Reducing Encroachment into Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania

Transcription

1 Reducing Encroachment into Udzungwa Mountains National, Tanzania Preliminary Design Assessment: Options for Enhancing the Boundary and Developing an Ecological Buffer Gregory A. Tenn

2 Project Organization Design Concepts Sections 1. Forward 2. Residential Encroachment 3. Public Lands 4. Agriculture 5. Recommendations (Preliminary & Primary)

3 Residential Encroachment Urbanization in villages Increasing land use conversion (residential, subsistence ag) Expansion of commercial agriculture Large number of economic immigrants Little or no room to expand except into UMNP Direct threat to conservation Lack of physical space Movement of established residences and structures undesirable even with economic reimbursement Balance socio-economic and conservation considerations Negate or minimize land use conversion within present park boundary boundary as economic resource Strengthen delineation of the park and village land Improving visibility and monitoring With Buffer to community Potential Buffer Zone. Buffer Zone to park trail system to park trail system to natural attractions Tree Canopy Maintained Butterfly Farming Enclosure Low Impact Buffer Zone Boundary Trail to natural heritage sites Tree canopy remains intact Privacy for residents; view from trail inhibited Potential for low-impact economic activities (e.g. butterfly farming, beekeeping, managed harvesting of timber/non-timber products, etc.) Potential to increase revenues from tourism activities, especially in communities near park attractions (e.g. Sanje) Delineation of park boundary Enhanced visibility and monitoring of park boundary and buffer zone by TANAPA and community 3 Section 1 - Residential

4 Public Lands Growth in populations should coincide with growth in social services and infrastructure Land use conversion (e.g. roads, schools, hospitals/clinics, etc.). Public land is a highly regarded asset Stable and/or lower impact uses Higher potential for open space prior NGO success Creation of public park boundary zone Community based resource management Schools and agroforestry Environmental education Recreation facilities Government/administrative Land Use Swap Boundary Retains Position Public Land School Land (2 ha) adjacent to Boundary School Buildings Social/community lands tend to have greater amounts of available open land that could be made available for economic and conservation activities. Open area (e.g. recreational use) with a greater number of shade and fruit trees. Open Space (adjacent to village land) Transitional Buffer Zone Diagram Early Harvest (non-timber products) ~30m Preference for commercially useful species (native and non-native) increases with distance from park boundary. Late Harvest (non-timber and timber) ~10m increasing number of harvestable species that are allowed to grow for a longer period of time to develop forest cover Restoration Core (no harvest) ~20m only native tree species Integrated Forestry Plan Tree Nursery High impact land use is moved further from park boundary Community land moves to new location at interface with park and incorporates a buffer zone Native species only. 4 Section 1 - Residential

5 Agriculture Existing/maintained open space High economic value Food security Human-wildlife conflicts Development potential (public lands, tourism) Buffers might not resolve human-wildlife conflicts Crop selection/heterogeneity Balance economic realities of production, marketing, and sale. Sustainable forestry Farm and Homestead (4ha) Adjacent to Conceptual Land Use Diagram Ecotourism Site Restoration Core/ Buffer Detail Conceptual Plan Integrated Buffer and Ecotourism Business Venture Farm and Homestead Access via Trail System Crops/Activites most susceptible to H-W conflict or most valuable) Homestead Crop/Activities least susceptible to H-W conflicts Ecotourism Site Forestry Management Restoration Core (no or limited harvest) Boundary 5