Experiment study on cold compression of biomass materials Jirong Wang 1, a, Guangtao Liu 2, b, Jiangang Li 3, c, Jun Li 4, d

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1 International Conference on Inforation Sciences, Machinery, Materials and Energy (ICISMME 2015) Experient study on cold copression of bioass aterials Jirong Wang 1, a, Guangtao Liu 2, b, Jiangang Li 3, c, Jun Li, d 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao , China 2 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao , China 3 CSR Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao , China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao , China a eail:wangjirong3@163.co, b eail: Liuguangtaoqdu@126.co, c eail: lijiangangjing@163.co d eail:lijun@qdu.edu.cn Keywords: Bioass aterial; Cold copression; Molding Abstract. Solar, hydroelectric, wind, bioass are all renewable sources of energy. And bioass energy arket has a treendous developent potential. In this paper, soe experients were ade by using WDW-100 icrocoputer controlled electronic universal testing achine to find a better way to realize cold copression of bioass aterial. The experiental results show that oisture content, copression speed, particle size and residence tie have obvious effect on the olding blocks. Considering all the factors, a better olding block would get with a copression speed of 0/in, 16% oisture content and a sall particle size. 1. Introduction Straw cold copression olding was an iportant technology of developing and utilizing bioass resources. As for the basis of bioass energy utilization, straw cold copression olding has becoe a hot topic in the field of renewable energy [1]. Recently, any universities have been done lots of studies on bioass briquetting equipent, such as Shandong University, Henan Agricultural University, Jilin University and so on [2]. This paper ainly concentrates on the foring echanis and influence factors in the process of cold copression olding. These ain influencing factors of the experient include aterial type, copression speed, residence tie, copression ratio, copressive force and so on. 2. Method and process A WDW-100 icrocoputer controlled electronic universal testing achine was applied in the experient. It consists of three systes which are loading syste, control syste and easure syste. And the testing achine has a speed range of /in, and the range of force easureent is 0-50KN. The testing achine can be operated either by the anipulator and the switch or through the upper coputer. The experient ainly involves four kinds of aterials: sawdust, corn cob, peanut shell and leaves. Since there are several influence factors, thus the control variable ethod is adopted. And the ainly factors we control are: oisture content [3], copression speed, particle size and residence tie[]. The following principle was adopted to cope with the data: F Pressure: P = (1) π d Initial density: ρ 0 = (2) π d L The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 267

2 Copression density: ρ = (3) π d ( L s) F 1 2 P Energy consuption[5]: E = dx = π d dx () In the type, F is the pressure which the bioass aterial is loaded; is the weight of the bioass aterial; L is initial height of the bioass aterial; D stands for the diaeter of the sleeves; S stands for the displaceent of the rod. The detail experiental ethod which we apply is as follows: 1).Each kind of aterial was wetted to have 8, 1, 16 and 18% oistures content. 2).Configure five kinds of copression speed (10/in, 20 /in, 0 /in, 60 /in, and 80 /in) for each aterial. 3).Set the residence tie to three levels: 1in, 10in and 15in. ).Take experient about different oisture content under the condition of the sae aterial and the sae copression speed. 5).Take experient about different copression speed under the condition of the sae aterial and the sae oisture content. 6).Take experient about different aterials under the condition of the sae copression speed and the sae oisture content. 7).Take experient about different residence tie in the sae copression condition. 3. Analyses experiental results 3.1 Different copression speed In this process, the copression curves of different aterials in the speed of 10 /in, 20 /in, 0 /in, 60 /in and 80/in at 16 C and 1% oistures content were got, as shown in Fig.-7. Since the curves are related to F (The pressure the bioass aterial is loaded) and S (Displaceent of the rod), we call the F-S curves. And detail explanation was given after the curves. a) Sawdust a) F-S curve of 10/in b) F-S curve of 20/in c) F-S curve of 0/in d) F-S curve of 60/in e) F-S curve of 80/in f) Final products in different speed Fig.. F-S curves and copression odels of sawdust It can be concluded fro these curves that different copression speed has a siilar effect on the olding of the sawdust. However, it still eets the following rules: the larger the copression speed is the less the curve fluctuates at the very beginning. And when the pressure was reached to 268

3 32MPa, the curve would rise suddenly. Also, we can see that the curve fluctuates uch in the late stage of olding process. As far as we can see, the reason it occurs is that the accuracy of the old equipent is not enough. Seen fro Fig.-f, the final product has a best quality in the speed of 10/in while the final products have a worst quality in the speed of 80/in. But there was a little difference between two products. Thus, the speed of 0/in was ainly applied in the experient. b) Corn cob a) F-S curve of 10/in b) F-S curve of 20/in c) F-S curve of 0/in e) F-S curve of 80/in d) F-S curve of 60/in f) Final products in different speed Fig.5. F-S curves and copression odels of corn cob Because the difference of particle size between sawdust and corn cob, the curves in Fig.5 was a little different. But the total trend was the sae. And when the pressure was reached to 25MPa, the curve would rise suddenly. Also, we can see that the curve still fluctuates uch in the late stage of olding process (at the point of 100). Thus, this confirs that the accuracy of the equipent causes this consequence [6]. c) Peanut shell Take the forer two experients into consideration, only three speeds (20 /in, 0 /in and 60/in) were applied in this experient. Also, the F-S curves and the final products were got. These curves were really siilar to the forer. But the quality of the final odels was worse than sawdust and corn cob. Maybe this was caused by the shape of peanut shell since peanut shell has a sheet structure. In order to find this influence, another experient was following took. a) F-S curve of 10/in b) F-S curve of 20/in c) F-S curve of 60/in 269

4 d) Leaves d) Final products in different speed Fig.6. F-S curves and copression products of peanut shell a) F-S curve of 20/in b) F-S curve of 0/in c) Final products in different speed Fig.7. F-S curves and copression products of leaves The F-S curves were also siilar to the forer ones. But as far as we can see fro Fig.7-c, the quality of leaves products is the worst in four experients, which verifies the forer conjecture about sheet structure that the aterial with sheet structure was difficult to old. 3.2 Different oisture content Given that the sawdust can be olded better this experient was ade only towards sawdust. And the final result told that the curves were substantially the sae under different oisture conditions. In the eanwhile, several differences can be seen fro the process: the oisture content has an obvious effect on the final products (Fig.8). The higher the oisture content was, the ore the aterial swells. And good oisture content was the ost iportant factor in the reality.. Conclusion Fig.8 Products with oisture content of 1%, 16% and 18% In this paper, soe copression olding experient towards different aterials were ade by WDW-100 achine. Results are shown that the F-S curves in the process of copression olding towards the four bioass aterials were in the sae trend. And the copression speed has little effect on the final product. Moisture content has great influence on the expansionary of the olding blocks, where the higher the oisture content was, the ore the aterial swells. References [1] Jianjun Hu, Straw Pellet Fuel Cold Molding by Copression: Experiental Study and Nuerical Siulation. Dalian University of Technology,2008. [2] Xing lei and so on, Experient and Analysis of Straw Copression, Journal of Jiausi 270

5 university (natural science edition), 2005,0: p57- p 576. [3] Kenny D. Nona, Bart Lenaerts, Erdal Kayacan, Wouter Saeys, Bulk copression characteristics of straw and hay, Biosystes Engineering, 201,02: p 19-p202. [] Richard B. Bates, Ahed F. Ghonie, Modeling kinetics-transport interactions during bioass torrefaction, Fuel, 201,10: pp [5] Gu Zhi-xin and so on, Study on Specific Energy Consuption in Straw briquetting Process, Cheical Antroation and Instruent, 2013,02: p 250-p253. [6] Li, Jian-Gang and so on, Optial design of bioass olding achine. Mechanical Engineering and Materials: ICMEM 2012, 2012,v152, p1562-p