INSTALLATION STANDARD FOR CPVC SOLVENT CEMENTED HOT AND COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IAPMO IS

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1 INSTALLATION STANDARD FOR CPVC SOLVENT CEMENTED HOT AND COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IAPMO IS Scope. 1.1 This standard shall govern the installation of CPVC piping (IPS pipe and SDR-11 tubing) in potable hot and cold water distributing systems within buildings. (For allowable locations and pressure, see Sections and 2.9.4) Installation, material and inspection shall comply with the current edition of the UPC [UPC] TM, published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, and shall also comply with this standard. Note: The following sections of the Uniform Plumbing Code apply to CPVC IPS piping and SDR-11 tubing Inspections Minimum Standards Workmanship Prohibited Fittings and Practices Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures Hangers and Supports Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution Plastic Pipe to Other Materials Chapter 2* Definitions CPVC Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Pipe or tubing - Pipe or Piping includes both pipe and piping, unless specified as IPS Pipe or tubing. Table ASTM D 2846 ASTM F 441 ASTM F 438 ASTM F 439 Referenced Standards Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot and Cold Water Distribution System Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings Schedule 40 Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings Schedule 80 ASTM F 493 Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings Abbreviations. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by IAPMO 1.2 Special Requirements for CPVC Installation within Residential Structures. [HCD 1] In addition to the other requirements in the California Plumbing Code and this Appendix for the installation of CPVC Solvent Cemented Hot and Cold Water Distributions Systems, all installations of CPVC pipe within residential structures shall meet the following: Flushing Procedures. All installations of CPVC pipe within residential structures shall be flushed twice over a period of at least one (1) week. The pipe system shall be first flushed for at least 10 minutes and then filled and allowed to stand for no less than 1 week, after which all the branches of the pipe system must be flushed long enough to fully empty the contained volume. At the time of the fill, each fixture shall have a removable tag applied stating: This new plumbing system was first filled on (date) by (name). The California Department of Housing and Community Development requires that the system be flushed after standing at least one week after the fill date specified above. If the system is used earlier than one week after the fill date, the water must be allowed to run for at least two minutes prior to use for human consumption. This tag may not be removed prior to flushing, except by the homeowner Worker Safety Measures. Mechanical ventilation sufficient to maintain exposures below the relevant exposure limits established by state regulation shall be provided in enclosed spaces. This ventilation shall be directed at the breathing zone of the worker installing the pipe. Where mechanical ventilation is not practical, respirators, suitable for organic vapors, shall be used. For the purpose of this subdivision, an enclosed space is defined as: 2013 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 485

2 (a) A space less than 100 square feet of floor area under a ceiling with a height of 10 feet or less, and which does not have openings (consisting of doors, windows, or unfinished walls) on at least two sides; (b) Crawl spaces having a height of less than three feet; (c) Enclosed attics that have a roof and ceiling; or (d) Trenches having a depth greater than 24 inches. Installers of CPVC pipe within residential structures shall use non-latex thin gauge (4 millimeters) nitrile gloves, or other gloves providing an equivalent or better degree of protection during the installation of the CPVC plumbing system. Gloves shall be provided to all workers by the contractor, or plumbing subcontractor, and shall be replaced upon contamination by cements. 2.0 Product Requirements. 2.1 Minimum Standards Materials. Materials shall comply with the following: Alternative Dot Profiles 10x Size Materials ASTM Standard Raw Material-CPVC D 1784 IPS Pipe Sch. 40 ( 1 2 in., 3 4 in. and 1 in.) F 441 (12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, and 25.4 mm) Sch. 80 ( 1 2 in. 10 in.) F 441 (12.7 mm 51 mm) Tubing SDR 11 ( 1 2 in. thru 2 in.) D 2846 (12.7 mm 51mm) Fittings Sch. 40 ( 1 2 in., 3 4 in. & 1 in.) F 438 (12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, and 25.4 mm) Sch. 80 ( 1 2 in. 10 in.) F 439 (12.7 mm 51mm) Tube Fittings ( 1 2 in. 2 in.) D 2846 (12.7 mm 51 mm) Suggested location of marking code R Method of marking (5x Size) (4 Dots) 0.015" " (0.4 mm mm) Dia. dots (4) equally spaced 1/4" (6.4 mm) Dia. 3/16" (4.8 mm) 120 o 90 o Primer. Listed primers shall be used that are compatible with the type of listed CPVC cement and pipe used. The primer shall be a true solvent for CPVC, containing no slow drying ingredient. Cleaners shall not be allowed to be used as a substitute or equivalent for a listed primer. Exception: Listed solvent cements that do not require the use of primer shall be permitted for use with CPVC pipe and fittings, manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 2846, 1 2 inch through 2 inches in diameter. Note: Manufacturer shall provide test data from an independent testing laboratory acceptable to the Administrative Authority that their CPVC pipe, together with recommended fittings has a Short Term Working Pressure (STWP) and Temperature Rating of 150 psi (1030 kpa) at 210 F (99 C) for 48 hours or more Material. Pipe and fittings are plastic and are usually light gray for IPS pipe and fittings, and tan for SDR 11 tubing and fittings. 2.2 Markings Pipe and Tubing. IPS pipe and tubing markings shall be in accordance with F 441 or D [UPC ] Fittings. Fitting markings shall be in accordance with F 438 or F 439 or D [UPC ] Note: Standard number may be omitted on smaller fittings when marked thus with four raised dots Solvent Cement. Container labeling of CPVC solvent cement shall be in accordance with F Color. Solvent cements requiring the use of a primer shall be colored orange or gray. Solvent cements that do not require the use of a primer shall be colored yellow Primer. Primer container markings shall be in accordance with F Color. Primer shall be colored so as to make its use obvious on a finished joint, but shall not be colored orange, yellow or gray Position of Markings. Identification markings shall be visible for inspection without moving materials Alignment. Piping and fittings shall be aligned properly without strain. 2.3 Protection of Materials Abrasion. Pipe or tubing passing through drilled or notched metal studs or joists or hollow shell masonry walls shall be protected from abrasion due to thermal expansion and contraction by elastomeric or plastic sleeves or grommets or other approved means CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

3 Straight runs may have protection at maximum 3 feet (915 mm) intervals. [UPC 312.0] Puncture. Steel plate protection shall be installed when required by the Administrative Authority or section of the Uniform Plumbing Code Storage and Handling. Pipe shall be stored in a way to protect it from mechanical damage (slitting, puncturing, etc.). It shall be stored under cover to keep it clean and avoid long term exposure to sunlight. Exposure to sunlight during normal construction periods is not harmful. CPVC solvent cements should be stored in a cool place except when actually in use on the job site. The solvent cement manufacturer s specific storage instruction should be followed Freezing. In areas where the system must be drained to protect it from freezing, horizontal lines shall be graded to drain Overheating: (a) Tubing shall not be positioned or closer to devices that generate heat such that the temperature around the CPVC tubing is greater than 180 F. (b) Do not apply direct flame onto CPVC Chemical Compatibility: Pipe and Fitting materials can be damaged by contact with chemicals found in some construction products. The chemical compatibility of such products with the particular pipe of fitting material must be verified prior to use. Otherwise, contact between the construction product and the pipe of fitting must be avoided. 2.4 Thermal Expansion General. Allowance for thermal expansion and contraction shall be provided by approved means. Thermal Expansion is mainly a concern on hot water lines. In vertical piping loops are not required when the temperature change (ΔT) is 120 F or less. Allowance shall be based on an expansion rate formula listed below (See Table 1) or per the manufacturer s installation instructions. = [ 3ED (ΔL) / 2S ] 1 2 ΔL = L p x C x ΔT ΔL = change in length of pipe in inches Lp = length of pipe in inches C = coefficient of thermal expansion for CPVC, 3.8 X 10-5 in/in/ F ΔT = change in temperature in F Note: Expansion rate is independent of the size of the pipe Offsets and Loops. Thermal expansion may be provided for by use of expansion loops, offsets, or changes of direction. From Table 1 determine the length L that is required. Note that L is based on length of run, diameter of pipe, and maximum temperature of water. 2.5 Clearance. Adequate clearance shall be provided between piping and structure (such as bored holes and sleeves) to allow for free longitudinal movement. 2.6 Hangers and Supports Vertical Piping. Vertical piping shall be supported at each floor or as specified by the design engineer to allow for expansion/contraction. Piping shall have a mid-story guide. [UPC 313.0] Horizontal Piping. Unless an engineered design is provided and approved by the Administrative Authority, the following provisions shall apply. Horizontal piping 1 inch (25.4 mm) or smaller shall be supported at maximum 3 foot (914 mm) intervals or per manufacturer s installation instructions. Piping inch (32 mm) or larger shall be supported at maximum 4 foot (1219 mm) intervals or per manufacturers installation instructions Hangers and Anchors. Piping shall not be anchored rigidly to a support, but rather secured with smooth hangers or straps that provide for a degree of movement and that prevent damage to the pipe. Hangers or straps with sharp or abrasive edges shall not be used. Hangers that pinch the piping shall not be used. 2.7 Solvent Cement Joints Safety Requirements and Precautions 1. (a) General. Solvents contained in CPVC plastic pipe cements are classified as airborne contaminants and flammable and combustible liquids. Precautions listed in this appendix should be followed to avoid injury to personnel and the hazard of fire. (b) Prolonged breathing of solvent vapors should be avoided. When pipe and fittings are being joined in partially enclosed areas, a ventilating device should be used in such a manner to minimize the entry of vapors into the breathing areas. (c) Solvent cements should be kept away from all sources of ignition, heat, sparks and open flame. (d) Containers for solvent cements should be kept tightly closed except when the cement is being used. (e) All rags and other materials used for mopping up spills should be kept in a safety waste receptacle which should be emptied daily. (f) Most of the solvents used in CPVC pipe cements can be considered eye irritants 2013 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 487

4 and contact with the eye should be avoided for it may cause eye injury. Proper eye protection and the use of chemical goggles or face shields are advisable where the possibility of splashing exists in handling solvent cements. In case of eye contact, flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes and call a physician immediately. (g) Repeated contact with the skin should be avoided. Proper gloves impervious to and unaffected by the solvents should be worn when frequent contact with the skin is likely. Application of the solvents or solvent cements with rags and bare hands is not recommended. Brushes and other suitable applicators can be used effectively for applying the solvent cement, thus avoiding skin contact. In the event of excessive contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water Selection. Follow the manufacturer s recommendations for type of solvent cements for such conditions as temperatures over 100 F (38 C), or humidity over 60% Handling (to maintain effectiveness). Package solvent cement in containers no larger than 1 quart (1 liter). Keep solvent cement can closed and in the shade when not in use. Keep applicator submerged in solvent cement between applications. Discard solvent cement when it thickens appreciably or gels. Solvent cement shall not be thinned Primer. A listed primer in compliance with ASTM F 656 shall be used with CPVC solvent cements that require the use of a primer. CPVC solvent cements that do not require the use of a primer are permitted for joints up to 2 inches in size Size of Applicator. Applicator should be about one half the pipe diameter. Do not use small applicator on large pipes Procedures. Step 1 Cut pipe square with, mechanical cutoff saw or tube cutter designed for plastic. Step 2 Ream and chamfer pipe (to eliminate sharp edges, beads and all burrs). Step 3 Clean all dirt, moisture and grease from pipe and fitting socket. Use a clean, dry rag. Step 4 Check dry fit of pipe in fittings. Pipe should enter fitting socket 1 4 to 3 4 of socket depth. On larger sizes of Sch. 80 fittings, a looser fit may be expected. This is a normal condition, and requires care to apply an adequate amount of cement. Step 5 Apply CPVC primer, if required (see Section 2.7.4) to inside of fitting socket. Take care to avoid puddling. Step 6 Apply CPVC primer, if required to outside surface of pipe to depth of fitting socket. Step 7 When using solvent cements requiring a primer wait until primer surface is tacky. DO NOT attempt to soften (dissolve) the surface as is required for PVC. Step 8 Apply a liberal coat of CPVC solvent cement to the outside surface of the pipe to the depth of the fitting socket. Step 9 Apply a light coat of CPVC solvent cement to inside of fitting socket. Apply a second liberal coat of cement to the pipe end. Take particular care in cementing larger sizes of Sch. 80 fittings. Be sure all surfaces are coated. Step 10 While both the inside socket surface and the outside surface of the pipe are WET with solvent cement, forcefully bottom the pipe in the socket, giving the pipe a quarter turn while inserting, if possible. Step 11 Hold the joint together for 10 to 30 seconds depending on pipe size to assure that the pipe remains bottomed against the pipe stop. Step 12 Do not disturb the joint for at least 30 minutes. Note: The joint is weak until the cement is dry. If the joint is adjusted after it is set, the joint will be ruined. See Table 2 for recommended set time. Step 13 Wipe excess cement from the pipe. A properly made joint will show a bead of cement around its entire perimeter. Any gaps may indicate insufficient cement. 1 Appendix X1. Safety Requirements And Precautions, from ASTM D Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings is reprinted with permission from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, copyright CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

5 Step 14 The system shall not be pressurized until the joints have cured (set) at least as long as recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer s recommendation is not available, the cure times outlined in Table 2 are required Prohibited Joints. Piping shall not be threaded. Female screwed fittings, with CPVC threads, shall be prohibited. Joints made with adhesives shall be prohibited Threaded Joints. When threads are required, molded male adapters shall be used Location. CPVC threaded joints shall be accessible Lubricants. Only thread tape or thread lubricant approved specifically for use with CPVC shall be used. Conventional pipe thread compounds, putty, linseed oil based products, and unknown mixtures are prohibited Tightening. Joints shall be tightened approximately turns past hand tight. CAUTION: Hand tight refers to the number of threads to reach hand tight with metal pipe. Small sizes of CPVC can be bottomed by hand pressure alone. DO NOT overtighten Special Joints Transition Joints. Transitions from CPVC tubing to metal piping and valves shall be made only with listed transition fittings suitable for that purpose. When required, the transition fittings shall be designed in such a manner that it can be anchored to a building member to prevent rotation. [UPC ] Soldering. Soldered metal joints shall not be made closer than 18 inches (457 mm) to any already installed plastic to metal adapter in the same water line Hose Bibbs. Hose bibbs shall be connected only to metal system components which are adequately anchored to the building structure. The CPVC plastic system shall terminate in wall Mechanical Joint. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions. 2.8 Pressure Relief Valves CPVC Piping. CPVC piping used for temperature and/or pressure relief valve drain lines shall be graded to the outlet end and shall be supported at 3 foot (914 mm) intervals both vertically and horizontally. CPVC can be connected directly to temperature and or pressure relief valves. 2.9 Installation, Inspection and Testing Finish Nipples. Finish nipples shall be connected to drop ear elbows or other fittings listed for preventing rotation. Finish nipples shall not be CPVC but CPVC stub outs for fixture connections shall be permitted. [UPC 609.0] Location. CPVC tubing shall not be installed so as to be subjected to direct sunlight after installation, and shall not be installed on the surface of the building unless it is protected by paint or a protective covering Water Heaters. There shall be a minimum of six (6) inches (152 mm) of metallic piping between a gas water heater connection and CPVC tubing. CPVC tubing may be installed downstream of instantaneous (coil or immersion) water heaters provided that the water heater temperature controls are maintained for maximum temperature of 180 F Under Slab. Pipe shall be installed in trench with uniform support. Trenches shall be backfilled to a depth of six (6) inches (152 mm) with clean earth, sand or other approved material which shall not contain sharp rocks, boulders, cinder fill or other materials which would damage or break the piping. Pipe shall be stubbed up and all ends shall be capped. The system shall be filled with water and all air shall be bled off. The system shall be pressure tested under a water pressure which is not less than the working pressure which is not less than the working pressure under which it is to be used for a minimum of two (2) hours. All leaks shall be corrected. Foam pipe insulation shall be installed on all stub ups to prevent damage during concrete pour and finishing Identification. A permanent sign with the legible words This building has non-metallic interior water piping shall be fastened on or inside the main electric service panel Position of Marking. When installed, piping and fittings shall be positioned so that when practical, identifying markings shall be readily visible for inspection Testing. Air testing is prohibited Sizing Method. Piping shall be sized in accordance with UPC Section When Appendix A is applicable, use Chart 1, 2, or 3 as appropriate. Flow velocities shall be limited to a maximum of 8 feet per second (2.4 m/s). See Table 3. [UPC 610.0] 2013 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 489

6 TABLE 1 CPVC Pipe SDR 11 (ASTM D 2846) Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with ΔT of approx. 80 F Length of Run in Feet Nominal Pipe Size Loop Length ( ) in inches Assume Modulus & Stress at 160 F Nominal Pipe Size CPVC Pipe SDR 11 (ASTM D 2846) Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with ΔT of approx. 100 F Length of Run in Feet Loop Length ( ) in inches Assume Modulus & Stress at 160 F Where Nominal Pipe Size CPVC Pipe Schedule 80 (ASTM F 441) Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with ΔT of approx. 80 F Length of Run in Feet Loop Length ( ) in inches Assume Modulus & Stress at 160 F = 3ED(ΔL)/2S = loop length in inches E = modulus of elasticity at maximum temperature, psi D = outside diameter of pipe, inches ΔL = change in length due to change in temperature, inches S = working stress at maximum temperature, psi Nominal Pipe Size CPVC Pipe Schedule 80 (ASTM F 441) Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with ΔT of approx. 100 F Length of Run in Feet Loop Length ( ) in inches Assume Modulus & Stress at 160 F CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

7 Example: Pipe Size 1 2 inch (12.7 mm) Length of Run 60 feet (18288 mm): (38 ) (965 mm) (from table). L/5 L/4 60' (18288 mm) Run Support Guides 2L/5 (15 1 /4") (387 mm) L/2 (19") (483 mm) L (38") (965 mm) L/5 L/5 L/4 Loop Offset Change in Direction Where = loop length in inches E = modulus of elasticity at maximum temperature, psi D = outside diameter of pipe, inches ΔL = change in length due to change in temperature, inches S = working stress at maximum temperature, psi LENGTH OF RUN (feet) THERMAL EXPANSION (inches) ΔT 80 F ΔT 100 F = [ 3ED (ΔL) / 2S ] ½ ΔL = Lp x C x ΔT ΔL = change in length of pipe in inches Lp = length of pipe in inches C = coefficient of thermal expansion for CPVC, 3.8 X 10-5 in/in/ F ΔT = change in temperature in F 2013 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 491

8 TEMPERATURE RANGE OF PIPE AND FITTINGS DURING ASSEMBLY AND CURE MINIMUM JOINT SET TIME, hrs (STEP 12) TABLE 2 JOINT CURE SCHEDULE MINIMUM CURE TIME BEFORE TESTING, hrs (STEP 14) in. ( mm) PIPE SIZE in. (32-51 mm) MINIMUM TIME BEFORE PUTTING SYSTEM INTO SERVICE AT 80 psi/160 F (71 C), hrs F C PIPE SIZE TABLE 3 8 FEET PER SECOND PIPE Sch. 40 PIPE Sch. 80 TUBING SDR 11 GPM Ft.* FV** Ft.* FV** Ft.* FV** GPM GPM FU FU FU FU FU FU * Flush Tank Fixture Units ** Flush Valve Fixture Units PIPE SIZE TABLE 3 (Metric) 2.4 METERS PER SECOND PIPE Sch. 40 PIPE Sch. 80 TUBING SDR 11 L/min Ft.* FV** Ft.* FV** Ft.* FV** L/min L/min FU FU FU FU FU FU * Flush Tank Fixture Units ** Flush Valve Fixture Units CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

9 CHART 1 Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run Plastic SDR II Tubing 150 Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run 2013 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 493

10 CHART 2 Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run Sched. 40 IPS Plastic Pipe Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

11 CHART 3 Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run Sched. 80 IPS Plastic Pipe 150 Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run 2013 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 495

12 Appendix A The following formula should be used for Schedule 80 IPS CPVC sizes 2 ½ through 10 : Head loss formula: HL = (100/C) x F R / d I Where HL = frictional head loss (feet of water per 100 feet) C = Hazen-Williams factor (150 for CPVC) F R = flow rate (gal/min) d I _= inside diameter of pipe (inches) Note: head loss in feet of water per 100 feet can be multiplied by to obtain pressure drop in psi Velocity formula: VW = FR / d I 2 Where VW = velocity of water (feet per second) ADOPTED: 1982 REVISED: 1984, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE