Plan Vivo Carbon management and rural livelihoods

Transcription

1 Plan Vivo Carbon management and rural livelihoods About Plan Vivo How it works Current projects Endorsement and support Contact Willie McGhee Alexa Morrison Tel: Fax: Tower Mains Studios 18b Liberton Brae Edinburgh EH16 6AE 1

2 Deforestation and land use change the challenges Worst land degradation is in developing countries where rural communities are locked in negative cycles of poverty and exploitation of ecosystems Aid is on aggregate poor at promoting sustainable forest and land management Policy gap (CDM) Acute deforestation is inextricably linked to rural poverty in developing countries Background deforestation and land use 2

3 Background to Plan Vivo Name derives from the plan vivo or living plan that farmers and communities create Rooted in a 1994 UK government funded research project in Chiapas Led to the development of the pilot Scolel Té project spearheaded by the Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Management (ECCM) Three Plan Vivo projects are fully operational Mexico Scolel Té Uganda Trees for Global Benefits (TFGB) Mozambique N hambita Community Carbon Establishment of one of the early nurseries in the Scolel Té project, Chiapas, Mexico Plan Vivo the foundations 3

4 Project requirements and eligible land types Project requirements Work with small scale farmers and rural communities Eligible land types Smallholder owned/ leased farmland Natural and naturalised tree species Community owned land Minimise dependency on external support Community use rights 4

5 Eligible Activities Afforestation / agroforestry Agroforestry and small scale timber, fruit or wood fuel plantations Reforestation / forest restoration Restoration of degraded or damaged ecosystems such as woodlands Avoided deforestation Conservation of forests threatened by deforestation and degradation

6 Participants/roles Plan Vivo Foundation Expert reviewers Third party verifiers Project developers and funders Carbon buyers and resellers Technical consultants and research institutes Project coordinators Producers Producers Producers Producers Producers Producers 6

7 The Plan Vivo Process 7

8 Training What is climate change? Concepts of carbon sequestration and carbon service provision Benefits of alternative land use practices and native species use Discussion of local needs and priorities 8

9 Planning Field Practice: Tree height and distance measurement 9

10 The Plan Vivo Process 10

11 Writing Plan Vivos Producers draw up plan vivos with guidance and training from project technicians Current situation, land area Production objectives Species and planting density Work plan (preparation, establishment, maintenance) Resources needed (capital and labour) If communal land management organisation and control The first plan vivo was drawn up by farmer Antonio Gomez Demesa in Chiapas in

12 12

13 The Plan Vivo Process 13

14 Evaluation and Registration Project technicians evaluate each plan vivo in light of its suitability for the land and compatibility with Plan Vivo Standards Is it realistic? Are the species suitable for the land? Is there a management objective? Once approved, the carbon benefits of each plan vivo are calculated using the technical specifications 14

15 What are technical specifications? Methodology for each land use system specifying carbon potential based on simple carbon accounting model and associated management regime Developed by project technicians with involvement of local institutions and support from external consultants Carbon modeling Training workshops and community meetings Biodiversity and socioeconomic impact assessments Analyses of additionality, leakage, permanence Conducting a biomass survey, Chiapas 15

16 Scolel Te 16

17 The Plan Vivo Process 17

18 Carbon Sales Project enters sale contracts with market buyers for Plan Vivo Certificates by adding up expected emission reductions of producers 18

19 What is a Plan Vivo Certificate? An certificate representing the long term sequestration or reduction of one tco 2 e plus biodiversity and local poverty reduction benefits Ex ante VERs based on calculation of future expected carbon benefits rather than historic emission reductions Issued by the Plan Vivo Foundation Projects are developed, managed and monitored in accordance with the Plan Vivo System and Standards 19

20 Certificate issuance Projects eligible to generate Certificates following validation and full project registration Certificate issuance linked to annual review cycle Issuance recorded in Plan Vivo registry 20

21 The Plan Vivo Process 21

22 Producer Sale Agreements Project enters into carbon sale agreements with individual producers These will state: Who the purchaser is How much carbon the producer can sell What the price of carbon is When payments will be made and on what conditions Requirements to re plant, project lifetime Community banker in Kiyanga issuing a staged carbon payment to a producer, TFGB project 22

23 The Plan Vivo Process 23

24 Monitoring Monitoring and training are provided by local staff, with assistance from external technical consultants if necessary 24

25 Example Monitoring Schedule $ 25

26 The Plan Vivo Process 26

27 How do Payments Work? Paid in instalments over 10 years (e.g., years 1,2,3,5,10) $480 to project per ha One Hectare (e.g.) 60 tc US $20per tc $720 to Farmer per ha $1200 total per ha 27

28 Why Plan Vivo works 1. Puts people and their livelihoods at the heart of the solution Enables communities to plan and take control of their resources Community participation integral to planning and management 2. Meaningful incentives Not aid connects rural poor to international market for ecosystem services Upfront carbon payments so farmers can afford to establish sustainable land use systems 3. Emphasis on long term sustainability Carbon finance must be one component of a broader set of income streams that make Plan Vivo projects viable and sustainable Plan Vivo the foundations Revenues from timber, fruits, crops reinforce economic sustainability Projects encouraged to develop local capacity and minimise dependency on external support 28

29 Why Plan Vivo works /2 4. Risk management Staged payments to producers Risk buffers of unsold carbon Projects start small and scale up by a process of replication and extension into new areas 5. Simple and pragmatic Unbureaucratic processes Success comes from learning by doing and continuous improvement, not rigid design Community capacity building meeting at an early stage of the TFGB project, Bushenyi District, Uganda Plan Vivo the foundations 29

30 Other Standards

31 Extra Activities Sustainability Fuel efficient Stoves in the Areas Tzeltal and Tojolabal, within communities participating in Scolel te 31

32 Project risk management Country political Secure land tenure arrangements Government relationship management Natural risks Fire management plans Pests and diseases careful species and stock selection, progressive silvicultural methods, diversification of planting areas Project organisation Induction process with project coordinators Careful selection of project staff and training Development of business plans for economically viable management Careful planning at micro level Communities Buffer of unsold carbon to cover unforeseen losses Participatory planning and management Staged recruitment based on a getting to know you process Land management plans based on local needs and capabilities Clear service agreements Staged carbon payments based on agreed performance milestones 32

33 Scolel Té Project description Set up in 1996 Over 2,000 Mayan and Mestizo farmers in central and northern Chiapas and northeast Oaxaca Coordinated by AMBIO, a Mexican non profit environmental co operative Afforestation/ agroforestry, reforestation/ forest restoration and avoided deforestation activities Drivers of long term economic viability high value native timber and agroforestry help improve and diversify farm incomes Reviews and verification Independent review by DTZ Piede Consulting in 2000 Verification review by SGS in 2002 SmartWood (Rainforest Alliance) verification in 2006 and 2008 as part of a long term plan Upland pine-oak forest restoration Main biodiversity co benefits Restoration of degraded pine oak forest in upland areas Protection and restoration of endangered Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Expansion plan being developed for creation of buffer zone around El Ocote Biosphere Reserve a biodiversity hotspot that is home to over 2,000 plant and 5,500 animal species 33

34 Trees for Global Benefits Project description Set up in 2003 Bushenyi District, south west, and Hoima and Masindi Districts, western Uganda Coordinated by ECOTRUST (Environment Conservation Trust), a Uganda based NGO Afforestation/ agroforestry activities, but technical specifications are also being developed for forest restoration and avoided deforestation Drivers of long term economic viability high value native timber and agroforestry help improve and diversify farm incomes Reviews and verification Long term verification plan agreed with SmartWood Mixed land-use, steep slopes, Bunyaraguru subcounty, Bushenyi District Main biodiversity co benefits Helps provide a buffer for Queen Elizabeth National Park, Kyambura and Kigezi Wildlife Reserves and Maramagambo Forest one of the most diverse ecosystems in Africa Mitigation of flooding risk in catchment area for Lake Edward and Lake George, a Ramsar site Soil stabilisation and improved moisture retention on the steep slopes that are a feature of much of the project area 34

35 N hambita Community Carbon Project description Set up in 2001, approved as a Plan Vivo project in 2006 Works with subsistence farmers in buffer zone of Gorongosa National Park, Sofala Province Coordinated by Envirotrade Ltd Agroforestry/ afforestation activities, but technical specifications are also being developed for avoided deforestation Drivers of long term economic viability high value native timber and agroforestry, carpentry and crafts, vegetable, biodiesel, poultry and honey production micro enterprises Reviews and verification University of Edinburgh progress assessment Currently investigating options for third party verification Community carpentry micro-enterprise Main biodiversity co benefits Buffer zone for Gorongosa National Park area of outstanding importance for biodiversity 74 different vegetation systems, 40 soil types, diverse flora, over 500 bird species, rare reptiles and miniature antelope Watershed protection planting suitable species along watercourses stabilises riverbanks (riparian planting) 35

36 Endorsement and credibility Recommended by Carbon Trust in the UK as one of only four VER standards that meet valid criteria verification, additionality, leakage, impermanence, and double counting Stern Review in 2006 featured N hambita Community Carbon project as an example of the beneficial relationship between emission reductions and poverty reduction Stakeholders and supporters include the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), WWF, Wildlife Conservation Society, World Conservation Union (IUCN), Clinton and Hunter Foundations, Mercy Corps, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Rainforest Alliance Previous buyers include World Bank, FIA (Formula One Foundation), Man Group plc, The Carbon Neutral Company (TCNC), Tetra Pak over half a million tonnes in total Plan Vivo Standards periodically reviewed in consultation with projects and other stakeholders most recent public consultation process ended March New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg being presented with a Plan Vivo offset by World Bank, March Plan Vivo the foundations 36