The forest beetles. you need to know about. The Southern Pine Beetle. Perspective Bark beetles Perspective Bark beetles
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- Abigayle Bradley
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1 The forest beetles The Southern Pine Beetle you need to know about The Southern Pine Beetle Ambrosia beetles Jiri Hulcr Jiri Hulcr Perspective Bark beetles Perspective Bark beetles There are about a) 5 b) 25 c) 50 d) bark beetle species in Florida. 3,000 species Of those, approximately a) 5 b) 10 c) 50 d) are pests. Perspective Bark beetles Southern pine beetle mass attack: < 15 species Dendroctonus frontalis The smallest of Dendroctonus The fastest-reproducing Only attacks living trees
2 Southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis Southern pine beetle Very uneven distribution Only in the South and South East Southern pine beetle Southern pine beetle Similar species on pines in SE USA: Ips (3 species) Southern pine beetle Black turpentine beetle Black turpentine beetle Ronald F. Billings, Texas Forest Service Primary host: Loblolly pine Also used hosts: pitch, slash, virginia, other pines Bad hosts: longleaf pine, other conifer genera Attack probability changes with age Dynamics - complex Dynamics - complex Mass-attack started by: lightning strike fire or other injury 1. Females attracted by host stress volatiles 2. Females produce pheromones to attract males and more females 3. Males produce repellents 4. Arriving beetles diverted to neighboring trees Mass-attack started by: lightning strike fire or other injury Formation of a spot
3 Dynamics - complex the spot Dynamics - complex Mass-attack started by: lightning strike fire or other injury formation of a spot contributing factors: previous outbreaks stand age and density colonization decline: predator and parasitoid build-up exhaustion of susceptible hosts cold no clear effect on SPB dynamics: pine genotype rain/draught My tree is dying, what do I spray it with? Dying tree = dead tree Insecticides in forestry: - hard to get them into trees - kill natural enemies Integrated Pest Long-term prevention of pest damage by managing the ecosystem Integrated Pest - happy forest Integrated Pest Aerial surveys & traps Florida Forest Service - diverse - appropriate species to the site - uneven-aged - thinned - dead wood present - minimal damage to trees and soil
4 Integrated Pest Integrated Pest Similar symptoms, but no outbreaks! pitch tubes The southern pine beetle wiggly gallery, short larval tunnels brown frass The Ips engraver beetle straight, long galleries Integrated Pest The Black turpentine beetle Similar symptoms, but no outbreaks! Integrated Pest A simple guide to Florida s bark beetles Ground level, large pitch exudates. Integrated Pest (Pesticides???) Integrated Pest Direct suppression, with 20 m buffer Repellents Test: what do you do with this pine that was killed 6 months ago?
5 Questions about the Southern Pine Beetle? Ambrosia beetle news: - old pests - new pests Lauraceae, incl. avocado Lauraceae, incl. avocado Marc Hughes, the next speaker!
6 Following a stress period, flooding, or a root disease. se. #1 nursery tree killer in SE USA ONLY stressed trees! James Solomon #1 nursery tree killer in SE USA ONLY stressed trees! - flooding - late freeze - disease Xylosandrus compactus - twig killer - also a sapling killer 1 mm
7 Euwallacea interjectus Theoborus ricini Euwallacea interjectus Theoborus ricini Attacking live box elder in Gainesville, FL. Euwallacea interjectus Theoborus ricini Euwallacea interjectus Theoborus ricini Fungal transmission - In FL since Attacking live trees in South FL since 2000 s - Only in cultivated, watered trees
8 3 help? 3 help? Pest diagnostics Pest diagnostics 3 help? Pest diagnostics 3 help? Questions?
The Southern Pine Beetle
The Southern Pine Beetle Perspective Biology Symbioses Dynamics Management Jiri Hulcr Perspective Bark beetles Perspective Bark beetles mass attack Perspective Bark beetles The Mountain Pine Beetle British
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