna Rao *, Dr.M.Swaroopa Rani **, A Siva Sai Teja *** (* Associate
More informationSTRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF A TIE CONFINED SELF COSOLIDATING PERFORMANCE CONCRETE (SCPC) UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF A TIE CONFINED SELF COSOLIDATING PERFORMANCE CONCRETE (SCPC) UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION P.Rathish Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engg, NIT Warangal, A.P, India drrateesh@gmail.com
More informationInvestigations on Some Properties of no-fines Concrete
Investigations on Some Properties of no-fines Concrete T ABADJIEVA and P SEPHIRI Department of Civil Engineering University of Botswana Private Bag 1 Gaborone, Botswana Abstract No-fines concrete is a
More informationFEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE AND CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE (FOAMED CONCRETE)
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE AND CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE (FOAMED CONCRETE) MR. PAVAN RANMALE Department of Civil Engineering, Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami
More informationFrom the demolished waste of building, kerbs, pavements and other constructions debris is obtained. From debris
Significance of Silica Fume and Glass Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete N. Vinay Kumar 1, P. S. S. Anjaneya Babu 2 1 PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Gudlavalleru
More informationMix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC:
Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC:15-2011 ABSTRACT: The stresses induced in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore flexural strength is more often specified than compressive strength
More informationEvaluation of Superplasticizer Performance in Concrete
Evaluation of Superplasticizer Performance in Concrete Manu Santhanam Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, INDIA ABSTRACT Superplasticizers are an essential
More informationReplacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete with Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash from Incinerator
Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete with Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash from Incinerator Meenakshi Dixit [1], Atishaya Jain [2]*, Dinesh Kumawat [3], Arvind Swami [4], Manidutt Sharma [5] 1 Asst.
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April-2016 156 PERFORMANCE OF POLYESTER AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBRES IN CONCRETE N.Venkata Ramana1, U.Raghu Babu2 and E.Aruna
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON LONG TERM STRENGTH OF BLENDED AND O.P.C. CONCRETES- A COMPARISON
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON LONG TERM STRENGTH OF BLENDED AND O.P.C. CONCRETES- A COMPARISON Raghuprasad P.S. Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Dr. T.M.A. Pai Polytechnic, Manipal-576 104.
More informationCONCRETE MIX DESIGN. Dr. B.N. KRISHNASWAMI TECHNICAL MEETING ON ORGANISED BY CIVIL ENGINEERS & ARCHITECTS ASSOCIATION, KUMBAKONAM
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN BY Dr. B.N. KRISHNASWAMI Former Faculty, DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG., NIT, TRICHY TECHNICAL MEETING ON 09-05-2009 ORGANISED BY CIVIL ENGINEERS & ARCHITECTS ASSOCIATION, KUMBAKONAM INTRODUCTION
More informationEFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PARAMETERS OF CONCRETE
EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PARAMETERS OF CONCRETE N. K. Amudhavalli 1, Jeena Mathew 2 1 Asst. Professor (Senior Grade), Department of Civil Engg, Tamilnadu College of Engineering,
More informationSize and Dosage of Micro Silica Fume Behaviour for Partial replacement of Cement in Concrete
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 7-4,p-ISSN: 23-3X, Volume, Issue Ver. VI (Nov. - Dec. 15), PP -3 www.iosrjournals.org Size and Dosage of Micro Silica Fume Behaviour
More informationAssociate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, NIT Warangal, India 2. Senior year undergraduate, Dept. of Civil Engineering, NIT Warangal, India 3
Compressive strength performance of high strength concretes using binary supplementary cementitious materials P. Rathish Kumar 1, C.Sumanth Reddy 2, Md. Saleem Baig 3 1 Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil
More informationEFFECT OF WATER CEMENT RATIO ON THE WORKABILITY AND STRENGTH OF LOW STRENGTH QUARRY DUST CONCRETE
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp. 1448 1455, Article ID: IJCIET_08_10_146 Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=10
More informationEFFECT OF CURING METHODS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
EFFECT OF CURING METHODS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE T. James, A. Malachi, E.W. Gadzama, V. Anametemfiok a Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Yola, Nigeria. a
More informationCONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MADE WITH COAL COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS. Lihua Wei*, Tarun R. Naik**, and Dean M. Golden***
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MADE WITH COAL COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS Lihua Wei*, Tarun R. Naik**, and Dean M. Golden*** ABSTRACT A research program at the Center for By-Products Utilization, UW-Milwaukee, is being
More informationMalaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 26(3): (2014) Department of Civil Engineering, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya 2
Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 26(3):326-336 (214) EVALUATION OF ENERGY DISSIPATION IN FLEXURE FOR TWO STAGE CONCRETE Hamdi Abdurrahmn 1, Hakim S. Abdelgader 1, A.S.M. Abdul Awal 2 * & Ali S. El-Baden
More informationASIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (BUILDING AND HOUSING) VOL. 9, NO. 5 (2008) PAGES STUDIES ON ACID RESISTANCE OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
ASIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (BUILDING AND HOUSING) VOL. 9, NO. (8) PAGES 473-486 STUDIES ON ACID RESISTANCE OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE P. Murthi * and V. Sivakumar Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai,
More informationAn Experimental Study on Crushed Glass Material for the Partial Replacement of Natural Sand in Concrete
International Journal Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR) An Experimental Study on Crushed Glass Material for the Partial Replacement Natural Sand in Concrete K.Rubini, Liya Sara Joy, Sanjana Abstract
More informationSTRENGTH PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE USING BOTTOM ASH AS FINE AGGREGATE
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology (IMPACT: IJRET) ISSN(E): 2321-8843; ISSN(P): 2347-4599 Vol. 2, Issue 9, Sep 14, 111-122 Impact Journals STRENGTH PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE
More informationEFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SILICA FUME ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SIFCON PRODUCED FROM WASTE COILED STEEL FIBRES
EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SILICA FUME ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SIFCON PRODUCED FROM WASTE COILED STEEL FIBRES Dr. Ashish. K. Gurav Director, Dhananjay Mahadik Group of Institutions,Kolhapur,
More informationEffect of Micro Silica on the properties of hardened concrete
International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 13, Issue 11 (November 2017), PP. 08-12 Effect of Micro Silica on the properties
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LATEX MODIFIED CONCRETE WITH SILICA FUME
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2017, pp. 701 710, Article ID: IJCIET_08_09_079 Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=9
More informationSTRENGTH PROPERTIES OF STEEL FIBER CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SILICA FUME
STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF STEEL FIBER CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SILICA FUME 1 NAMANI SAIKRISHNA, 2 SYED MOIZUDDIN 1 M. Tech(Structural Engineering), Department of Civil Engineering, SVS Group of
More informationStudy on Durability Characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash
Study on Durability Characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash Dhiyaneshwaran, S. 1), Ramanathan, P. 2), Baskar, I. 3) and Venkatasubramani, R. 4) 1) Post-Graduate Student, Department of
More informationHigh Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Paver Blocks Som Nath Sachdeva, Vanita Aggarwal, S. M. Gupta
High Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Paver Blocks Som Nath Sachdeva, Vanita Aggarwal, S. M. Gupta Abstract Use of concrete paver blocks is becoming increasingly popular. They are used for paving of approaches,
More informationUtilization of micro silica as partial replacement of OPC & SRC in concrete
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 3, Issue 3(March 2014), PP.67-73 Utilization of micro silica as partial replacement of
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY GRANITE POWDER
EXERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE WITH ARTIAL RELACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY GRANITE OWDER S.ARULKESAVAN 1, M.JOTHI 2, M.SATHEESHKUMAR 3, V.TAMILSELVI 4, K.B.USHA 5. Department of civil engineering
More informationMix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC
Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC-15-2002 ABSTRACT: The stresses induced in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore flexural strength is more often specified than compressive strength
More informationSTRENGTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE BEAMS
ISSN (Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization, Volume 2, Special Issue
More informationEffect of waste brick kiln dust with partial replacement of cement with adding superplasticizer in construction of Paver Blocks
Effect of waste brick kiln dust with partial replacement of cement with adding superplasticizer in construction of Paver Blocks Sharda Sharma 1, Ritesh Mall 2, Khalid Raza 3 3. SELECTION OF MATERIALS Abstract
More informationUSING TYRES WASTES AS AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE TO FORM RUBCRETE MIX FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
USING TYRES WASTES AS AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE TO FORM RUBCRETE MIX FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS G. Nagesh Kumar 1, V. Sandeep 2, Ch. Sudharani 3 1 Sr. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationSECTION CONCRETE. B. ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary
SECTION 03300 CONCRETE PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 SCOPE OF WORK Concrete foundation walls, sanitary structures, pipe encasements, thrust blocking and slabs on grade. 1.02 REFERENCES A. ACI 301 Specification for
More informationEffects of Fly Ash and Super Plasticiser on Cement Content in M30 Grade Concrete
Effects of Fly Ash and Super Plasticiser on Cement Content in M30 Grade Concrete S. Mishra 1, Doyol Kenna-o 2, Lagun Sonam 2, Pynksan Pamtheid 2, Rei Taram 2 1 Associate professor, Department of Civil
More informationSTRENGTH AND PERMEABILITY RELATIONSHIP OF STEEL FIBROUS CONCRETE
STRENGTH AND PERMEABILITY RELATIONSHIP OF STEEL FIBROUS CONCRETE A P Singh*, B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalnandhar, India D Singhal, GZS College of Engineering & Technology, Bathinda,
More informationA Study on Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Addition of G.G.B.S
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development eissn : 2278-067X, pissn : 2278-800X Volume 2, Issue 4 (July 2012), PP. 19-28 A Study on Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Addition
More informationCARBONATION OF MEDIUM STRENGTH SCC
SCC 9-China, June 5-7 9, Beijing, China CARBONATION OF MEDIUM STRENGTH SCC Youjun Xie (1),Kunlin Ma (1,) and Guangcheng Long (1) (1) Civil Engineering and Architecture College, Central South University,
More informationFly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study of Fly Ash in Acidic (H 2 so 4 ) Environment
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 10, Issue 12 (December 2014), PP.01-13 Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement
More information