Place: Hotel Pullman G, Pattaya, Thailand Date: 1-5 August 2016

Transcription

1 Workshop on Establishing agricultural and Rural Survey Calendars of Bangladesh based upon Integrated Planning of Agricultural Census and Surveys Place: Hotel Pullman G, Pattaya, Thailand Date: 1-5 August 2016

2 Welcome to the Presentation on The socioeconomic survey of the Bangladesh Forest Inventory: Status of progresses and challenges

3 Content 1. Background 2. Objectives and zoning of the survey 3. Process and status of socioeconomic survey 4. Variables and indicators of the SE survey 5. Status of socioeconomic survey 6. Expectation from Agricultural census 7. Conclusion

4 1. Background Forest areas in Bangladesh Forest types Area (m. ha) % with respect to country s area ( m. ha.) area FD Managed Forest % Un-classed State Forest % Village forests (mainly homestead) % Total % Forest Department (FD) managed forest lands Forest Types Map showing forest areas in Bangladesh Hill forests Natural Mangrove forests Area (m. ha.) % with respect to country's area ( m. ha.) % % Mangrove plantations % Sal Forests % Total % Source: BFD, 2007

5 1. Background First National Forest and Tree Resources assessment (NFA) in Bangladesh conduced by Forest Department, but coastal zone was not considered for the assessment (BFD, 2007) It has been using for reporting national and international level as the existing forest and tree resources Key variables of NFA Population for tracts Main activities Product and services (at forest, cultivated and village areas) Important species Conflict Demand and supply trend Users of forestry products and services Users rights Gender balance End use Frequency of harvesting Trend of harvesting

6 1. Background BBS conducted households based forestry survey (homestead forestry) in but did not consider households benefit from natural forest resources and social forestry Major indicators Number of households having planned forest consumption of household based forestry sector Value added of household based forestry sector (million USD) Total estimated number of trees in planned forests (million no.) Average number of trees per household (number) n/userfiles/image/keyfinding/key Total quantity of wood produced (million cft) Total quantity of bamboo produced (million

7 1. Background Sundarban contributes about 41% of total forest revenue and 45% of all timber and fuel wood output of the country (FAO 1998). About 90% households use traditional stove for cooking and require around 59 Million Tons of fuel wood per year across the country (Prothom Alo, 2016). Around 44 % of biomass energy consumption in Bangladesh (Forest Master Plan, 1993) 900 Forestry products and services identified during the NFA Response numbers Source: NFA-2005-

8 1. Background Around 2% of the national labor force is employed in the forestry sector (Ministry of Finance 2004). Forest related share of GDP (%) to national economy is decreasing in trends, may be forest related services were not well reflected GDP contribution: Forest and related services 1.84 More than 60% of various forest products (timber, fuelwood, poles, plant food and construction material) are supplied by homestead agro-forests that encompass less than 2% of land of Share 1.72of GDP (%) area (Alam 2009) DHS 2014 cites percentage of households relying on wood for fuel increased from 45% in 2011 to 50% in Fiscal year (Source: BBS, 2014)

9 1. Background To conserve and expand the forest and tree resources several policies/plans have been adopted for the wellbeing of the people as well as mitigate the external effects such as climate change. Examples include: BFD, Draft National Forest Policy 2016 for comments GED, Seventh Five Year Plan FY 2016-FY2020: Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens GED, Perspective plan of Bangladesh : Making vision 2021 a reality MOEF and FAO, Bangladesh Environment, Forestry and Climate Change Investment Plan (2nd draft)

10 2. Objectives of Forest Inventory Of Bangladesh OBJECTIVES OF THE BANGLADESH FOREST INVENTORY 1. Support the implementation of national plans aimed at increasing tree and forest cover in Bangladesh; 2. Provide information on the status and trends of forest and TOF to assist national scale management planning, policy decisions and international reporting requirements including REDD+; 3. Identify links between forest resource use and forest status to assist in valuation of ecosystem services; 4. Support management objectives at sub-national level. OBJECTIVES OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY 1. To assess the contribution of forests and trees to livelihood 2. To identify the knowledge, attitude, management and practices impacting tree and forest resources 3. To explore the ways for improving forest and tree resources 4. To identify existing governance mechanism and ways for improvement 5. To analyze investment in forests and Tree outside of Forest (TOF) 6. To identify TEV (Total Economic Value) of forest and TOF and contribution to GDP 7. To identify the factors of tree and forest loss

11 2. Zoning for the Bangladesh Forest Inventory Million SAL Million Mix of protected forest and agroforestry. Many people are entirely dependent on the forest for fuelwood and building materials, the collection of which often involves illegal tree felling (Begum, R, 2011). NON FORESTS Over 65% of woody biomass is outside of forest (BFD 2005). Agroforestry, bamboo, fruit trees serve as safety net during the time of hardship and natural disasters Million Sundarbans Protected forest still used for house construction materials such as Nypa. NTFPS such as honey, fish, bees-wax, crustaceans, mollusks are other resources. Habitat of Royel Bengal tiger and numerous wild species Million COASTAL Is Vulnerable to cyclones cyclones and and storms, storms, High population density Million Million Hill Hill Mix Mix of of reserved, reserved, protected protected and and unclassed unclassed state state forests. forests. Ethnically Ethnically diverse, diverse, High High dependency dependency on on NTFPs. NTFPs. Shifting Shifting cultivation cultivation in in CHT CHT and and betel betel leaf leaf cultivation are cultivation are common common among among the the ethnic ethnic people. people. Akhter, et al (2016)

12 2. Factors affecting the tree and forest resources by zone While the population increase by 1.6% per year, tree resources are put at risk. Below are some of the direct factors affecting the tree and forest resources: Sal zone - Around million hectares are currently under encroachment -Hill Number zone of encroachers are about 100,000 (BFD 2008) - Increased landslides and soil erosion due to uncontrolled logging (Sunderland et al. 2010) - Practice of shifting cultivation, heavy dependency on forests - Settlements (Chakma, Khisa, & Chakma, 2008) Sundarbans - Poor water quality and pests (BFD, 2007) - Over-grazing (Kibria, Sunderland et al. 2010) Coastal zone - Unauthorized cultivation and occupation - Devastation after cyclones and storms Village zone - Heavily dependent on fuel wood - Over grazing

13 5. Process for the socioeconomic survey Decision on SEM 1 Needs assessment through national consultation 2 Dissemination Analysis 8 7 Establishing a collaborative socioeconomic Survey: involving academic, NGO and government line departments including BBS to fulfill the national and international requirements 5 6 Data collection 3 4 Formation of socioeconomic expert groupbbs, CU, FD, DU, AF Sample and Survey design Dhaka university and expert group Building team

14 3. Process for the socioeconomic survey Steps Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 What Decision on SEM Information needs assessment How Based on needs of socioeconomic data When Done Stakeholder consultation to identify key areas Being done. and socioeconomic variables To be finalized by June Sample design 1. Forest areas, 500 FGDs (near to Augustbiophysical plots) September 2. Key informants as needed (near to 2016 biophysical plots) 3. Households survey in 64 districts and 6 city corporation based on multi stage cluster sampling (disaggregated rural and urban, gender, may be ethnicity?) 4. FGD, TOF-500 in selected districts 5. Key informant as needed selected districts 6. Special user group surveys (social forestry groups, Jhum cultivators, NTFP collectors), Fishermen, Firewood collectors.

15 3. Process for the socioeconomic survey Step What s How When Step-4 Survey design, and 5 building team and enumerator training and data collection Designing the survey framework final decision for field work, designing questionnaire, arranging logistics including procurement, moving to the field and collect data using suitable software-application for tablet surveys (collect mobile) 1. Survey design, pilot test, training (AugustDecember 16) 2. Data collection (from December 2016 to December 2017) Step-6 Data processing and analysis Using standard software (MS Excel, MS Access, Stata, SPSS, R) Prepare 1 national report and separate reports for 5 zones Publish 10 research papers and 10 policy briefs and summaries for policy papers based on above report January 17-November 2017 Step-7 Reporting Step-8 Dissemination April-December 2018 April-December 2018

16 3. Stakeholders Involved in Socioeconomic Survey Socioeconomic survey (partners and data users) Government line departments Formulate policies related to tree and forest management and have socioeconomic database Lead development and maintenance of the survey Academia/researcher Education and research mission Potential to provide technical advice or support Non-government NGOs Involved in implementing development activities Potential to facilitate the data collection process and use of data Cooperative associations/timber merchants association/forest based industries Investment in capital and employment Potential user of data

17 4. Variables, Indicators & Impacts of the SE survey Socioeconomic survey will contribute to national economy, reduction of poverty, improved food security and nutrition as well as equitable access to resources Impacts Food security and nutrition Economy Access to resources Indicators Dependence of local economy to forestry Estimated value of production Consumption of wood and paper products Efficiency of production Variables Species harvested Supply and demand Harvesting trends Income Employment

18 4. National vs Subnational Indicators - Trees/forest National indicators products harvest level - Tree & forest product consumption (Timber +Non-timber) - Share of fuelwood & charcoal in the energy portfolio - Forest encroachment (ha) - Extent of forest disturbances (fire, pest etc.) - Dependence on national Economy - Income & expenditure related to ecotourism - Forest governance (access/institutions) - Level of migration - Employment (no. of people) - Marketing of tree & forest resources - Value of ecosystem services - Small scale enterprise - Extent of forest degradation/deforestation - Extent and development potential of social forestry - User rights/ownership - Level of conflicts of interest - Status of land tenure - Level of participation in social forestry activities Sub-National indicators Zones Sub-national Indicators Hill Tree & Forest dependency of ethnic/indigenous people No. of people participating at community based forest management No. of shifting cultivators & frequency of shifting Extent of bamboo harvest Level of displacement Sal - Sunda rbans Coast al - Village - Tree & Forest dependency of ethnic/indigenous people Level of forest access Dependency of NTFP (Nypa palm, Honey, Crab, Fishing) Benefits people received from biodiversity conservation Socioeconomic benefits from eco-tourism Level of protection of lives and properties from natural calamities Level of protection of lives and properties from natural calamities Sustainability of afforestation program at newly accreted land Extent of homestead gardening Decision of planting tree species

19 5. Status of the Socioeconomic Surveys Related to Trees and Forestry 1. Need assessment through national consultation 2. Objectives defined 3. Collection of existing socioeconomic related variables/questions 4. Expert group formed and regular meetings to inform process of survey design 5. Analysis of existing data from BBS, NFA Draft literature review on socioeconomic drivers of tree and forest resources change 7. Methodology of the survey-ongoing

20 5. Lesson learned from previous socioeconomic survey (NFA ) First national scale forest assessment in the country Socioeconomic survey carried out in 2-km radius circle from center of biophysical Sample Unit (tract). The methodology is often debatable where majority of human settlement located outside of the forests for example Sundarbans Two major user groups were interviewed: local forest services, organizations and local administrative etc. forest and tree users (considered as also or focus group) using questionnaires. The statistical sample size was not well defined. Objectives were not clearly defined Coastal zone/plantation was not considered for the assessment The variables are mostly qualitative in nature Overall limited applicability of the results

21 6. Expectation from Integrated Agriculture Census of Bangladesh The BFI will collaborate with BBS and expectation from the agri Treecensus. coverage area and categories of species of plants Total numbers of people benefits from forests and trees Benefits from ecotourism Top five products received from the trees and forests in different zones Top five services received from the trees and forests in different zones Estimated demand of top five products (timber, fuel wood etc, pulp and paper production) Estimated supply of top five products Total numbers of employee in forestry and forestry related services Total production of Non timber forest products (medicinal plants, brooms, Nypa) Non-market value of trees and forests (eg. recreation, soil conservation) Ownership rights/land tenure Contribution of agroforestry to the national economy Deforestation rate

22 7. Conclusion 1. There are limited examples of SE surveys conducted through national inventories processes that provided results later used to inform management/policy outcomes. This may be due to the fact SE surveys are conducted at the plot level, and are therefore not applicable on a national context 2. The BFI approach will target household survey, KII, FGD and other users group with a survey design focusing on a wider catchment area than the inventory plot. 3. The eco-zones form the basis of the survey design 4. Clear objectives, indicators and variables are necessary to ensure the socioeconomic survey provide useful information 5. Forest policies are currently under review and the BFI will coordinate with other agencies to ensure integration (eg BBS agricultural census) 6. Inclusion of forest related information at the upcoming agricultural census will enable to policy makers for undertaking different measures like afforestation, climate change mitigation program as well as understanding the implementation status of Perspective plan ( ), 7th Five year plan ( ) of Bangladesh and goal 15 of SGDs.

23 References Ahmed, A. (2008). Underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation in Bangladesh. Global Forest Coalition (GFC), Amsterdam. Akhter, M., Jalal, R., Costello, L., Rahman, L. and Tasnuva, U. (2016). Zoning for tree and forest assessment in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Forest Department and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Akther, S. Miah, MD. and Koike, M Domestic use of biomass fuel in the Meghna floodplain areas of Bangladesh. iforest 3:Biogeosciences and Forestry Alam, M. Furukawa, Y. Sarker, S.K. and Ahmed, R Sustainability of Sal (Shorea robasta) forests in Bangladesh: past, present and future actions Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD), Draft National Forest Policy online accessed at Bangladesh Forest Department, National forest and tree resources assessment of Bangladesh BBS, Report on Household based forestry survey Billah, M. AHM. Energy and Environment: Demand for Wood Energy in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS). Online accessed at Chakma, A., & Nahar, B. (2013). Jhum Cultivation Influence the Degradation of Hilly Environment. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 5(2), Chan, S., & Sasaki, N. (2014). Assessment of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in phnom tbeng forest based on socio-economic surveys. Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(17), 1641.

24 References Forestry Sector Report, Mid-Term Report (Draft). Ministry of Environment and Forests, Department of Forests General Economics Division (GED), Perspective Plan of Bangladesh : Making vision 2021 a reality General Economics Division (GED), Seventh Five Year Plan FY 2016-FY2020: Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens Huq, s. Karim, Z. Asaduzzaman, Mahtab, F Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change for Bangladesh Islam, K. K. and Sato, N Deforestation, land conversion and illegal logging in Bangladehs: the case of the Sal (Shorea robusta) forests. iforest 5:Biogeosciences and Forestry Islam, M. J., Wagner, T. W., Yichun, X., & Mahboob, M. G. (2011). Tropical Deforestation in Bangladesh and Global Warming. Paper presented at the Proc. Int. Conf. Env. Aspects Bangladesh (ICEAB 2011). Kibria, M., Rahman, S., Imtiaj, A., & Sunderland, T. (2011). Extent and consequences of tropical forest degradation: Successive policy options for Bangladesh. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1(1). Rahman, M. A. (2011). Deforestation and Forest Conservation in a Tanchangya Community. Rural livelihoods and protected landscapes: Co-management in the Wetlands and Forests of Bangladesh, 120.

25 Thank you FAO office in the forest department at Ban Bhaban, (level 4), Agargaon, Dhaka T: Contacts: 1. Md. Mozaharul Islam, National Project Coordinator and UN-REDD Focal Point, FD 2. Matieu Henry, Chief Technical Adviser, FAO 3. Nikhil Chakma, Socioeconomic consultant, FAO