Knowledge development on land use resources and policy harmonisation Version: 2 March 6 th 2005 Author: Mohamed Saket.

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1 Knowledge development on land use resources and policy harmonisation Version: 2 March 6 th 2005 Author: Mohamed Saket Country: Zambia Summary Zambia requested 1 a financial and technical assistance from FAO to strengthen its capacity in land use resources monitoring and feed the policy making process with relevant information. The focus of the requested assistance will on capacity building, institutional strengthening and generating an expended range of information on the state, management, use and users of the land use resources. To complement the efforts of the GoZ in resources assessment and cover more cross-cutting issues that influence the process of policy development and macro planning, an additional set of activities is being proposed to be carried out in tandem with, or as follow up of, the ILUA. The proposal is in direct response of the Government priority areas defined in the Zambia Forestry Action Plan (ZFAP) (see below). The expected results of this project include: i. a comprehensive database on the land use systems (ILUA); ii. a specific study on the fuelwood demand and supply and how these are affecting the resources and contributing to the people s livelihoods; iii. a study on the impact of the HIV/AIDS on the institutions dealing with land use resources (essentially forest) development and; iv. a policy impact analysis and harmonisation through the participatory approach involving different national institutions and stakeholders for a vision that leads to improved livelihoods of the rural people, which is, at present, severely affected by poverty. The proposal will require an additional budget of US$ 308,600 and will be implemented over a period of 3 years. It will integrate the activities of the forestry theme and secure better integration of the other FNPP themes: agro-biodiversity and food security.. 1. Organization The project will be hosted by the Forestry Department of Zambia where a specialised Unit will be set up. A team of specialists from the national institutions dealing with land use resources will be created. The services of forestry and agriculture in the provinces will be involved in the field implementation of the activities. National Contact person: Anna Chileshe, Director of Forestry Forestry Department Ministry of Tourism Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box Lusaka 1 Zambia presented a TCP in early 2004 for integrated land use resources assessment, which was approved in January 2005

2 or At FAO: Focal units: FORM, FONP, SAFR, AGLL Lead officer: Mohamed Saket, FORM 2. Objectives and Targets The overall objective of the project will be to harmonise the national policy framework and strengthen the institutions and to achieve, through an integrated approach, the sustainable management and conservation of the land use resources including forests and trees. This will lead to improved productivity of the rural livelihoods, and in the same time to alleviation of poverty and better involvement of women. The targets will be to: Conceptualise and undertake a land use resources assessment to satisfy the policy needs and address cross-cutting issues of poverty, environment degradation, and of economic, social and gender aspects. These will include addressing: (i) fragility of the institution arising from HIV/AIDS pandemic; (ii) issues of importance to the country such as the unregulated commercial woodfuel exploitation of woodlands, deforestation, etc. Years 1 and 2. Carry out, with TCP and Government funds, an integrated land use assessment (TCP). Years 1 & 2. Carry out thematic studies on fuelwood and HIV/AIDS pandemic to broaden the scope of knowledge on the factors influencing the natural resources and people s supply with goods and services. The fuelwood study includes: assessment of the extent of illegal fuelwood supply, Consensus on the implications of business as usual, future scenario and need for action and development of New Policy and Legislative Environment. The study on the HIV/AIDS will address the institutional fragility arising from HIV/AIDS pandemicyear 2. Building on the findings of the ILUA and thematic studies on fuelwood and HIV/AIDS pandemic, carry out policy impact analysis with a view to identify the treats applied on the forests and trees as element of the land use system in the country. This will help harmonise sectoral policies and broaden the national policy framework to ensure better integration of the natural resources. The process will strengthen the local institutions capacity to carry out cross-sectoral policy impact analysis and identify trade-offs (policy options) between forestry and other sectors. It will establish a community practice on cross-sectoral policy impact analysis between forestry and other sectors with a view of sharing information and knowledge between national and global levels. Year Country priorities addressed Government priorities (ZFAP) Sustainable forest management based on holistic approach that meets development objectives socially and politically acceptable, economically viable and environmentally sound. Capacity development including training in resources monitoring and evaluation, institutional reforms, policy formulation and planning Participatory approach to assure involvement of different stakeholders and help resolve conflict of interest. Gender participation to reverse the prevailing imbalance in resources management

3 Sectoral integration that benefits the poor people. Government strategy aims to integrate the development, management and conservation of forest resources with those of land, water, livestock production and genetic resources. This requires strengthening institutional collaborative arrangements at all levels. Priorities to be addressed Contribute to sustainable forest management by improving the information base on the state, management, use and users of forests, woodlands and trees resources. Emphasis will be placed on the issues like gender, environment, poverty, biodiversity. Contribute to capacity building through training of personnel and putting in place and institutionalising a specialised unit in resources assessment and information management, Implementing the project following the participatory approach in order to reach consensus on the resources assessment approach, and information and capacity building needs Contribute to sectoral integration through integrated land use assessment and collaborative implementation of the project that address primarily local people s needs.. 4. Relevance and linkages Poverty alleviation The project is a response to the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the government (PRS) of Zambia. The GoZ recognises that agricultural and natural resources development offer great opportunities to reduce poverty and stimulate economic growth. With an abundance of land, water, forests and biodiversity, sustainable utilisation is the best tool for development. Sustainable utilisation can only be achieved if based on sound knowledge on the state and trends of the resources. Gender issues The gender issue is a key area of the national policy. As described in the Zambian Forestry Action Plan, the Government of Zambia seeks to improve the gender participation to reverse the prevailing imbalance in resources management. The ILUA aims at: - Assessing the role and contribution of men, women and children in resources management, - Identifying activities carried out totally or partially by each of these groups. - Draw lessons and recommend actions and policy measures to improve the gender participation. MDG, WSSD and CBD In many countries, strategies tend not to reflect local conditions and priorities because they have invested little in identifying, mobilising and building local knowledge and analysis. Consequently, many sustainable development (SD) strategies could be characterised as mere documents responding to external policy initiatives and requirements, rather than local policy processes responding to stakeholder problems and opportunities for SD. The ILUA was designed to help Zambia integrate the principles of sustainable development into the national policy and programmes and reverse the losses of environmental resources. The assessment addresses a wide range of areas of Target 9 of Goal 7 and a number of areas of Targets 1 and 2 of Goal 1 in the MDG. It also addresses the biodiversity issue of tree species in the forest and non- forest lands.

4 The ILUA aims to help Zambia strengthen its own capacities to fight poverty through sound and equitable environmental management and support learning and knowledge-sharing at local, national and global levels. The project focuses on promoting more effective ways to integrate the environmental priorities of poor people into the national strategies and policy processes for poverty eradication and sustainable development. 5. Integration of activities A standalone integrated national land use assessment is of no need if not to support the process policy making for sustainable development, conservation of environmental values and poverty reduction. The project scope of activities consists of collecting, managing, analysing and sharing information on the land use resources, including also analysis, evaluations and scenario development for use in the policy processes. It incorporates the outcomes of the forestry theme (see annex 2): policy and institutional improvement, knowledge development and indirectly resources management. It also covers wide range of biodiversity issues: state and trends. The assessment was designed to address the three themes of the FNPP: forestry, agro-biodiversity, forestry and food security. For biodiversity, the ILUA will provide information on the tree species composition in forests and outside forest (TOF) lands and the services/products they provide. For forestry, the project will yield a considerable volume of information on the products and services provided by the forests and TOF, on management, uses and users of the resources. This information will help redefine the place of the forestry sector in the national economy and will help refine the policies and implementing strategies. For food security, the ILUA addresses wide range of resources in forestry, agriculture, livestock, etc and the rural people s needs. Zambia is benefiting from a number of other projects in agriculture and fisheries. It is participating party to the global FRA through an officially designated national correspondent. The concept of ILUA was developed in coordination with AGLL and AGAL to address in an integrated approach the resources and liaise with other ongoing FAO-led projects and activities. 6. Capacity building objectives The ILUA is primarily a capacity building exercise. It includes: - Training of a national team composed of professionals form the forestry and agriculture departments for project design and cross-sectoral policy analysis, technicians for field activities and other staff for information management. The programme of training was developed in partnership with the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). - Setting up a specialised unit within the forestry department for resources assessment and continuous monitoring. - Developing a national database integrating information on forests, trees and other land use resources. 7. Budget by main categories The following budget will be used to carry out the additional studies that complement the ILUA on fuelwood supply and demand and on the effects of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on the land use institutions. It is also to carry out comprehensive policy analysis that integrates the different outcomes of the forestry theme with the other FNPP themes.

5 BLine Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost US$ Total FAO Input US$ 1 Personnel International staff TCDC Integrated Policy Analyst M/M ,000 HIV/AIDS and Forestry Expert ,000 48,000 Local Consultants: Policy Analysis 0 Fuelwood survey Specialist 12 1,500 18,000 National HRD consultant 3 : M/M 4 1,500 6,000 National consultant Medicinal Plant Market survey M/M 6 1,500 9,000 Senior Policy Analyst (Forest Economist) M/M 8 2,000 16,000 Legislation Specialist M/M 2 1,500 3,000 Environment Specialist M/M 2 1,500 3,000 Agronomist M/M 2 1,500 3,000 Livestock Specialist M/M 2 1,500 3,000 Sub Total 154,000 2 Official Travel and DSA Travel - TCDC L. sum 5,000 DSA - TCDC M/D ,000 DSA NC L. sum 1 12,000 12,000 Local travel L. sum 1 8,000 8,000 Sub Total 52,000 3 Training and Workshops Workshops Unit ,000 Meetings L. sum 1 8,000 8,000 Sub Total 23,000 4 Salaries Fuelwood survey technicians M/M ,800 HIV/AIDS medicinal prioritisation and market M/M ,800 survey technicians Sub Total 21,600 5 Office Equipment and supplies Office supplies L. sum 10,000 Sub Total 10,000 6 Operational Costs Communication and faxes, L. sum 8,000 Fuel and oil L. sum 15,000 Vehicle maintenance L. sum 14,000 Sub Total 37,000 7 Other costs Reports (technical reports and Terminal Report) Units ,000 Publicity L. sum 1 5,000 5,000 Sub Total 11,000 Total Project 308,600 2 Up to the present all HIV/AIDS and forestry activities are conducted as extra in addition to the full terms of reference of the Forest Extension unit, a supplementary expert for the bulk of the period in which HIV/AIDS are scheduled will be required if forest extension activities are not to suffer in the face of the increasing demand for guidance in the development of response to HIV/AIDS in the forest sector 3 HIV/AIDS workplace programmes and forest sector manpower assessment

6 Annex 1. Outcome (2): Forest law compliance in the fuelwood industry Output (1): Assessment of extent of illegal fuelwood supply ($100,000) - Estimate of woodfuel consumption and prices in major cities through a PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) sample of distribution depots; - Survey of sources of fuelwood origin and transportation routes; - Assessment of licensed (harvesting + transport) fuelwood supply from such areas; - Analysis of implications for deforestation and lost revenue; - Comparison with previous studies; - Prognosis for future based on extrapolation of demographic trends Output (2): Consensus on implications of business as usual, future scenario and need for action ($50,000) - Consultations with stakeholders (communities, chainsaw operators, traders and consumers) on the issues and answers; - Economic assessment of current stakeholder benefits; - Analysis of implications for stakeholder benefits of various approaches to adopting SFM; - Formulation of solutions and compliance measures - The National Fuelwood Pact. Output (3): New Policy and Legislative Environment ($50,000) - Reaffirmation of national policy; - Public commitments to action by stakeholder representatives; - Legislative instruments enacted; - Creation of compliance mechanisms; - Introduction of monitoring of effects of Fuelwood Pact on availability of fuelwood, prices, woodland resources and stakeholder benefits;

7 Outcomes Outcome 1: Effective participatory process is initiated to implement improved policies, legislation and administrative changes that help to reduce poverty and that incorporate new dimensions of biological diversity, water conservation and energy planning in the forest sector; as well as addressing key policy issues in other sectors that have an impact on forests. Annex 2: Outcomes 1-3, Outputs and Activities Period Semester 1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Indicators Outputs Activities 1. Zambia will have drafted modifications to forest legislation, policies or administrative practices to address bioenergy, biodiversity, and/or water issues. 2. Zambia will have incorporated forest concerns into their national plans or strategies for poverty reduction, conservation of biological diversity, mitigation of climate change, agricultural planning, development planning, and inter sectoral strategies 3. Zambia will have taken steps to implement relevant IPF/IFF proposals for action and their national forest-related commitments of the conventions on biological diversity, climate change and desertification 1. Current forest policies and programmes reviewed and HIV/AIDs vulnerability indicators developed to guide future policy and programmes. 2. HIV/AIDS workplace programmes established in natural resource institutions in coordination with current initiatives in the agricultural and health sectors. 3. Incorporate HIV/AIDS vulnerability mapping and monitoring to ILUA design and development - Using existing in country prevalence data and developing relevant vulnerability indicators for mapping and monitoring HIV/AIDS prevalence in association with resource use 4. Recommendations for the sustainable management/and or domestication of medicinal and, nutritional plants customary and indigenous woodlands, in accordance with HIV/AIDS prevalence rates developed. 5. Long term natural resources sector manpower assessment and technical level forestry training provision and curriculum review conducted in light of estimated progression of the pandemic. 1. Desk review of current forest policy, and stakeholder consultation of forest labour and livelihood practices in the country. 3. Sourcing of prevalence rate secondary data sourcing; and indicator development and testing. (in association with ILUA) 2. Coordination of workplace programmes in the sector 4 Medicinal and nutritional species, collected from forests and woodlands, used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS related illnesses prioritised through stakeholder consultation; and a survey of local use and market trends conducted. 5. Manpower needs assessment and technical level forestry training review

8 Zambia will have established a set of guidelines or practices to improve forest law compliance (governance) 1. Assessment of extent of illegal fuelwood supply; - Estimate of woodfuel consumption and prices in major cities through a PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) sample of distribution depots; - Survey of sources of fuelwood origin and transportation routes. - Assessment of licensed (harvesting + transport) fuelwood supply from such areas; - Analysis of implications for deforestation and lost revenue; - Comparison with ILUA findings (geographic distribution of resources) and previous studies; 2. Consensus on implications of business as usual, future scenario and need for action - Consultations with stakeholders (communities, chainsaw operators, traders and consumers) on the issues and answers. - Prognosis for future based on extrapolation of demographic trends. - Building also on ILUA findings, make economic assessment of current stakeholder benefits; - Formulation of solutions and compliance measures. - The National Fuelwood Pact. 3. New Policy and Legislative Environment - Analysis of implications for stakeholder benefits of various approaches to adopting SFM. - Reaffirmation of - Introduction of

9 national policy; - Public commitments to action by stakeholder representatives; - Legislative instruments enacted; - Creation of compliance mechanisms. monitoring of effects of Fuelwood Pact on availability of fuelwood, prices, woodland resources and stakeholder benefits. Outcome 3: New approach will be implemented to understand and assess the status of forest and tree resources in combination with agricultural and other land uses including inland or mangrove fisheries habitats. This approach will provide the basis for improved policies and decisions that address crosssectoral issues and for assessment of national progress towards sustainable forest management, institutional fragility arising from HIV/AIDS pandemic, livelihood aspects of the Miombo woodlands e.g. rural coping strategies for HIV/Aids, etc. By the end 1. Zambia will have developed, pilot-tested and implemented an integrated land use assessment that addresses the full spectrum of land uses, including forests, trees outside forests, agricultural land and watershed impacts on inland fisheries and/or mangroves. 2. The national institution in Zambia will have the capacity to plan and carry out the long term monitoring and sustainable management of the natural resources; 3. The land use related national institutions will have a multidisciplinary team operational for coordinated and participatory programmes in land use management and family sector development. 4. Zambia will have up-todate, verifiable and information on broad set of issues in relation to 1. Capacity of the land use institutions to plan and implement land use assessments, monitor the resources, manage the related information and contribute to advancing sustainable natural resource management by enabling an increased use of natural resources knowledge in policies development and implementation, enhanced and strengthened. 2. A national Land Use Assessment Unit set up and properly manned with a core of national personnel adequately trained in land use assessment techniques in line with concepts of social, environmental and economic integration and project management through onthe-job training, workshops and study tours. 3. National consensus on an integrated land use assessment methodology taking into consideration national and international reporting requirements established. 4. Land use/land cover map constructed to support natural Planning, preparations, training and mapping: - Assist in recruitment of International and National Consultants - Prepare planning of ILUA activities; - organise periodic meetings of National Steering Committee - Procure equipment for land use assessment - Set up National Land Use Unit - Assess building capacity needs - Convene a workshop on institutional strengthening - Plan and carry out training of staff from FD and involved land use institutions: Professional level - Plan and carry out training for technicians - Convene a workshop on information needs - Secure national consensus on ILUA methodology Mapping

10 of 2005, methodologies will have been developed and pilot tested in Zambia. By the end of 2007, the integrated land use assessment will completed Outcome 4: New and alternative approaches to sustainable forest management and national forest the land use resources and food security. 5. policy and decision making process adequately supported by reliable information well organised in a national database. Methodologies alternative approaches sustainable management for to forest are resources and environmental management programmes. The harmonised terminology, definitions and national classification system will be the basis of mapping and reporting. 5. National land use assessment carried out with focus on the multiple functions (environmental, social and economic) of the natural resources, their management, uses and users. Monitoring of the land use resources set up and national and regional register of permanent sample plots for future surveys established. 6. Field data entered and processed and a national database on the land use resources established and integrated in the existing information management systems based on the GIS and the results disseminated to users. The existing systems will be evaluated and reviewed and the needed improvements will be introduced. 7. Follow up actions including improved policies, legislation and forest laws. These will address poverty, deforestation, land degradation, itinerant agriculture, institutional fragility arising from HIV/AIDS pandemic, rural coping strategies for HIV./Aids, sustainable management of natural resources, etc. Field Survey: Field Survey: - Constitution of field Formation of field crews; crews; - Assignment of field - Assignment of field crews to their geographic crews to their geographic areas; areas; - Data collection and - Supervision of field materialisation of crews performance; permanent sample sites - Logistical support to - Supervision of field the crews. crews performance; - Secure timely - Logistical support to the implementation of field crews; activities Secure timely implementation of field activities - Evaluation of existing information systems - Data base construction - Data processing - Reporting of findings - Workshop on project findings and outline of follow up programme - Cross-sectoral - Harmonisation of policy analysis on policies between basis of findings forestry and other of ILUA and land uses thematic studies - National seminar on fuelwood and on policy institutional fragility due to HIV pandemic - Updating of the ZFAP

11 pilot- and developed, tested implemented programmes will have been developed and implemented on a pilot basis, addressing issues from outside the forest sector that affect forests. This will include new approaches for addressing the societyforest relationship, and new approaches for addressing and assessing the economic benefits from forest services including biodiversity, climate, water and inland or mangrove fisheries. Ultimately, the role of forests in achieving relevant MDGs would be assessed. By the end of 2005, methodologies will have been developed and pilottested.