UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

Transcription

1 USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS (November 2016) Change 1-08/ Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Superseding UFGS (August 2008) UFGS (January 2008) UFGS (July 2006) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References are in agreement with UMRL dated April 2018 SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 23 - HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) SECTION COOLING TOWERS AND REMOTE EVAPORATIVELY-COOLED CONDENSERS 11/16 PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES 1.2 SUBMITTALS 1.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING 1.5 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS Verification of Dimensions Drawings PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 PRODUCT SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA Energy Efficient Equipment for Cooling Towers 2.2 STANDARD COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS 2.3 MANUFACTURER'S STANDARD NAMEPLATES 2.4 ELECTRICAL WORK 2.5 COOLING TOWER MATERIALS Lumber Douglas Fir Plywood Pressure Treated Lumber Redwood Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Zinc-Coated Steel Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Formed Sheets High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Stainless Steel Sheets Concrete Hardware 2.6 COOLING TOWERS Factory Assembled Towers Description SECTION Page 1

2 Construction Tower Frame and Louvers Air Inlet And Discharge Connections Fill Drift Eliminators Cold Water Basin Equipment Electric Basin Heater Fans, Blowers, and Drives Tower Piping Electric Motors Vibration Cutout Switch Performance Sound Power Level Drift Loss Lubrication Factory Finish System Field-Assembled Cooling Towers Framework, Casing, and Supports Foundations Stairways and Ladders Hand Railings Access Doors Louvers Fan Deck and Cylinder Fans Speed Reducers Gears and Drive Shaft Electric Motors Cold Water Basin Electric Basin Heater Hot Water Distribution System Drift Eliminators Cold Water Basin Equipment Fill (Heat Transfer Surface) Fire Safety Meters and Controls 2.7 REMOTE EVAPORATIVELY-COOLED CONDENSERS Condenser Casing Refrigerant Section Fans Water Section 2.8 FABRICATION 2.9 SUPPLEMENTAL COMPONENTS/SERVICES Condenser Water Piping and Accessories Cooling Tower Water Treatment Systems Temperature Controls PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 DEMONSTRATIONS 3.2 INSTALLATION Installation Instructions Vibration Isolation Posted Instructions Verification of Dimensions Demonstrations Certificates Operation and Maintenance Manuals Connections to Existing Systems 3.3 RELATED FIELD TESTING SECTION Page 2

3 3.3.1 Test Plans 3.4 TESTING -- End of Section Table of Contents -- SECTION Page 3

4 USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS (November 2016) Change 1-08/ Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Superseding UFGS (August 2008) UFGS (January 2008) UFGS (July 2006) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References are in agreement with UMRL dated April 2018 SECTION COOLING TOWERS AND REMOTE EVAPORATIVELY-COOLED CONDENSERS 11/16 NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for induced mechanical draft cooling towers (both packaged and field-erected). Use of electronic communication is encouraged. Adhere to UFC Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) Format Standard when editing this guide specification or preparing new project specification sections. Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable item(s) or insert appropriate information. Brackets are used in the text to indicate designer choices or locations where text must be supplied by the designer. Comments, suggestions and recommended changes for this guide specification are welcome and should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR). PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation, date, and title. Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a Reference Identifier (RID) outside of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the Reference Article. Also SECTION Page 4

5 use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature to update the issue dates. References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the publish print process. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only. ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (ASA) ASA S1.13 (2005; R 2010) Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air (ASA 118) AIR-CONDITIONING, HEATING AND REFRIGERATION INSTITUTE (AHRI) ANSI/AHRI 495 (2005) Performance Rating of Refrigerant Liquid Receivers AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (ASHRAE) ANSI/ASHRAE 15 & 34 ASHRAE 64 (2016) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants (2011) Methods of Testing Remote Mechanical-Draft Evaporative Refrigerant Condensers AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS) AWS Z49.1 (2012) Safety in Welding and Cutting and Allied Processes ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM) ASTM A123/A123M ASTM A153/A153M ASTM A48/A48M ASTM A653/A653M ASTM B117 (2017) Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products (2016) Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware (2003; R 2012) Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings (2017) Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process (2016) Standard Practice for Operating SECTION Page 5

6 Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ASTM C67 ASTM D1784 ASTM D2996 ASTM D520 ASTM E84 (2017) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile (2011) Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds (2017) Standard Specification for Filament-Wound "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe (2000; R 2011) Zinc Dust Pigment (2018) Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials COOLING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (CTI) CTI ATC-105 CTI ESG-114 CTI STD-111 CTI STD-134 CTI Std-103 CTI Std-112 CTI Std-137 CTI Std-201 (2000) Acceptance Test Code (2007) Design of Cooling Towers with Douglas Fir Lumber (2009) Gear Speed Reducers (2007) Plywood for Use in Cooling Towers (2007) Redwood Lumber Specifications (2009) Pressure Preservative Treatment of Lumber (2017) Fiberglass Pultruded Structural Products for Use in Cooling Towers (2011) Standard for the Certification of Water Cooling Tower Thermal Performance NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA) NEMA MG 1 NEMA MG 11 (2016; SUPP 2016) Motors and Generators (1977; R 2012) Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Single Phase Motors NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) NFPA 214 (2016) Standard on Water-Cooling Towers NFPA 70 (2017; ERTA ; TIA 17-1; TIA 17-2; TIA 17-3; TIA 17-4; TIA 17-5; TIA 17-6; TIA 17-7; TIA 17-8; TIA 17-9; TIA 17-10; TIA 17-11; TIA 17-12; TIA 17-13; TIA 17-14) National Electrical Code SECTION Page 6

7 REDWOOD INSPECTION SERVICE (RIS) OF THE CALIFORNIA REDWOOD ASSOCIATION (CRA) RIS Grade Use (1998) Redwood Lumber Grades and Uses SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL (SAE) SAE J534 (2015) Lubrication Fittings UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL) UL 723 (2008; Reprint Dec 2017) Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials WESTERN WOOD PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION (WWPA) WWPA G-5 (2017) Western Lumber Grading Rules 1.2 SUBMITTALS NOTE: Review Submittal Description (SD) definitions in Section SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required for the project. The Guide Specification technical editors have designated those items that require Government approval, due to their complexity or criticality, with a "G." Generally, other submittal items can be reviewed by the Contractor's Quality Control System. Only add a "G" to an item, if the submittal is sufficiently important or complex in context of the project. For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G" designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force, and NASA projects. Use the "S" classification only in SD-11 Closeout Submittals. The "S" following a submittal item indicates that the submittal is required for the Sustainability enotebook to fulfill federally mandated sustainable requirements in accordance with Section SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING. Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose the second bracketed SECTION Page 7

8 item for Army projects. Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are [for Contractor Quality Control approval.][for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submittals with an "S" are for inclusion in the Sustainability enotebook, in conformance with Section SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING. Submit the following in accordance with Section SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES: SD-03 Product Data Cooling Towers; G[, [ ]] Posted Instructions; G[, [ ]] Demonstrations; G[, [ ]] Verification of Dimensions; G[, [ ]] Remote Evaporatively-Cooled Condensers SD-06 Test Reports [ Packaged Cooling Tower - Installation Instructions; G[, [ ]] ][ Field-Erected Cooling Tower - Installation Instructions; G[, [ ]] ][ Packaged Cooling Tower - Field Acceptance Test Plan; G[, [ ]] ][ Field-Erected Cooling Tower - Field Acceptance Test Plan; G[, [ ]] ][ Packaged Cooling Tower - Field Acceptance Test Report; G[, [ ]] ][ Field-Erected Cooling Tower - Field Acceptance Test Report; G[, [ ]] ] SD-07 Certificates Service Organization Cooling Tower Remote Evaporatively-Cooled Condensers SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions [ Packaged Cooling Tower - Installation Instructions ][ Field-Erected Cooling Tower - Installation Instructions ] Remote Evaporatively-Cooled Condensers SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data SECTION Page 8

9 Operation and Maintenance Manuals Remote Evaporatively-Cooled Condensers SD-11 Closeout Submittals Energy Efficient Equipment for Cooling Towers; S 1.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS NOTE: Catwalk, ladder and guardrail may be required. If so, select the applicable item and delete the others and indicate on drawings the selected item. If not applicable, delete the entire sentence within the brackets. Exposed moving parts, parts that produce high operating temperature, parts which may be electrically energized, and parts that may be a hazard to operating personnel must be insulated, fully enclosed, guarded, or fitted with other types of safety devices. Safety devices must be installed so that proper operation of equipment is not impaired. Welding and cutting safety requirements must be in accordance with AWS Z49.1. [[Catwalk,] [ladder,] [and guardrail] must be provided where indicated and in accordance with[ Section MISCELLANEOUS METAL FABRICATIONS][ Section METAL LADDERS][ Section METAL RAILINGS][ Section METAL STAIRS].] 1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING Stored items must be protected from the weather, humidity and temperature variations, dirt and dust, or other contaminants. Proper protection and care of all material both before and during installation shall be the Contractor's responsibility. Any materials found to be damaged shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense. During installation, piping and similar openings must be capped to keep out dirt and other foreign matter. 1.5 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS Verification of Dimensions The Contractor shall become familiar with all details of the work, verify all dimensions in the field, and advise the Contracting Officer of any discrepancy before performing any work Drawings Because of the small scale of the drawings, it is not possible to indicate all offsets, fittings, and accessories that may be required. The Contractor must carefully investigate the plumbing, fire protection, electrical, structural and finish conditions that would affect the work to be performed and must arrange such work accordingly, furnishing required offsets, fittings, and accessories to meet such conditions. SECTION Page 9

10 PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 PRODUCT SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA For products in this section, where applicable and to extent allowed by performance criteria, provide and document the following: Energy Efficient Equipment for Cooling Towers Provide cooling towers with a CTI certified thermal performance in accordance with CTI Std-201, otherwise verify thermal performance by field testing according to the requirements of CTI ATC STANDARD COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS Materials and equipment must be standard commercial catalogued products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacturing of such products, which are of a similar material, design and workmanship. The standard products must have been in satisfactory commercial or industrial use in field service for two years prior to bid opening. The two year use must include applications of equipment and materials under similar circumstances and of similar size. Products having less than a two year field service record will be acceptable if a certified record of satisfactory field operation, for not less than 6000 hours exclusive of the manufacturer's factory tests, can be shown. This 6000 hour record must not include any manufacturer's prototype or factory testing. Records of satisfactory field use must be completed by a product that had been, and presently is, sold, or offered for sale on a commercial market through the following copyrighted means: advertisements, manufacturer's catalogs, or brochures. Products must be supported by a service organization. System components must be environmentally suitable for the indicated locations. 2.3 MANUFACTURER'S STANDARD NAMEPLATES Major equipment including cooling towers, cooling tower gear drive assemblies, fans, and motors must have the manufacturer's name, address, type or style, model or serial number, and catalog number on a plate secured to the item of equipment. Plates must be durable and legible throughout equipment life. Plates must be fixed in prominent locations. 2.4 ELECTRICAL WORK NOTE: Where motor starters for mechanical equipment are provided in motor-control centers, the references to motor starters will be deleted. Show the electrical characteristics, motor starter type(s), enclosure type, and maximum rpm on the drawings in the equipment schedules. Where reduced-voltage motor starters are recommended by the manufacturer or required otherwise, specify and coordinate the type(s) required in Section INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Reduced voltage starting is required when full voltage starting will interfere with other electrical equipment and circuits and when recommended by the manufacturer. Where adjustable speed drives (ASD) SECTION Page 10

11 are specified, reference Section VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE SYSTEMS UNDER 600 VOLTS. The methods for calculating the economy of using an adjustable speed drive is described in UFC , "Interior Electrical Systems". a. Provide motors, controllers, integral disconnects, contactors, and controls with their respective pieces of equipment, except controllers indicated as part of motor control centers. Provide electrical equipment, including motors and wiring, as specified in Section INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Manual or automatic control and protective or signal devices required for the operation specified and control wiring required for controls and devices specified, but not shown, must be provided. For packaged equipment, the manufacturer must provide controllers including the required monitors and timed restart. b. For single-phase motors, provide high-efficiency type, fractional-horsepower alternating-current motors, including motors that are part of a system, in accordance with NEMA MG 11. c. For polyphase motors, provide squirrel-cage medium induction motors, including motors that are part of a system, and that meet the efficiency ratings for premium efficiency motors in accordance with NEMA MG 1. NOTE: Bracketed sentence "Motor bearings..." to be used for Army projects only. d. Provide motors in accordance with NEMA MG 1 and of sufficient size to drive the load at the specified capacity without exceeding the nameplate rating of the motor. Motors must be rated for continuous duty with the enclosure specified. Motor duty requirements must allow for maximum frequency start-stop operation and minimum encountered interval between start and stop. Motor torque must be capable of accelerating the connected load within 20 seconds with 80 percent of the rated voltage maintained at motor terminals during one starting period. Provide motor starters complete with thermal overload protection and other necessary appurtenances. [Motor bearings must be fitted with grease supply fittings and grease relief to outside of the enclosure.] Motor enclosure type may be either TEAO or TEFC. e. [Where two-speed motors are indicated, variable-speed controllers may be provided to accomplish the same function.][use adjustable frequency drives for all variable-speed motor applications.] Provide variable frequency drives for motors as specified in Section VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE SYSTEMS UNDER 600 VOLTS. f. Provide inverter duty premium efficiency motors for use with variable frequency drives. SECTION Page 11

12 2.5 COOLING TOWER MATERIALS Lumber Douglas Fir CTI ESG-114, WWPA G-5, Grade B and better, Industrial Clear. Douglas fir must have a preservative treatment in accordance with CTI Std Plywood CTI STD-134, Exterior Grade, type and thickness as specified for the application Pressure Treated Lumber Pressure treated lumber must be in accordance with CTI Std-112. Wood exposed as the result of notching, cutting, or drilling must be saturated with the preservative Redwood CTI Std-103, RIS Grade Use California Redwood, clear of all hearts Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) FRP components must be inert, corrosion resistant, and fire-retardant with a thickness of 3.66 kg per square meter 12 ounces per square foot. FRP components must contain an ultraviolet (UV) ray inhibitor as per CTI Std-137, Grade 1 or 3. Components manufactured of polystyrene will not be permitted Zinc-Coated Steel Components fabricated of zinc-coated steel must be not lighter than 16 gauge mm inch steel, protected against corrosion by a zinc coating. The zinc coating must conform to ASTM A653/A653M, as applicable and have an extra heavy coating of not less than 760g per square meter 2.35 ounces per square foot of surface. Galvanized surfaces damaged due to welding must be coated with zinc rich coating conforming to ASTM D520, Type Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Formed Sheets ASTM D1784, Type I, Grade 1 with a flame spread rating in accordance with ASTM E84, Class A High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Components manufactured from HDPE must be seamless with a minimum thickness of 10 mm inch. The material must have the appropriate inhibitors to protect the component from any UV degradation. Tanks and cooling tower shells must be seamlessly molded to minimize water loss/consumption Stainless Steel Sheets Type [304][316]. NOTE: Designer should consider location SECTION Page 12

13 (non-coastal, coastal, extremely corrosive areas) when specifying corrosion protection. Additional lead time and cost may be a factor. Designer must consult local review team for guidance on corrosion protection Concrete Concrete must conform to Section CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE. Exposed concrete must be rub-finished for smooth and uniform surfaces free of form marks and defects. Honeycomb concrete will not be permitted Hardware Bolts must be cadmium-plated, zinc-coated steel, or Type 304 stainless steel. Each bolt must be provided with neoprene and cadmium-plated steel washers under the heads. Nails must be silicon bronze, commercial bronze, or stainless steel. Hardware must meet the salt-spray fog test as defined by ASTM B117. Angle brackets and similar parts must be zinc-coated steel. Zinc coatings must conform to ASTM A153/A153M and [ASTM A123/A123M], as applicable, and must have an extra heavy coating of not less than 760g per square meter 2.35 ounces per square foot of surface. Nails must be silicon bronze, commercial bronze, or stainless steel. Subject hardware to a salt-spray fog test in accordance with ASTM B117. No signs of corrosion must be evident after 1,000 hours continuous exposure to a 5 percent salt spray. 2.6 COOLING TOWERS Factory Assembled Towers Description The cooling tower must be of the [induced mechanical draft][ or forced mechanical draft] type. The cooling tower must include frames and casings, louvers, drift eliminators, partitions, windbreak baffles, drift-check walls, cold water basin equipment, fans and fan walls, blowers, drives, electric motors, access doors, [working platforms,] inspection plates, and panels Construction Tower must be constructed to withstand a wind pressure of not less than 1.44 kilopascal (kpa) 30 psf on any external surface. Fan deck must be constructed to withstand a live load of not less than 2.87 kpa 60 psf in addition to the concentrated or distributed loads of equipment mounted on the fan deck. [A 15 percent increased loading must be included for ice or snow load.] The hot water distribution system must be of the open basin gravity feed type or the pressurized spray header type design Tower Frame and Louvers Provide frame constructed from [galvanized steel][ ]. Intermediate structural members must be provided for rigidity and support of casings, louvers, fill, distribution systems, fan decks, and other equipment. Inlet air louvers must permit free air passage but no splashout, and must be SECTION Page 13

14 designed to prevent debris and sunlight from entering the cold water basin. [ Air Inlet And Discharge Connections On forced draft centrifugal type units, the air inlet and discharge connections must have flanged or lipped projections for connecting to ductwork. ] Fill The fill must support expected loads without sag or failure and arranged to effectively break up the water. The fill must be manufactured and performance tested by the cooling tower manufacturer. The fill must be of the materials as specified. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fill is suitable for inlet temperatures to 51.7 degrees C 125 degrees F on cross flow type units and temperatures to 54.4 degrees C 130 degrees F on counterflow type units. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride(cpvc) fill must be used for applications where inlet temperatures are greater than 54.4 degrees C 130 degrees F. Fill must be in accordance with ASTM E84, Class A Drift Eliminators Provide drift eliminator sections designed and arranged to effectively trap water droplets entrained in the discharge airstream. Sections must be assembled in easily removable sections for [forced mechanical drift tower ][and][counterflow induced mechanical draft tower]. Drift eliminators must be constructed of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in accordance with ASTM E84, Class A Cold Water Basin Equipment. NOTE: Choose galvanized steel, except in corrosive environments, choose Type 304 stainless steel. Include [galvanized steel] [Type 304 stainless steel] sump with stainless steel removable screen and vortex breaker, float valves, and necessary pipe connections and fittings within the tower. [Provide float valves with adjustable arms. Valve sizes larger than 13 mm 1/2 inch pipe size must be the balanced piston type. Valve seats and disks must be replaceable. ] [Electronic water level control must be provided.] Provide cold water basins and casings suitably sealed and flashed at joints and connections to ensure watertight construction Electric Basin Heater Heater must be the electric immersion type with water-tight junction boxes mounted in the basin with sufficient capacity to maintain the basin water temperature above 12.8 degrees C 55 degrees F at an ambient temperature of 4.4 degrees C 40 degrees F. Heater must be complete with control thermostat, transformer, contactor, and low water level heater protection. NOTE: Designer should consider reduced maintenance requirements associated with direct drive assemblies. SECTION Page 14

15 Fans, Blowers, and Drives. The towers must have axial propeller-type fans having not less than four aluminum alloy or glass-reinforced polypropylene blades or squirrel-cage, centrifugal-type blowers, as applicable. Fans and blowers must be designed and constructed to withstand 50 percent overspeed above normal maximum operating speeds. If belt drives are utilized, multi-grooved solid back single belt design must be used to avoid uneven belt stretch. Adjustment must be provided for belt tension and drive centers. Belt drives must be designed and constructed for 150 percent overload. Sheaves located in the airstream must be corrosion-resistant material. Shafting for gear drives must have flexible-type couplings requiring no lubrication. The gear assemblies must be enclosed in an oil filled housing provided with fill and drain plugs Tower Piping Piping must be schedule 40 PVC and conform to ASTM D2996. Fittings for other piping materials must be of the same material or equal and of the same class and grade as the pipe Electric Motors Requirements are specified in paragraph ELECTRICAL WORK. [ Vibration Cutout Switch. Provide [mechanical vibration cutout switch] [electronic vibration cutout switch with auxiliary contacts] in a protected position and most effective location, interlocked with the fan wiring to electrically open the motor circuit under excessive fan vibration. ] Performance The factory assembled tower must have Cooling Tower Institute certification that, in accordance with CTI Std-201, the cooling tower will perform thermally at the rating published by the tower manufacturer in his copyrighted literature Sound Power Level Sound power levels, in decibels (db)with a reference pressure of microbars, of the cooling tower must be not greater than the maximum permitted db levels for the designated octave band as set forth in Table I or Table II. The sound power level data for the cooling tower must have been verified in tests conducted in accordance with ASA S1.13. Table I. Sound Power Level For Induced Mechanical Draft Type Octave Band (Hz) Sound Power Level (db) SECTION Page 15

16 Table II. Sound Power Level For Forced Mechanical Draft Type Octave Band (Hz) Sound Power Level (db) NOTE: The numbers shown in Tables I & II are ranges of acceptable/recommended sound power levels Drift Loss Drift loss must be not greater than percent of the water circulated Lubrication The lubricating points must be extended to the outside of the unit for easy accessibility. Hydraulic lubrication fittings must be in accordance with SAE J534. Where use of high pressure lubricating equipment, 6894 kpa 1000 psi or higher, will damage grease seals or other parts, a suitable warning must be affixed to the equipment in a conspicuous location Factory Finish System NOTE: Galvanized metal is the standard finish for most manufacturers. Provide finish systems with 3,000 hour salt spray compliance for sea coast installations [Factory painting system] [Galvanized metal] must have been proven to withstand 125 hours in a salt-spray fog test, except that equipment located outdoors must withstand 500 hours in a salt-spray fog test. Equipment located in a sea coast environment must withstand 3,000 hours in a salt-spray fog test. Salt-spray fog test must be in accordance with ASTM B117. For salt-spray fog test, the acceptance criteria must be as follows: immediately after completion of the test, the paint must show no signs of blistering, wrinkling, or cracking, and no loss of adhesion; and the specimen must show no signs of rust creepage beyond 3 mm inch on either side of the scratch mark. The film thickness of the factory painting system applied on the equipment must not be less than the film thickness used on the test specimen. If manufacturer's standard factory painting system is being proposed for use on surfaces subject to temperatures above 50 degrees C 120 degrees F, the factory painting system must be designed for the temperature service and must have been proven to pass the specified salt-spray test. [2.6.4 Field-Assembled Cooling Towers Factory fabricated, factory-assembled towers which are shipped to the job site in separate cells or modules must be provided with all appropriate manufacturer's hardware for assembly in the field. Factory fabricated, SECTION Page 16

17 field-assembled towers must be assembled and adjusted at the job site by a factory representative Framework, Casing, and Supports NOTE: Packaged type cooling towers are typically constructed to withstand a 1.4 kpa (30 psf) windload. Towers must be designed and constructed to withstand a wind pressure of not less than [1.4] [ ] kpa [30] [ ] pound-force per square foot (psf) on external surfaces. [A 15 percent increased loading must be included for ice or snow load.] [Air inlet and discharge terminations must have flanged or lipped projections for connecting ductwork.] Framework, structural supports, and equipment supports must be [zinc-coated steel,] [Type 304 stainless steel,] [air-entrained concrete] [FRP,] [or] [lumber]. Casing (exterior enclosing walls) must be constructed of [zinc-coated steel] [Type 304 stainless steel] [air-entrained concrete] [FRP] [or] [lumber]. Framework design for wood towers must conform to requirements of CTI Std-103 for redwood construction and CTI ESG-114 for Douglas fir construction. Notching structural wood members may be permissible only if the members are increased proportionately in size to provide equivalent strength. Materials provided for framework, casings and equipment supports must be compatible. Structural supports must be provided in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the tower unless otherwise indicated. [Cold-pour concrete joints in vertical walls must have a continuous water-stop stripping of molded polyvinyl plastic ( 150 mm 6 inch dumbbell).] Foundations NOTE: For the design of a tower foundation, indicate the location, the size, the reinforcement requirements, etc. necessary for a cooling tower available from three commonly known manufacturers. For small retrofit type jobs the designer may choose to show the general layout of the foundation and rely on the Contractor to design and construct the foundation based on the cooling tower to be provided. Delete the last two sentences of the paragraph if the foundation is not to be designed by the Contractor. Cooling tower foundations must meet the requirements of the cooling tower manufacturer and wind and seismic loads, wind and seismic loads and be as indicated. Foundation design must be based on the load conditions and soil bearing value indicated. Foundation calculations must be submitted with the equipment drawings Stairways and Ladders Provide stairs, 60-degree ship ladders or straight-rung ladders of standard design, starting at [ground] [roof] level and extending as high as required to gain access to fan decks and water distribution systems. Stairways and ladders must be hot-dip, zinc-coated steel. Ladders higher than 3.66 meters 12 feet must have a safety cage. SECTION Page 17

18 Hand Railings Steel hand railings must be not less than 1067 mm 42 inches high around the exterior of each working surface that is 3.66 m 12 feet or more above the ground, roof, or other supporting construction. Railings must be not smaller than 32 mm 1-1/4 inch zinc-coated steel pipe with standard zinc-coated steel railing Access Doors Each tower must be provided with access doors at grade level to provide entry to the interior for service maintenance without removal of the fill. Doors must be provided on each endwall of each cooling tower cell. Frame and brace access doors to prevent damage when opening and closing. Doors must be located adjacent to float controls Louvers Air inlets for each cooling tower must be provided with individually removable louvers arranged to prevent the escape of water. Louvers must be constructed of [PVC] [fiberglass reinforced polyester] [zinc-coated steel] [Type 304 stainless steel] [FRP] [lumber]. Materials provided for casings and louvers must be compatible; one material must not produce stains upon the other. Louvers constructed of lumber must be of a thickness to withstand alternate wetting and drying without cracking or splitting. Air intakes must be provided with 25 mm 1 inch zinc-coated steel mesh Fan Deck and Cylinder Each fan must be mounted in a fan cylinder (or stack) to elevate the fan discharge air. Total extension height must not exceed the fan diameter. Each fan cylinder must be provided with a zinc-coated steel, 12 gauge mm inch wire mesh securely mounted to the top of the cylinder in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Fan decks must be designed to withstand a live load of not less than [1.9] [2.9] kpa [40] [60] psf in addition to the concentrated or distributed loads of equipment mounted on the fan decks. [Fan deck and cylinders must be constructed of zinc-coated steel, lumber, Type 304 stainless steel, or FRP and be compatible with the entire tower construction.] [Fan deck must be constructed of precast, reinforced lightweight concrete, in multiple sections, forming a complete, vibration-free base for mounting fan, speed reducer, drive shaft, motor, and fan stacks. Fan cylinders (or stacks) must be constructed of precast, reinforced lightweight concrete in multiple sections, constrained with bands of zinc-coated steel conforming to ASTM A123/A123M, not less than 3 by 75 mm 1/8 by 3 inches, and bolted to form a compressive load on stack perimeter. Fan cylinder must be secured in place on the fan deck with Class A mortar.] Fans NOTE: When the density of the ambient air to be handled by the fans differs substantially from the density of the standard air value of 1.2 kg per cubic m (0.075 pound per cubic foot) at 21 degrees C (70 degrees F) and 101 kpa (29.92 inches mercury), the density of the air and/or the elevation above mean sea level will be shown on the drawings. SECTION Page 18

19 Fans must be the [centrifugal] [or] [adjustable-pitch propeller] type, constructed of zinc-coated steel, Type 304 stainless steel, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or FRP. Propeller type fans must have a maximum tip speed of 330 m/minute 10,800 fpm. Fan blade assembly must be both statically and dynamically balanced after assembly of the cooling tower. Fan hub must be constructed of [zinc-coated steel] [stainless steel] [cast aluminum] with adequate surface protection against corrosion. Complete fan assembly (fan and mounting) must be designed to give maximum fan efficiency and long life when handling saturated air at high velocities. Each cooling tower fan must be provided with a ball and pedestal type vibration limit switch which must stop the corresponding fan motor in the event of sensing excessive fan vibration Speed Reducers Gears and Drive Shaft NOTE: Double reduction gear reducer should be considered where low noise requirement is a factor. Speed reducer gears must be rated in accordance with CTI STD-111. Gear reducers must be of the [spiral bevel, single reduction] [spiral or helical, double reduction] type. Reducer must be mounted in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Each reducer must be provided with an oil level cutoff switch interlocked to the fan motor. Each reducer must be provided with an oil level sight glass, fill, drain, and vent lines located in a readily accessible position. Drive shafts must be the full floating type with flexible couplings at both ends and have a service factor of 1.0 or greater. Drive shafts must be of stainless steel, fitted each end with flexible couplings (stainless steel plate type). Each drive shaft must be provided with a galvanized steel guard, to prevent damage to surrounding equipment in case of shaft failure. Provision must be made for lubrication of all bearings. Bearings must be accessible to the extent that each bearing can be lubricated without dismantling fan Electric Motors NOTE: Delete the last sentence if inapplicable. Consider the following for energy efficiency in cooling towers: Induced draft fans, VFD's and designing to 0.4 percent wet bulb temperature. Each motor must be a [single speed] [two speed] [variable speed], totally enclosed, insulation Class B, NEMA Design B, continuous-rated type which conforms to NEMA MG 1. Motors must have [open] [dripproof] [totally enclosed] [explosion proof] enclosures and be located outside the discharge airstream. Motors must be mounted according to manufacturer's recommendations. [Two-speed motors must have a single winding with variable torque characteristics. ][Motors for variable speed application must be inverter-duty type. ]Motors must be provided specifically for either pump or fan application and must comply with the requirements of paragraph ELECTRICAL WORK. SECTION Page 19

20 Cold Water Basin NOTE: Choose zinc-coated steel, except in corrosive environments, choose Type 304 stainless steel or FRP. Basin must be completely watertight and constructed of [zinc-coated steel] [Type 304 stainless steel] [FRP]. Basin must be constructed and installed to ensure that air will not be entrained in outlets when operating and no water will overflow on shutdown. Each individual sump must be provided with an individual outlet. Each outlet must be provided with a 13 mm 1/2 inch stainless steel wire mesh, securely mounted to prevent trash from entering the outlet. Each basin must be provided with overflow and drain valve connections. Each basin must be provided with a float-controlled, makeup water valve as indicated. The makeup water must discharge not less than 50 mm 2 inches or two pipe diameters, whichever is greater, above the top of the basin Electric Basin Heater Heater must be the electric immersion type with water-tight junction boxes mounted in the basin with sufficient capacity to maintain the basin water temperature above 4.4 degrees C 40 degrees F at an ambient temperature of [ ] degrees C degrees F. Heater must be complete with control thermostat, transformer, contactor, and low water level heater protection Hot Water Distribution System NOTE: The gravity-flow type distribution system will be the system of choice. Pressurized-flow type systems will typically only be specified for field-erected, counterflow type towers Piping connecting to a cooling tower will be externally supported, independent of the tower structure and piping. Water distribution must be the [gravity-flow] [pressurized-flow] type system which distributes waters evenly over the entire fill surface. Each tower cell must be designed so that a water flow of 140 percent capacity will not cause overflowing or splashing. The distribution system for each cell must include adjustable flow control valves. The entire distribution system must be self-draining and nonclogging. Piping must be either cast iron, ductile iron, threaded-glass-fiber reinforced epoxy pipe, polypropylene, PVC or Schedule 80 black steel. a. Gravity-Flow System: System must be provided with open basins which include a splash box or baffles to minimize splashing of incoming hot water and holes that evenly distribute the water over the entire decking area. Holes used in a water basin must be provided with ceramic or plastic orifice inserts. b. Pressurized-Flow System: System must include piping, fittings, branches, and spray nozzles. Spray nozzles must be schedule 40 PVC. Nozzles must be cleanable, nonclogging, removable, and spaced for even SECTION Page 20

21 distribution. c. Basin Cover: Hot water distribution basins must be provided with the tower manufacturer's standard removable, [zinc-coated galvanized steel] [304 stainless steel] [FRP] covers. Covers must prevent airborne debris from entering the basin. ]2.6.5 Drift Eliminators NOTE: Per ASHRAE 189.1, (b), as invoked from UFC , cooling towers must be equipped with efficient drift eliminators that achieve drift reduction to a maximum of percent if the recirculated water volume for counterflow towers and percent of the recirculated water flow for cross-flow towers. Delete the last set of bracketed sentences if a field-erected type tower is not specified. Eliminators must be provided in the tower outlet to limit drift loss to not over [0.005] percent of the circulating water rate. Eliminators must be constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).[ Eliminators sections must be supported on PVC or FRP tee sections. Tee sections must be suspended with 6.35 mm 1/4 inch brass rods connected to stainless steel clips embedded in the bottom side of the roof deck at the time of casting. Stainless steel clips must be supplied by cooling tower manufacturer for installation by Contractor at time of roof deck pour. Eliminators may be supported by brass or stainless steel suspension rods from the fan deck or supported directly on concrete beams.] Cold Water Basin Equipment. Include sump with removable screen and vortex breaker, float valves, and necessary pipe connections and fittings within the tower. Provide float valves with adjustable arms. Valve sizes larger than 13 mm 1/2 inch pipe size must be the balanced piston type. Valve seats and disks must be replaceable. [Electric water level control must be provided.] Provide cold water basins and casings suitably sealed and flashed at joints and connections to ensure watertight construction Fill (Heat Transfer Surface) NOTE: Typically, both the splash or film type tower fill will be allowed. Film type fill will not be allowed where there is a highly likely possibility that the circulating water will become contaminated with debris (leaves, etc.). Debris in the circulating water will significantly impact the efficiency of a tower with film type fill because of the close spacing of the film material. Note that hot water distribution basin covers will typically prevent most debris from every getting to the fill material. SECTION Page 21

22 The most predominant fill material is PVC formed sheets. PVC formed sheets, zinc-coated steel, or lumber will be the typical choices for fill material. Aluminum and/or stainless steel fill will only be specified where either high inlet water temperatures or fireproof construction are concerns. PVC formed sheets will not be provided when the inlet water temperature exceeds 125 degrees F. Tile file will only be considered on field-erected type towers where economically justified. Delete the bracketed sentences at the end of the paragraph if tile type fill material is not specified. Tower fill must be the [splash] [or] [film] type. Fill material must be free to expand or contract without warping or cracking. No plasticized wood cellulose must be provided for fill material. Fill must be removable or otherwise made accessible for cleaning. Space supports must be corrosion resistant and must prevent warping, sagging, misalignment, or vibration of the fill material. Fill material and supports must be designed to provide for an even mixing of air and water. Fill material must be constructed of [aluminum] [stainless steel] [tile of multi-cell design, set without mortar] [PVC formed sheets, zinc-coated steel, or lumber] in a pattern, and of sufficient height to meet the performance specifications. [Tile fill must be vitreous, with a low water absorption that will pass a freeze-thaw test conducted in accordance with ASTM C67. Tile fill must have a minimum crushing strength of 13.8 MPa 2,000 psi over the gross area of the tile when the load is applied parallel to the cells as tested in accordance with ASTM C67. Cast iron tee section lintels supporting the tile fill must conform to ASTM A48/A48M, Class 25, 3.2 mm 1/8 inch additional thickness for corrosion. Lintels must be designed with a safety factor of 2 minimum.] Fire Safety NOTE: Locate the tower in accordance with NFPA 214, and determine the extent and type of fire protection required for all size towers using the factors indicated in NFPA 214. Towers must conform to NFPA 214. Fire hazard rating for plastic impregnated materials must not exceed 25. Plastics must not drip or run during combustion. Fire hazard ratings must be in accordance with ASTM E84, Class A and UL 723. [2.6.9 Meters and Controls Tower must be provided with makeup and blowdown meters, conductivity controller, and overflow alarm. ]2.7 REMOTE EVAPORATIVELY-COOLED CONDENSERS Condenser must be rated and tested in accordance with the requirements of ASHRAE 64. Condenser must include fans, water pump with suction strainer, SECTION Page 22

23 electric motor and drive equipment, water eliminators if required, condensing coil, liquid receiver if required, water pan or sump, spray nozzles or water-distribution pan, water strainer, water make-up assembly, bleeder with flow valve of the needle valve type sized for the flow required or a fixed orifice, enclosure with suitable access doors, and air-inlet and outlet openings. No water may carry over into the unit discharge outlet. NOTE: Standard casing construction is galvanized steel. For excessively corrosive atmospheres, Type 304 stainless steel should be considered Condenser Casing Enclosure must be constructed of not lighter than 18 gauge mm inch[ hot-dip galvanized steel][ 304 stainless steel], reinforced and braced. Access doors or panels suitably sized and located must be provided for access to water nozzles or distribution pan, coils, and valves for cleaning, repair, or removal of the item. Access doors or panels must be gasketed with synthetic rubber, or equivalent gasket material, and locked in place with thumb screws or catches. One-half inch mesh hot-dip galvanized steel or copper air-inlet screens must be provided on each air inlet Refrigerant Section Condenser coil must be constructed of unfinned copper or steel tubes hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. The receiver must be welded steel and must be fitted and tested in accordance with ANSI/AHRI 495. A refrigerant charging valve must be installed in the liquid line between the receiver cut-off valve and the expansion device. Refrigerant section must be tested in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 15 & 34 for the refrigerant employed in the system Fans Fans must be centrifugal or propeller type as best suited for the application. Fans must be direct or V-belt driven. Belt drives must be completely enclosed within the unit casing or equipped with a guard. When belt drive is provided, an adjustable sheave to furnish not less than 20 percent fan-speed adjustment must be provided. Sheave set must be matched and selected to provide the capacity indicated at the approximate midpoint of the adjustment. Fans must be statically and dynamically balanced. Fan motor must be totally enclosed type or open drip-proof and located within an enclosure to be fully protected from the weather Water Section Water eliminators must be constructed of nonferrous metal, of an approved nonmetallic material, or of not lighter than 24 gauge mm inch steel, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. Spray nozzles must be brass non-clogging type designed to permit easy disassembly, and must be arranged for easy access. Water pump must be bronze-fitted centrifugal or turbine type, and may be mounted as an integral part of the evaporative condenser or remotely on a separate mounting pad. Pump suction must be fully submerged and provided with screened inlet. Water pan or sump must be constructed of not lighter than 14 gauge mm inch steel, SECTION Page 23

24 hot-dip galvanized after fabrication, or molded acid-resistant glass-fiber-reinforced polyester. Water distribution pan must be constructed of not lighter than 16 gauge mm inch steel, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. Joints must be watertight. Water pan or sump must be provided with drain, overflow, and make-up water connection with stop valve and float valve. A bleed line with a flow valve of the needle type sized for the flow required or fixed orifice must be provided in the pump discharge line and must be extended to the nearest drain for continuous discharge. 2.8 FABRICATION NOTE: For equipment to be installed outdoors, adequate protection will be specified. Manufacturers must submit evidence that unit specimen have passed the specified salt spray fog test. A 500 hour test will be specified in a non corrosive environment. A 3,000 hour test will be specified for sea coast environments. Equipment and component items, must have been proven to withstand 125 hours in a salt-spray fog test, except that equipment located outdoors must withstand 500 hours in a salt-spray fog test. Equipment located in a sea coast environment must withstand 3,000 hours in a salt-spray fog test. Salt-spray fog test must be in accordance with ASTM B117. Cut edges of galvanized surfaces where hot-dip galvanized sheet steel is used must be coated with a zinc-rich coating conforming to ASTM D520, Type I. 2.9 SUPPLEMENTAL COMPONENTS/SERVICES Condenser Water Piping and Accessories Condenser water piping and accessories must be provided and installed in accordance with Section CHILLED, CHILLED-HOT, AND CONDENSER WATER PIPING SYSTEMS Cooling Tower Water Treatment Systems Cooling tower water treatment systems must be provided and installed in accordance with Section CHILLED, CHILLED-HOT AND CONDENSER WATER PIPING SYSTEMS Temperature Controls NOTE: Modify this paragraph as required to coordinate the central equipment controls with the cooling tower system controls. In projects where this section of the specifications is intended to produce control equipment for existing systems, this paragraph will be rewritten to properly integrate the specified controls into the existing temperature control system. A sequence of control, a schematic of controls, and a ladder diagram should be included on the drawings for each cooling tower fan, chilled water pump, SECTION Page 24