National Planning Department of Colombia

Transcription

1 National Planning Department of Colombia Modern Rural Policy- Memphis May 19th, 2015

2 Rural development with a territorial approach Modern Rural Policy- Memphis May 19th, 2015

3 INDEX 1. Rural Colombia: an overview 2. Two pilots for a differentiated approach: Cauca and Tolima 3. A new model: comprehensive mechanisms with a territorial approach- lessons learned 4. Modern rural policies: The National Development Plan

4 1. Rural Colombia: an overview

5 RURAL COLOMBIA: an overview 81.8% of Colombian territory can be classified as rural or dispersed rural 30,3% of the Colombian populación lives in rural areas Source: DANE DDRS

6 RURAL COLOMBIA: an overview Monetary Poverty % National Level Nacional Colombia has achieved an important reduction on monetary poverty 21 percentage points in 12 years Extreme Monetary Poverty % National Level Nacional And almost a 10 percentage points reduction in extreme poverty in 12 years

7 RURAL COLOMBIA: an overview Monetary Poverty Urbano Rural Nacional Extreme Monetary Poverty Urbano Rural Nacional However We still have deep gaps between urban and rural areas

8 RURAL COLOMBIA: an overview Poverty gaps between urban and rural areas have increased in the past 12 years

9 RURAL COLOMBIA: an overview Multidimensional Poverty Index Urban areas Multidimensional Poverty Index Rural areas Gaps also persist in living conditions: People living in urban areas have better living conditions than people in rural areas Source: DNP. Census (2005) The deeper gaps on living conditions between urban and rural areas are housing and basic education Low educational achievement Access to an improved water source Illiteracy Unsanitary excreta disposal Inadequate flooring material 3.3% 1.7% 7.1% 6.9% 18.3% 24.1% 24.0% 41.8% 41.8% 83.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Other Areas Municipal Centers

10 RURAL COLOMBIA: an overview Multidimensional Poverty Index. Rural areas Development of rural areas in Colombia is not homogeneous: it differs strongly among regions There is a positive relationship between urban areas and better living conditions in rural areas Main cities in Colombia

11 2. Cauca and Tolima Pilots

12 THE PILOTS MODEL FAMILIES TERRITORY Families and local organizations Land Property rights Improvement of living conditions housing Improvement of household capabilities Productive Projects (Income generation) Access to financial services Access to technical assistance Local and regional governments and social organizations Institutions Territorial organization Land registry adaptation Environmental supply Land use Productive potential Market structure and local proposals for income generation Development of intervention routs Improvement of living conditions Poverty Strengthening of capabilities Achieve a sustainable minimum living income Coordinate the national tools with the territorial development Better knowledge of the territory Have coordinated productive proposals

13 PILOTS: the implementation Pilot s Work Plan: Territories for intervention: Norte del Cauca (7 municipalities) and Sur del Tolima (9 municipalities) - Territorial prioritization by poverty and rural levels - Identification of the poorest households with SISBEN (poverty) index and local governments - 5,159 households were interviewed in the two areas - Definition of rural household typologies (habitability conditions, income generation capacity and land formalization) - Characterization of local dynamics: strengths, potentials, problems and conflicts

14 PILOTS: implementation (+) Institutional capabilities (+) Population density (-) Poverty and rurality (+) Connectivity (-) Land concentration (+) Transitory crops Predominantly urban Rural Node Predominantly rural (+) Land concentration (+) Permanent crops (-) Institutional capabilities (-) Population density (+) Poverty and rurality (-) Connectivity Chaparral main town in Sur del Tolima Behavior of local areas is similar to the national behavior

15 PILOTS: the implementation Multidimensional and Monetary Poverty Sur del Tolima Norte del Cauca 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Both pilot areas have similar rates of monetary poverty. However multidimensional poverty is higher in Tolima Non poverty MPI, non monetary poverty Non poverty MPI, monetary poverty Poverty MPI, non monetary poverty Poverty MPI, monetary poverty Housing Deficit Sur del Tolima 9% 84% Norte del Cauca 32% 52% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Without Housing Deficit Qualitatives Housing Deficit Quantitative Housing deficit Workforce Sur del Tolima 87% 13% Norte del Cauca 62% 38% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% The main difference between the two pilot areas is the housing characteristics (a qualitative deficit of 84% Tolima and 52% Cauca) In both territories, the main activity is agriculture. However, Cauca is more diverse in economic activities (e.g. mining, wholesale, education and construction) Agriculture Other activities

16 PILOTS: results Productive projects for income generation Housing programs (plus sanitary and access to water) Food safety An assessment of adequate land use and soil vocation Strengthening of local institutions Development of regional production Associativity Access to markets and trade alliances Goals Achieved Need for improvement o Technical assistance o Environmental supply and land use o Property rights for small producers Need for structural changes

17 Key learnings Key learnings 1. Focalization: first region, then population 2. Decentralize projects decisions: increase participation of the local levels 3. National policies must be flexible, according to the needs of regions 4. National policies coordination start with a common knowledge of the region of intervention 5. It is crucial to know the structure of tenure and land use

18 PILOTS

19 3. A new model: comprehensive mechanisms with a territorial approach - lessons learned

20 Integrated Interventions with a Territorial Approach Reducing the urban-rural POVERTY GAP WHAT? Land titling Rural habitability Income generation NATIONAL POLICY Ministry of Agriculture COLLEGIATE BODY: defines a Local Rural Development Strategy HOW? FOR WHOM? RESOURCE ALLOCATION OF NATIONAL BUDGET RESOURCE ALLOCATION THROUGH CALL FOR PROPOSALS Organized community Local government

21 4. Modern rural policies National Development Plan

22 Modern rural policies: Instruments The rural development model has been materialized in the following strategies: National Development Plan (Set up of long and medium term goals for the national government) Intervention mechanisms formalized: prioritization of areas and coordination among sectors Specific budgets and goals: 10 % of the total budget for the agricultural sector for 2016 Institutional framework: creation of national fund for rural development and adjustment of public budgeting Special faculties for reform: creation of an Administrative department for land

23 Next steps Next Steps 1. Inter-sectorial coordination for rural development 2. Objective criteria for territorial focalization that actually reflect the reality on the ground 3. Deepen the decentralization and deconcentration process through a new public budgeting 4. Scaling up interventions beyond the first six areas to cover the national territory

24 Diego Mora Rural and Sustainable Development - DDRS National Planning Department of Colombia damora@dnp.gov.co Tel. (+57 1) Calle 26 N Bogotá - Colombia