APPENDIX 8.10 EXTERNAL LIGHTING REPORT

Transcription

1 APPENDIX 8.10 EXTERNAL LIGHTING REPORT

2 Picket Piece January 2010

3 QM Issue/revision Issue 1 Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3 Remarks Draft Final Date November 2009 January 2010 Prepared by Matt Whalley Matt Whalley Signature Checked by Chris Rochfort Chris Rochfort Signature Authorised by Chris Rochfort Chris Rochfort Signature Project number File reference Z:\Environmental Planning\Projects\ Picket Piece, Andover\Lighting\R eport Z:\Environmental Planning\Projects\ Picket Piece, Andover\Lighting\ Report Mountbatten House Basing View Basingstoke RG21 4HJ Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0)

4 Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction Background The Proposed Redevelopment of Picket Piece Overview 3 2 Legislation, Policy and Guidance Legislative Framework Planning Policy Guidance 6 3 Methodology Consultation Scope of Works Extent of the Study Area Method of Baseline Data Collation Assessment Approach Limitations and Assumptions 10 4 Baseline Conditions Description of the Site and Surrounds Existing Site Conditions and the Surrounding Environment Sensitive Receptors Baseline Lighting Conditions on the Site and in the Surrounding Area Future Baseline 17 5 Key Issues & Recommended Mitigation: Construction Phase Lighting Required during Construction Potential Impacts from Construction Lighting 18 6 Key Issues & Recommended Mitigation: Operational Phase Lighting Required During Operation Future Detailed Lighting Design Landscaping Potential Impacts from Operational lighting 22 7 Summary 23 8 References 24 Figures 25

5 Appendix 1 Institution of Lighting Engineers Guidance Notes 26 Appendix 2 Consultation Requests & Responses 27 Appendix 3 Glossary of Lighting Terminology 28 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Table 2: Lighting Consultation Response Description of Night-time Viewpoints and Monitoring Locations Table 3: Obtrusive Light Limitations for Exterior Lighting Installations (ILE, 2005) Table 4: Baseline Lighting Conditions Recorded on the Site and in the Surrounding Area and Details of the ILE Environmental Zone Criteria LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Night-time Viewpoints and Illuminance Monitoring Locations Figure 2: Night-time Viewpoint 1 Figure 3: Night-time Viewpoint 2 Figure 4: Night-time Viewpoint 3

6 Executive Summary Introduction This has been prepared by (WSP E&E) on behalf of ( the Applicant ). It accompanies an outline planning application seeking planning permission for a mixed use development including 800 residential units (to include 530 units in phase one); a local centre, a sports pavilion and a school with access from Walworth Road. Existing Conditions The Site is split into a number of different areas due to the presence of existing residential properties within Picket Piece village along Walworth Road and properties along Ox Drove. Currently the Site comprises parts of Picket Piece village and represents predominantly open land, some of which is utilised for agricultural purposes with numerous overgrown scrubby areas and extended gardens which have been abandoned and fenced off from rabbits. The external lit environment on and in the immediate vicinity of the Site was assessed as part of the baseline lighting survey undertaken on 12 th October Readings of both illuminance (light spill) and luminance (glare and sky glow) were recorded at key locations to benchmark the current night time scene. Whilst residential lighting is intermittently present within Picket Piece village, the Site was generally unlit,. Occasional street lighting was evident along Walworth Road and some residential properties had wall mounted security lighting. The Site and immediate surrounding areas were considered to be indicative of an E2 Environmental Zone ( low district brightness area ). The Picket Piece Commercial Centre and Walworth Industrial Estate were well lit, which was considered to be indicative of an E3 Environmental Zone ( medium district brightness area ). The most notable source of sky glow in the area was to the west in the direction of Walworth Industrial Estate and Andover town centre. Construction Phase Considerations During the construction phase, which is anticipated to be phased over approximately 6 years, lighting impacts are likely to be associated with the requirement for temporary lighting to illuminate temporary car parking areas and the contractor s compound, whilst working areas will require lighting for the late afternoons during the winter months only. In order to mitigate temporary impacts on surrounding sensitive receptors the lighting requirements at the Site will be managed as part of a Construction Environmental Management Plan (which will also manage other construction related impacts). Installed lighting will involve the use of well located, modern light fittings which are directionally controlled and will be in accordance with current best practice standards and agreed with Test Valley Borough Council (TVBC). The temporary lighting will be specific to the areas that require illumination during the night-time period to ensure both on-site safety and security. Measures will be taken to ensure that the effects of light spill, glare and sky glow towards sensitive receptors are effectively mitigated. Operational Phase Considerations During the operational phase, the introduction of permanent artificial light sources required to service the needs of the development will result in changes to the current baseline conditions within the Site, which would likely reflect an E2/E3 Environmental Zone ( low to medium district brightness area ) upon full completion. New sources of lighting are expected to include: Street lighting (c. 6m columns) within the residential built development areas; Highways lighting (c. 8-10m columns) on the primary access points and primary internal roads; Security and health and safety lighting within the local centre area and school; and Residents are likely to install security lighting at their properties. 1

7 The effects on sensitive receptors should be mitigated as far as is practicable by the retention and enhancement of existing vegetation, where possible, and through the implementation of a best practice lighting design (to be produced at the detailed design stages). The detailed lighting design(s) will be based on the following principles: Recommendation for the lighting conditions on the Site to accord with a stringent standard for light spill and upward light loss (an E2 standard is recommended where practicable); Controlling the intensity and direction of the lighting to ensure that the effects of light spill, glare and sky glow are minimised; Use of shields or hoods to effectively screen the visible light source from the observer; Careful selection of luminaries and their location in relation to the sensitive receptors to minimise light spill; Use directionally controlled, horizontally cut off flat glass luminaires throughout to control light spill, glare and sky glow; and Highways and street lighting to be designed in accordance with current recognised Road Lighting Standards. In addition to the above, the configuration of buildings on-site to prevent direct views of artificial lighting installations (e.g. service courtyards and car parking areas) from surrounding properties should be considered in further detail at the detailed design stages. 2

8 Introduction 1.1 BACKGROUND This has been prepared by (WSP E&E) on behalf of ( the Applicant ). It accompanies an outline planning application seeking planning permission for the residential development of the Site. 1.2 THE PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT OF PICKET PIECE The Overall Development will comprise the clearance and the demolition of a small number of existing houses to the north and south of Walworth Road, the poultry farm within the west of the Site and the warehouses within the north-west of the Site. The following components will be constructed: 800 residential units (to include 530 units in phase one); A local centre including (a foodstore (400m 2 ), A1 - A5 (200m 2 ) and a community facility (300m 2 )); A Sports Pavilion (200m 2 GEA); A school; and Access from the Walworth Road The Overall Development is expected to be constructed in phases. Construction is currently expected to commence in 2011/12 with the first phase comprising approximately 530 dwellings, the local centre, play space and buffer planting, which is expected to be completed within seven years (2017/2018). Subsequently, the remaining dwellings, along with open space and buffer planting, will be built in two to three further phases over a further two to three years (from 2018/2019 to 2020/2021) The Overall Development seeks to retain the majority of the existing residential properties fronting onto Walworth Road, however a small number of dwellings will be demolished to allow for access. A number of access options are currently being investigated as part of the design of the Overall Development, all linking from Walworth Road. Additionally, the Overall Development will incorporate pedestrian and cycle links connecting to existing routes, and will consider the opportunity to enhance existing bus services in the area linking to Andover town centre and Andover railway station The application supplies details in respect of access into the site. Layout, scale, appearance and landscaping are reserved and will be dealt with as part of subsequent reserved matters applications This document assesses the lighting impact of the Overall Development. This Lighting Technical Report has been prepared to support the Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. 1.3 OVERVIEW This lighting technical report considers the potential impacts on sensitive receptors arising as a result of the installation of artificial lighting associated with the Overall Development This report considers the potential effects of artificial lighting during both construction and operation in relation to surrounding sensitive receptors, including the existing local residents in Picket Piece Where potential significant impacts have been identified in relation to light spill, glare and sky glow, during the construction and operational phases, mitigation measures are proposed to reduce or negate the impact to an acceptable level in line with best practice and best available technology. 3

9 2 Legislation, Policy and Guidance 2.1 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK Statutory Requirements for the Provision of Lighting There is no statutory requirement to provide road lighting. Neither are there any statutory requirements to install a particular class of lighting if a decision is made to light a particular road. However, the statutes summarised below empower authorities to light roads. The provision of road lighting on a previously unlit road might involve statutory requirements Where a decision is made to install lighting, as best practice this should be in accordance to the relevant British and European standards. Empowerment to Light Roads In England and Wales, the Highways Act 1980, Section 97 empowers a Highway Authority to provide lighting for any highway or proposed highway for which they are or will be the Highway Authority. District Councils and many Parish or Town Councils also have the power to provide lighting as local lighting authorities. This power is given by the Public Health Act 1985, or the Parish Councils Act Where such Councils wish to provide lighting on a highway, the consent of the Highway Authority is required, under the Local Government Act 1996, Section 29. Traffic Signs When lighting is provided on a previously unlit road, it is likely that certain traffic signs will have to be illuminated. In England, Wales and Scotland, the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002 are relevant. Speed Limits The provision of road lighting on a previously unlit road can cause the imposition of speed limits. In England, Wales and Scotland, the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 deal with the link between speed limits and a system of street lighting : Road Humps The provision of road humps might require particular lighting arrangements. In England and Wales, the Highways (Road Hump) Regulations 1999 are relevant: Public Lights on Private Buildings or Land In some circumstances, public lights and associated equipment can be fixed to private buildings or sited on private land. In England and Wales, the Public Health Act 1985 deals with the fixing of public lights to buildings. Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act (CNEA) The Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act (CNEA) 2005 gives local authorities and the Environment Agency additional powers to deal with a wide range of issues including introducing artificial light emitted from defined premises as a nuisance. In this context, nuisance is defined as an unreasonable interference with someone s enjoyment of their property and / or injurious to health In March 2006, DEFRA produced guidance on Sections 102 and 103 of the CNEA 2005, which provides content on the best practicable means for addressing artificial light as a statutory nuisance. The final guidance document notes that Section 102 adds to the descriptions of statutory nuisances listed in section 79(1) of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 to include impacts from artificial lighting as follows: Section 102- (fb) artificial light emitted from premises so as to be prejudicial to health or a nuisance. 4

10 The regulations relating to artificial lighting came into force on the 6 th April These changes extend the duty on local authorities to ensure their areas are checked periodically for existing and potential sources of statutory nuisances, including those arising from artificial lighting. Local authorities must take reasonable steps to investigate complaints of such nuisances from artificial light. Once satisfied that a statutory nuisance exists or may recur, local authorities must issue an abatement notice (in accordance with section 80(2) of the EPA 1990) against either the person responsible for the nuisance, or the owner or occupier of the premises from which it emanates, requiring that the nuisance cease or be abated within a set timescale Section 103 extends the defence of best practicable means to those statutory nuisances where light is emitted from industrial, trade or business premises and also from relevant outdoor sports facilities. 2.2 PLANNING POLICY National Planning Policy Planning Policy Statement (PPS) PPS 23 Planning and Pollution Control (2004) requires planning authorities to take account of the possible polluting impact of lighting in preparing local development documents. Support for combating light pollution was planned to be strengthened with a new annex on light pollution and a requirement for LPAs to have policies covering acceptable types of lighting. Whilst a draft has been completed, it is understood that the Government will not be taking it forward at this time. Should it be released in the future the annex would be subject to full public consultation. Regional Planning Policy Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) for the South East The South East Plan There are no specific policies in the South East Plan, Core Regional Policies, relating to light nuisance/pollution and the effects from the introduction of artificial light sources as part of new development proposals. The South East Plan notes however that actions and decisions associated with development and the use of land should actively encourage the conservation and, where appropriate, the enhancement of the character, distinctiveness, and sense of place of settlements and landscapes throughout the region. The South East Plan states that opportunities for creating a high quality environment should be sought, based on a shared vision that places emphasis on good design, innovation, sustainability and achieving a high quality of life. Local Planning Policy Test Valley Borough Local Plan (June 2006) The relevant policies in relation to artificial lighting in the Local Plan include the following: Policy AME 03 Artificial Light Intrusion, which states: Development which requires external lighting will be permitted provided that: a) the lighting scheme is the minimum necessary to achieve its purpose; b) light scatter, spillage and glare is minimised through the control of light direction and intensity; and c) the quality and intensity of the light and the daytime appearance of any light fittings and cables would not have a detrimental impact on local amenity or the character of the surrounding area. 5

11 Policy ESN 33 Advertisements, which states: Advertisements will be permitted provided that: (a) their siting, size and illumination do not have an adverse impact on highway or pedestrian safety; (b) they are appropriate in terms of size, colour, material, lettering and height to the surrounding environment and if located on a building it is well related to its scale and setting; (c) they do not adversely affect the character of settlements or the countryside; and (d) any illumination is designed to minimise visual intrusion. Policy HAZ 06 Safeguarded Aerodromes and Technical Sites, which states: 'Development will be permitted within safeguarded areas around official civil or military aerodromes and technical sites provided that: (a) It would not infringe on protected surfaces, obscure runway approach lights or have the potential to impair the performance of aerodrome navigation aids, radio aids or telecommunication systems; (b) It would not result in lighting which has the potential to distract pilots; (c) It would not result in an increase in the number of birds that would cause an increased hazard to aircraft; (d) it would not cause a hazard from other aviation use; and (e) In the case of wind turbines it would not cause a hazard due to their size or electromagnetic disturbance. 2.3 GUIDANCE Guidance documents that have informed this technical report include the following: Commission Internationale De L Eclairage (CIE - International Commission on Illumination (2003). CIE 150:2003. Guide on the Limitation of the Effects of Obtrusive Light from Outdoor Lighting Installations CIE (1997). CIE 126:1997. Guidelines for Minimising Sky Glow Institution of Lighting Engineers (ILE) (2005) Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light; Institution of Lighting Engineers and Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bats and Lighting in the UK: Bats and the Built Environment Series; DEFRA (2001) Lighting in the Countryside: Towards Good Practice; BS 5489 (2003) Code of Practice for the Design of Road Lighting Part 1: Lighting of Roads and Public Amenity Areas; BS (2003) Road Lighting :2003; and BS (2003) Road Lighting Part 2: Performance Requirements The ILE Guidance Notes referred to above are provided in Appendix 1. 6

12 3 Methodology 3.1 CONSULTATION The Environmental Health department at Test Valley Borough Council (TVBC) was consulted on the scope of works proposed and their interpretation of any key issues relating to potential lighting impacts arising during construction and operation of the Overall Development. A summary of the consultation response from the Environmental Health Officer (EHO) is provided in Table 1 (below). The letter of consultation and the subsequent record of conversation between WSP E&E and TVBC is provided in Appendix 2: Table 1: Lighting Consultation Response Consultee Test Valley Borough Council Summary of Response The EHO at TVBC stated that he was satisfied with the scope of work proposed and confirmed that there are no specific Environmental Health produced design criteria for lighting. 3.2 SCOPE OF WORKS In accordance with the methodology proposed as part of the above consultation exercise undertaken with TVBC (refer to Table 1 and Appendix 2), this lighting technical report has been prepared to: Determine the existing baseline lighting conditions on the Site and in the immediate surroundings; Identify key sensitive receptors to new sources of artificial light; Identify potential lighting impacts during the construction and operational phases, particularly in relation to sensitive receptors. Provide outline mitigation measures to reduce potential light spill, glare and sky glow from future (predominantly external) sources of lighting It is intended that the recommendations and lighting principles contained herein will be used to inform the future detailed lighting design(s) for the Overall Development. It is anticipated that a detailed lighting design(s) will be developed at the reserved matters stages, taking into account the principles contained within this report and any planning conditions imposed by TVBC The future detailed lighting design should be supported by predictive modelling of light spill to further quantify potential impacts. 3.3 EXTENT OF THE STUDY AREA The extent of the study area for the baseline lighting survey has been determined to identify the baseline lighting levels at the location of the Overall Development; within and along the boundaries of the Site at key sensitive receptors; as well as in the immediate vicinity of the Site (refer to Figure 1). The study area therefore focuses on the residential areas located along Walworth Road and Ox Drove and also considers adjacent night-time views into the Site to ensure that potential statutory nuisance issues from lighting associated with the Overall Development towards identified receptors is identified in order that measures can be proposed to effectively mitigate any impacts Consideration is also given to lighting within the nearby Walworth Industrial Estate to west of the Site (refer to Figure 1). 3.4 METHOD OF BASELINE DATA COLLATION The approach and methodology used to assess the baseline lighting conditions on and in the immediate vicinity of the Site involved a desk study (including consultation with TVBC) and a baseline lighting survey on the Site and in the immediate vicinity, as discussed below. 7

13 Desk Study A desk study has been undertaken to identify relevant legislation, planning policy, good practice guidance, environmental designations and relevant planning policy in relation to lighting following the standard methodology outlined in Guide on the Limitation of the Effects of Obtrusive Light from Outdoor Lighting Installations (CIE 150: 2003); Guidelines for Minimising Sky Glow (CIE 126:1997) and Lighting in the Countryside: Towards Good Practice (Defra, 2001). Baseline Lighting Survey A baseline lighting survey was undertaken at the Site on 12 th October 2009 to identify the lighting installations currently present on the Site and to establish lighting conditions both on and in the immediate vicinity of the Site. The night-time survey was undertaken between the hours of and under partially cloudy skies. The moon did not have a strong visual presence and was not considered to have influenced ambient lighting levels recorded during the survey. Readings were taken of the existing ambient lighting levels and existing lighting installations on the Site and in the surrounding area. Sensitive receptors in close proximity to the Site were identified using Ordnance Survey mapping and professional judgement and were confirmed during the day-time walkover The following light meters (which are maintained and calibrated in accordance with instruction) were used during the baseline lighting survey: Illuminance was recorded using a Minolta T10; Luminance readings were made using a Minolta LS100; and Photographs were taken using a Fujifilm FinePix A895 digital camera with a night-time landscape exposure setting Illustrative photographed viewpoints were taken at three locations (Night time Viewpoint (NV) 1 3) to obtain an indication of the existing lighting conditions across the Site and in the local area and to illustrate the screening afforded in the vicinity of the Site and in the surrounding area. These were selected to represent key viewpoints across the Site benchmarking views from selected representative sensitive receptors, namely those residential properties along Walworth Road and Ox Drove. Readings of luminance were taken to support the viewpoints and readings were taken of vertical and horizontal illuminance Readings of illuminance were recorded at a total of 14 further monitoring locations (A M). At each of the monitoring locations, vertical illuminance was recorded from northerly, southerly, easterly and westerly directions. A reading of horizontal illuminance was also made at each location to benchmark the lit surface. The monitoring locations on the Site and in the surrounding area are shown on Figure Monitoring locations were selected to be representative of the Site and the wider area, as well as where lighting was observed to be particularly intrusive (whilst avoiding misrepresentation of the broad conditions). The monitoring locations are shown on Figure 1 and are described in Table 2. 8

14 Table 2: Description of Night-time Viewpoints and Monitoring Locations Location NV1 NV2 NV3 A B C D E F G H I J K L M Description Located in front of the Community Hall on Walworth Road. Located at the entrance to Ox Drove Rise Cul-de-sac. Located on site off Ox Drove within an agricultural field to the west of Melrose Farm and east of Fallanden residential property. Located in front of the warehouse to the east of the Site and to the rear of 9a Walworth Road. Located on Walworth Road towards the eastern side of the Site. Located within the Commercial Centre off Walworth Road. Located on Walworth Road in front of a residential close and opposite Homestead residential property. Located within the sports field to the west of the Site boundary. Located on site to the rear of Steetly and Escaron residential properties. Located on Walworth Road in front of Cheavley residential property. Located on Ox Drive in front of Nimrod residential property. Located on Ox Drive in front of Hemmings Studio. Located in front of Harewood Farm on London Road (B3400), to the south of the Site. Located centrally within Walworth Industrial Estate on Central Way, to the west of the Site. Located on the eastern edge of Walworth Industrial Estate on Walworth Road. Located in front of Finkley Manor Farm on Finkley Road, to the north of the Site. 3.5 ASSESSMENT APPROACH The baseline lighting levels on and surrounding the Site are described with reference to the Environmental Zone Criteria for light nuisance into windows (measured in lux) as outlined in ILE Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light (ILE, 2005; the Guidance Notes are included at Appendix 1). Both pre-curfew (referred to where light sources are switched off before the recommended 23.00h curfew time) and post curfew (referred to if light sources remain on throughout the night time period such as highways and street lighting) standards have been referred to as part of the assessment. As part of the survey took place after 23.00h, it was possible to observe which light sources remained switched on; these were assumed to be in operation throughout the night-time period In accordance with the ILE Guidance Notes (ILE, 2005), the following definitions are used to describe lighting effects: Sky glow: the upward spill of light into the sky which can cause a glowing effect and is often seen above cities when viewed from a dark area. Light spill: the unwanted spillage of light onto adjacent areas and may affect sensitive receptors, particularly residential properties and ecological sites. Glare: the uncomfortable brightness of the light source against a dark background which results in dazzling the observer, which may cause nuisance to residents and a hazard to road users. Light trespass (into Windows): the spilling of light beyond the boundary of a property which may cause nuisance to others (note: the word trespass is generally not used anymore nuisance is preferred and this will be reflected in future updated ILE guidance) The lighting assessment has taken into account both the construction and operational phases. The magnitude of change due to the Overall Development, and the sensitivity of the affected receptor / receiving environment to change have been considered. 9

15 3.5.4 The lighting assessment has followed the methodology outlined in CIE 150 (CIE, 2003) and Lighting in the Countryside: Towards Good Practice, Defra, The criteria used to assess the magnitude and significance of the effects of artificial lighting has been derived from the UK ILE Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light (ILE, 2005) which is similar to the comparative international CIE criteria although the ILE guidance is more familiar to EHOs in the UK. Reference has been made to the Environmental Zone Criteria for light nuisance into windows (measured in lux) which is defined as follows: E1: Intrinsically Dark Landscapes - "National Parks", Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) or other dark landscapes; E2: Low District Brightness Areas rural, small village or relatively dark urban locations; E3: Medium District Brightness Areas - small town centres or urban locations; and E4: High District Brightness Areas town/city centre with high levels of night-time activity The ILE Guidance Notes (2005) propose that where a district classification falls between two zones that the more rigorous environmental zone standards are applied in the design of the lighting e.g. an E2 Environmental Zone would be selected in preference to an E3 Environmental Zone. The guidelines and threshold values for the environmental zones are outlined in Table 3, with the full ILE Guidance Notes included in Appendix 1. In addition, a glossary of lighting terminology used in the assessment is provided in Appendix 3. Table 3: Obtrusive Light Limitations for Exterior Lighting Installations (ILE, 2005) OBTRUSIVE LIGHT LIMITATIONS FOR EXTERIOR LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS Environmental Zones Sky Glow ULR (Max %) Light Trespass into Windows Ev (lux) Source Intensity I (kcd) Pre- Curfew Post-Curfew Pre- Curfew Post-Curfew E E E E Building Luminance Average, Pre-curfew Average (cd/m 2 ) L Source: ILE Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light (2005) Notes to Table 3: ULR (Upward Light Ratio) is the maximum permitted percentage of luminaire flux that goes directly into the sky; Ev is Vertical Illuminance in Lux; I is Light Intensity in Candelas; L is Luminance in Candelas per square metre; and Curfew refers to a time when the local planning authority has agreed that the lighting installation should be switched off; this typically refers to 11pm - 7am In addition to the criteria provided in the ILE Guidance Notes, the assessment has taken into account the likely magnitude of change compared to baseline conditions; the sensitivity of the identified receptor(s) to change; and the likely duration of any impact. 3.6 LIMITATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS The ILE Guidance Notes 2005 (included as Appendix 1), have been used as criteria against which to assess the effects of artificial lighting. The guidance levels for light nuisance into windows have been used as the principal criteria for assessing the likely impacts of artificial lighting associated with the Overall Development, based on the likely requirement for lighting. However, given the subjective nature of sky glow and glare, it is difficult to quantify the likely impacts due to a number of variables including the fact that sky glow is measured as a percentage change and glare from a light source is dependant on the type and distance from the light source, and the angle from which it is viewed. 10

16 3.6.2 Assumptions on the pre-curfew and post-curfew values have been made with respect to existing lighting in the surrounding area, as detailed in Section 4 Baseline Conditions (refer to Table 4) It has been assumed that in order to minimise the potential impacts from temporary lighting during the construction phase, the mitigation measures proposed in this report will be incorporated into a CEMP for the construction phases of the Overall Development. The documentation and implementation of such best practice measures for on-site lighting during construction will ensure that the temporary impacts of such lighting will be controlled and minimised It has been assumed that the mitigation measures described in this report will be incorporated into the future detailed lighting design(s) (to be developed at later detailed design stages) and that the design(s) will take account of the baseline conditions on the Site (E2 Environmental Zone). Implementation of this approach will ensure that lighting proposals for the Overall Development are to best practice and comply with the requirements of TVBC together with the CNEA 2005, CIE guidance (1997; 2003), ILE Guidance (2005) and relevant British Standards. 11

17 4 Baseline Conditions 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE AND SURROUNDS The Site is split in to a number of different areas due to the presence of existing residential properties within Picket Piece along Walworth Road and properties along Ox Drove (see Figure 1). Two discrete area parcels of land are located to the north of Walworth Road and to the rear of the residential properties on Walworth road. The main parcel of land is located to the rear and between the residential properties on Walworth Road and Ox Drove. The final two parcels of land that form the Site are situated to the south of Ox Drove and are separated by Melrose Farm. Currently the Site represents predominantly open land, some of which appears to be utilised for agricultural purposes with numerous overgrown scrubby areas The Site is located approximately 650m to the east of the Walworth Industrial Estate, beyond which lies residential areas and Andover town centre to the west. The Site is bounded to the north by a railway line, with open fields and some woodland to the north, east and south Due to the predominantly Greenfield nature of the Site and the number of existing residential dwellings in the area it is considered that the Site is situated in close proximity to a number of sensitive receptors The external lit environment on and in the immediate vicinity of the Site was assessed as part of the baseline lighting survey undertaken on 12 th October Readings of both illuminance (light spill) and luminance (glare and sky glow) were recorded at key locations to benchmark the current night time scene. 4.2 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS AND THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT The parcels of land that make up the Site were generally unlit associated with their predominantly undeveloped land use. Street lighting was evident along Walworth Road and some residential properties had wall mounted security lighting. There is lighting present at the poultry houses on Hennings Farm. The Site and immediate surrounding areas were considered to be indicative of an E2 Environmental Zone ( low district brightness area ) Approximately 650m to the west of the Site the Walworth Industrial Estate was well lit, which was considered to be indicative of an E3 Environmental Zone ( medium district brightness area ) The most notable source of sky glow in the area was to the west in the direction of Walworth Industrial Estate and Andover town centre. 4.3 SENSITIVE RECEPTORS The following receptors have been identified as being sensitive to changes in artificial lighting conditions (these are shown on Figure 1): Residential properties within Picket Piece situated along Walworth Road, Ox Drove and Ox Drove Rise which may be sensitive to light nuisance impact; Sensitive ecological receptors such as bats; and Potential for increased sky glow, glare and light spill affecting the setting of the current night-time landscape/townscape. 4.4 BASELINE LIGHTING CONDITIONS ON THE SITE AND IN THE SURROUNDING AREA This section describes the results of the baseline lighting survey undertaken on 12 th October This includes information relating to the existing lighting on and surrounding the Site and provides data on both levels of illumination (light spill) and the luminance (glare and sky glow) from externally lit sources, including security lighting, highways lighting and street lighting, together with levels of fugitive light loss from the windows of internally lit buildings. 12

18 4.4.2 In order to benchmark the existing levels of lighting on and in the immediate vicinity of the Site, readings of illuminance were recorded at 13 monitoring locations and at each of the 3 night-time viewpoints as set out in Section 3.4 and Table 2. The monitoring locations both on and surrounding the Site and the night-time viewpoint locations are shown on Figure 1. The illuminance levels recorded and the luminance values of those lighting installations measured are provided in Table 4 below and the reader is also directed to Figures 1 4 for illustrative purposes These readings and viewpoints have allowed the baseline lighting conditions on the Site and in the immediate area to be benchmarked. 13

19 Table 4: Baseline Lighting Conditions Recorded on the Site and in the Surrounding Area and Details of the ILE Environmental Zone Criteria Location Facing North Vertical Illuminance (Lux) Facing East Facing South Facing West Horizontal Illuminance (Lux) ILE Zone Criteria Baseline Survey Comments In front of the Community Hall located on Walworth Road approximately 20m away from a 6m high pressure sodium horizontal cut-off street light; NV E2 Occasional 6m high pressure sodium horizontal cut-off street lighting at approximately 150m intervals was observed along Walworth Road; Halogen security lighting associated with the residential property Ingleside was noted to the north; and Sky glow was observed to the west towards Andover. Refer to Figure 2 At the entrance of Ox Drove Cul-de-sac which is unlit with the exception of one wall mounted external property light and some light spill from residential properties within the cul-de-sac; and NV E2 6m high pressure sodium horizontal cut-off street lighting observed approximately 50 to the north associated with Walworth Road. Surrounding fields and parcels of land are unlit. Refer to Figure 3 Within an unlit agricultural field to the south of Ox Drove; NV E2 A E3 B E2 Minimal residential lighting associated with Melrose Farm and Fallanden noted to the east and west respectively; Sky glow was observed to the west towards Andover. Refer to Figure 4 Rear of 9a Walworth Road adjacent to Warehouse which is lit by wall mounted halogen floodlights. Floodlights are mounted at approximately 4m; and The area is well contained and screened by fences and / or hedgerows. Located on Walworth Road with occasional 6m high pressure sodium horizontal cut-off street lighting at approximately 150m spacing; and Sky glow was observed to the west towards Andover. 14

20 Location Facing North Vertical Illuminance (Lux) Facing East Facing South Facing West Horizontal Illuminance (Lux) ILE Zone Criteria Baseline Survey Comments Located within the Commercial Centre which is fairly well lit throughout; C E3 D E2 E E2 F E2 G E2 H E2 8no. wall mounted halogen lamps and 1no. wall mounted tungsten lamps were observed; and The commercial centre was well contained and heavily screened by the buildings as well as conifers, the railway embankment and high walls. Located on Walworth Road at the entrance of Painters Meadow Private Close which was unlit; and The only light observed was some light spill from residential properties within the Close. Represents an unlit playing field; and Some evidence of sky glow to the west towards Andover. Represents an unlit piece of land which is well screened by vegetation on all sides as well as the railway embankment. Located on Walworth Road with occasional 6m high pressure sodium horizontal cut-off street lighting, the nearest of which is approximately 50m to the east; Some light spill from surrounding residential properties observed; and Sky glow observed to the west towards Andover. Located on Ox Drove which is unlit with high hedges either side of the road; and Minimal amounts of light spill observed from adjacent residential properties. Surrounding fields and parcels of land are unlit. I E2 Located on Ox Drove which is unlit with high hedges either side of the road. J E2 K E3 Located at Harewood Farm entrance which was unlit, although some flood lighting was evident further into the farm although this was not accessed; The London Road (B3400) is also unlit; and Some light spill from surrounding residential properties was observed. Located within Walworth Industrial Estate which was generally fairly well lit; 6m high pressure sodium full horizontal cut-off street lighting at approximate 20m spacing observed; 15

21 Location Facing North Vertical Illuminance (Lux) Facing East Facing South Facing West Horizontal Illuminance (Lux) ILE Zone Criteria Baseline Survey Comments 1no. 6m low pressure sodium shallow bowl street lighting observed; and it is anticipated that this area is lit throughout the hours of darkness. L E3 Located at the edge of the Walworth Industrial Estate which is fairly well lit, although lighting along Walworth Road ends at the edge of the eastern boundary of the industrial estate as it leads to Picket Piece; 8m high pressure sodium full horizontal cut-off street lighting observed on Walworth Road up to the point that it leaves the industrial estate; and 6m low pressure sodium shallow bowl street lighting observed on North way. M E2 Located outside Finkley Manor Farm on Finkley Road which was unlit Although many of the readings shown in Table 4 above fall within ILE Zone Criteria E1, due to the proximity to Andover and the presence of some light spill from residential dwellings, street lighting and occasional security lighting in the area it is not considered that these locations represent intrinsically dark areas as defined by the ILE. As such professional judgement has been used and the above locations have been classified as ILE Zone Criteria E2 low district brightness areas representing rural, small village, or relatively dark urban locations. 16

22 4.5 FUTURE BASELINE Should no further development take place on the Site it is considered likely that the Site and immediate surrounding area would remain categorised as an E2 Environmental Zone (post curfew), characteristic of a low district brightness area, with occasional use of floodlighting associated with the commercial centre and warehouse off Walworth Road which would be classified as an E3 Environmental Zone (post curfew), characteristic of a medium district brightness area as stipulated in the ILE Guidance Notes (ILE, 2005) Some authorities and private firms are increasingly leaving some lighting turned off as a result of the cost of energy and the climate change agenda. Over time, a gradual replacement of certain lighting columns and fittings in the wider area may allow an improvement to the existing conditions through the introduction of less obtrusive lighting, although the area was not considered to be overly lit Drivers for changes may include energy efficiency or concerns on light nuisance. 17

23 5 Key Issues & Recommended Mitigation: Construction Phase 5.1 LIGHTING REQUIRED DURING CONSTRUCTION It is anticipated that the main construction works will be associated with site clearance and preparation works, the installation of temporary and permanent access roads and footpaths, the construction of the proposed residential units, local centre and school Good practice guidance documents prepared by The Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) note that lighting on construction sites is typically required as part of on-site security and health and safety requirements. However, the online CIRIA Guidance ( also notes that potential effects towards surrounding receptors need to be minimised through the controlled application of lighting in accordance with current best practice standards It is anticipated that the temporary lighting requirements during construction may include the following: Floodlighting and security lighting associated with temporary car parking areas and within the construction compound, which will be typically required for health and safety and security purposes; Security and health and safety lighting associated with ongoing working areas (when working during the late afternoon in the winter period); Internal and external lighting associated with the temporary office units and other facilities in the construction compound; and Light required for operational purposes associated with construction when working during the late afternoon in winter months Artificial lighting is likely to result in temporary light spill, glare and sky glow if lighting is poorly controlled. However, lighting provided during the construction phase will be temporary, with the construction works likely to be phased over approximately 6 years Potential disturbance from lights associated with plant and construction vehicles is considered unlikely and minimal (as working hours should be limited to construction industry standard hours) The potential key lighting impacts, which are typically associated with construction sites and are likely to be relevant to the construction works, potentially affecting the sensitive receptors outlined in Section 4, are considered below. 5.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION LIGHTING The effects of lighting during the construction and operational phase have been determined by comparison against the predicted changes in baseline lighting conditions, summarised in Table As identified in Section 3, the residential properties on Walworth Road, Ox Drove and Ox Drove Rise have the potential to be affected by light spill and glare from temporary lighting during the construction phase In addition, given the Site s location and the nature of the surrounding area it is possible that the temporary effects of glare from the construction lighting could affect road users in some locations along Walworth Road and Ox Drove and those utilising footpaths. However, given the screening afforded by the existing vegetation within the Site and along much of the Site s boundaries, the effect of glare and light spill on road users and pedestrians is considered to be minimal and pedestrian activity during the hours of darkness is also likely to be minimal. 18

24 Mitigation Construction Environmental Management Plan and Best Practice Design A Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will be prepared and agreed with TVBC in advance of commencement of the construction activities. The CEMP is likely to identify the location of the contractor s compound, material storage areas, temporary parking areas, highway works and temporary security/health and safety lighting throughout the construction programme to ensure that the siting of such features considers the surrounding sensitive receptors and that any disturbance impact from lighting is reduced to a minimum. This will ensure that the effects on neighbouring residential receptors are minimised In order to reduce the impacts of lighting during the construction phase on sensitive receptors, the following best practice measures as recommended by the ILE, CIRIA and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) should be implemented as part of the CEMP: A named individual for the public to contact should there be any complaints related to temporary lighting installations; Specified working hours, uses of lighting, the location of temporary floodlights and construction compound should be agreed in advance with TVBC. The CEMP should indicate the proposed location of the construction compound for each phase of construction. The proposed location of the compound and storage areas should take into consideration the location of sensitive receptors and should respect the proximity to nearby sensitive receptors; Lighting should to be switched off when not required unless specifically needed for construction activities or for security and/or health and safety requirements; Glare caused by poorly directed security and floodlighting will be minimised by ensuring that light fittings are horizontally mounted and directed away from the boundaries of the Site. Temporary lighting fixtures should be installed and designed to provide full cut-off or should be directionally shielded to ensure that artificial light is controlled and substantially confined to the defined area intended to be illuminated; The use of appropriate hoarding (if deemed necessary) will contain surface level illumination on the boundaries of the construction areas (the retained walls will do likewise); Light spill will be minimised by avoiding poorly sited lights on the boundary of the Site or in particularly sensitive areas of the Site. In particular, lighting will be located and directed so that it does not cause unnecessary intrusion to adjacent residential properties; and Contribution to sky glow will be minimised by the use of modern floodlights with appropriate tilt angles and shields to avoid upward light loss In terms of health and safety requirements during the construction phases, the following best practice measures as recommended by the ILE, CIRIA and the HSE will be implemented as part of the CEMP, taking into account the measures above: Any temporary detours of vehicles or pedestrians (e.g. any temporary footpath diversions) around the construction site should be clearly visible at all times; Construction area fences located near existing roadways or walkways should be appropriately lit to assist in defining the limits of the construction area for motorists and pedestrians; Temporary walkways, roads and parking areas should be illuminated to the same intensity in accordance with current guidance stipulated in the ILE Guidance Notes of the Reduction of Obtrusive Light (2005); and Should hoarding be required during the construction phases, care should be taken to avoid these casting shadows on surrounding and adjacent footpaths and roads which may otherwise compromise safety. Post Installation Check Up and Monitoring It is recommended that post installation checks and monitoring of the temporary lighting installations is undertaken to ensure that correct tilting angles and appropriate direction of lighting are being achieved. 19

25 Adjustments can be made, where necessary, should undue light spill or glare be identified. This should be considered as part of the CEMP. Such monitoring would ensure that during the construction period levels of lighting are maintained in accordance with best practice standards, and would ensure that likely impacts associated with the introduction of temporary artificial light sources are minimised by illuminating only those areas required for on-site safety and security purposes during the hours of darkness. Summary Many of the potential effects on residential properties and the night-time scene associated with temporary lighting will be mitigated by application of the measures outlined above. Retention of some existing vegetation at the boundaries of the Site will also screen areas of construction from view and hence significantly reduce any lighting impacts The potential impacts of lighting will be temporary and phased over approximately 6 years and during the hours of darkness only. The required mitigation will be delivered through the adoption and management of the CEMP by the on-site contractor, which will accord with TVBC s requirements. Potential temporary lighting impacts will therefore we reduced to an acceptable level in line with best practice. 20

26 6 Key Issues & Recommended Mitigation: Operational Phase 6.1 LIGHTING REQUIRED DURING OPERATION Due to the nature of the Overall Development, lighting will be required as follows: Street lighting (c. 6m columns) within the residential built development areas; Highways lighting (c. 8-10m columns) on the primary access points and primary internal roads; Security and health and safety lighting within the local centre area and school; and Residents are likely to install security lighting at their properties This will result in an increase in artificial lighting installations in the area compared to the baseline unlit site conditions (refer to Table 4). 6.2 FUTURE DETAILED LIGHTING DESIGN Future detailed lighting design(s) for the built development components of the Overall Development will be prepared at the detailed design stages for each phase and presented to TVBC for approval. However for the purposes of this outline assessment it is anticipated that impacts from artificial lighting could arise as a result of the following: Type and specification of the lighting equipment used; The location and height of columns; and The intensity of the light source The future detailed lighting design(s) will be informed by the outline parameters and principles set out in this assessment and will consider best practice standards and technology, as appropriate, and agreed with TVBC. The artificial lighting specification and design for each phase of the Overall Development will be prepared by a specialist lighting engineer with due regard to the sensitivities of surrounding receptors As the existing lighting conditions on the Site are typically representative of an E2 Environmental Zone, it is recommended that the lighting conditions on the Site accord with a stringent standard for light spill and upward light loss (an E2 standard is recommended) To accord with an E2 Environmental Zone requirement (ILE, 2005), the lighting specification will include the appropriate selection of light fittings and luminaire design to ensure that the intensity and direction of the lighting is controlled through retaining tilting angles at or close to the horizontal to ensure that the effects of light spill, glare and sky glow are minimised. Consideration would be given, where applicable, to the measures in appropriate best practice guidance and standards (refer to Section 8) Many of the impacts previously identified can be mitigated through the use of best practice design, choice of mounting heights and careful location and installation of lighting columns and fittings as set out above. 6.3 LANDSCAPING In addition to the primary mitigation represented by the future lighting design(s) which is recommended to accord with an E2 Environmental Zone, retention of some of the existing vegetation and landscape screening is proposed within and on boundaries of the Overall Development. Together with the retention of a significant extent of existing vegetation screening the landscape treatments (detailed landscape design(s) will be drawn up at later reserved matters stages) will assist in confining and screening many of the visible illuminated areas and the extent of light spill. This is viewed as secondary mitigation to further reduce any effects of potential residual light spill and glare associated with the Overall Development. 21

27 6.3.2 The proposed landscape treatment will help to screen the light spill and glare from artificial lighting within the Site, and, therefore, reduce the impact of introduced artificial light sources and the effects of light spill and glare towards sensitive receptors. 6.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM OPERATIONAL LIGHTING The installation of new lighting at the Site has the potential to result in glare and light spill which could result in light nuisance to nearby existing residential and ecological receptors and impact on the nighttime scene (compared to the baseline conditions). The nearest existing residential receptors are those properties identified in Section 4, located along Walworth Road, Ox Drove and Ox Drove Rise. Mitigation In addition to the mitigating effects of the landscaping and screening detailed above, the potential effects resulting from glare and light spill on surrounding residential properties can be further minimised by implementing the following best practice methods for lighting: use of shields or hoods to effectively screen the visible light source from the observer; ensuring that the main beam angle of all lights is retained to a minimum. The recommended angle for lights directed towards any potential observer is not more than 70 degrees. For the Overall Development angles near to the horizontal should be maintained to meet the E2 Environmental Zone requirements; careful selection of luminaries and their location in relation to the Site boundary to minimise light spill; and configuration of buildings on-site to prevent direct views of artificial lighting installations (e.g. service courtyards and car parking areas) from surrounding properties The highways and street lighting should be designed in accordance with current recognised Road Lighting Standards (BS :2003; BS EN :2003; BS EN :2003) and should utilise low light pollution, flat glass luminaires throughout. The level of light spill achieved will minimise the effects on existing and future sensitive receptors The potential effects of sky glow impacting upon the current night time environment will be reduced as the detailed lighting designs should incorporate modern fittings for the street and highways lighting, designed to best practice which meets the E2 requirement for sky glow, under the ILE guidance (ILE, 2005). Non-reflective surfaces are recommended to be used in suitable areas, to reduce reflected light contributing to sky glow. 22

28 7 Summary The external lit environment on and in the immediate vicinity of the Site was assessed as part of the baseline lighting survey undertaken on 12 th October Readings of both illuminance (light spill) and luminance (glare and sky glow) were recorded at key locations to benchmark the current night time scene The Site is generally considered indicative of an E2 Environmental Zone ( low district brightness area) with occasionally well-lit areas in close proximity to the Site (e.g. Picket Piece Commercial Centre and Walworth Industrial Estate to the west) which are considered to be indicative of an E3 Environmental Zone ( medium district brightness area) During the construction phase, which is anticipated to be phased over approximately 6 years, temporary lighting impacts are likely to be associated with the requirement for lighting to illuminate car parking areas and the contractor s compound, whilst working areas will require lighting for the late afternoons during the winter months only. In order to mitigate temporary impacts on surrounding sensitive receptors the lighting requirements at the Site will be managed as part of a Construction Environmental Management Plan (which will also manage other construction related impacts). Installed lighting will involve the use of well located, modern light fittings which are directionally controlled and will be in accordance with current best practice standards and agreed with Test Valley Borough Council (TVBC). The temporary lighting will be specific to the areas that require illumination during the night-time period to ensure both on-site safety and security. Measures will be taken to ensure that the effects of light spill and glare (nuisance) towards sensitive receptors are effectively mitigated During the operational phase, the introduction of permanent artificial light sources required to service the needs of the development will result in changes to the current baseline conditions within the Site. New sources of lighting are expected to include: Street lighting (c. 6m columns) within the residential built development areas; Highways lighting (c. 8-10m columns) on the primary access points and primary internal roads; Security and health and safety lighting within the local centre area and school; and Residents are likely to install security lighting at their properties The effects on sensitive receptors should be mitigated as far as is practicable by the retention of existing vegetation, where possible, and through the implementation of a best practice lighting design (to be produced at the detailed design stage). It is recommended that lighting conditions on the Overall Development accord with current best practice to control light spill, glare and sky glow and that lighting is designed to an ILE E2 standard. 23

29 8 References Documentary Sources Highways Act 1980 Public Health Act 1985 Parish Councils Act 1957 Local Government Act 1996 Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002 Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 Highways (Road Hump) Regulations 1999 Public Health Act 1985 Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 Environmental Protection Act 1990 Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (October 2004) Planning Policy Statement 23: Planning and Pollution Control Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) for the South East The South East Plan Test Valley Borough Local Plan (June 2006) (Ref. 10.7) Test Valley Borough Local Development Framework Core Strategy Preferred Development Options, Part C Development Control Policies, January 2008 Commission Internationale De L Eclairage (CIE - International Commission on Illumination (2003)). CIE 150:2003. Guide on the Limitation of the Effects of Obtrusive Light from Outdoor Lighting Installations CIE (1997). CIE 126:1997. Guidelines for Minimising Sky Glow Institution of Lighting Engineers (ILE) (2005) Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light Institution of Lighting Engineers and Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bats and Lighting in the UK: Bats and the Built Environment Series; DEFRA (2001) Lighting in the Countryside: Towards Good Practice BS 5489 (2003) Code of Practice for the Design of Road Lighting Part 1: Lighting of Roads and Public Amenity Areas BS (2003) Road Lighting Part 2: Performance Requirements BS (2003) Road Lighting :2003 Online Sources Institution of Lighting Engineers The Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) Compliance Plus Lighting: Lighting Industry Federation Society of Light and Lighting (subsidiary of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) 24

30 Figures

31 Night Time Viewpoint and Monitoring Locations Figure 1 Key Site Boundary: Phase 1 Site Boundary: Subsequent Phases 1 Viewpoint Locations A Monitoring Locations M A C B F D 1 G H E 3 A 2 F C B I G D H L E I K J Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey maps with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown Copyright WSP Environmental Ltd Licence No. AL PROJECT: PROJECT No: CLIENT: Development Ltd DRAWN: GH CHECKED: MW APPROVED: CR REVISION: A DATE: December 2009

32 Night Time Viewpoint 1 Figure 2 View South View West Street light: 1279 Light spill from street light on Walworth Minimal sky glow towards Andover with generally good screening: 0.03 Internal lighting associated with community building Light spill from residential properties View North View East Halogen security lighting associated with Ingleside: m high pressure sodium street lighting on Walworth Road: 1767 All values in cd/m PROJECT: PROJECT No: CLIENT: Development Ltd DRAWN: CHECKED: APPROVED: REVISION: DATE: GH MW CR A November

33 Night Time Viewpoint 2 Figure 3 View West View North View East Minimal sky glow towards Andover with Walworth Industrial Estate in foreground: m high pressure sodium street lighting on Walworth Road: External lighting associated with residential building Vegetation screening beyond Walwoth Road 47 External lighting associated with residential building All values in cd/m 2 PROJECT: PROJECT No: CLIENT: Development Ltd DRAWN: GH CHECKED: MW APPROVED: CR REVISION: A DATE: November 2009

34 Night Time Viewpoint 3 Figure 4 View West View North View East Minimal sky glow towards Andover with Walworth Industrial Estate in foreground: Lighting associated with Picket Piece Commercial Centre: Light spill from residential properties Light spill from residential properties All values in cd/m 2 PROJECT: PROJECT No: CLIENT: Development Ltd DRAWN: GH CHECKED: MW APPROVED: CR REVISION: A DATE: November 2009

35 Appendix 1 Institution of Lighting Engineers Guidance Notes

36 The Institution of Lighting Engineers Website GUIDANCE NOTES FOR THE REDUCTION OF OBTRUSIVE LIGHT ALL LIVING THINGS adjust their behaviour according to natural light. Man's invention of artificial light has done much to enhance our night-time environment but, if not properly controlled, obtrusive light (commonly referred to as light pollution) can present serious physiological and ecological problems. Obtrusive Light, whether it keeps you awake through a bedroom window or impedes your view of the night sky, is a form of pollution and can be substantially reduced without detriment to the lighting task. Sky glow, the brightening of the night sky above our towns, cities and countryside, Glare the uncomfortable brightness of a light source when viewed against a dark background, and Light Trespass, the spilling of light beyond the boundary of the property or area being lit, are all forms of obtrusive light which may cause nuisance to others, waste money and electricity and result in the unnecessary emissions of greenhouse gases. Think before you light. Is it necessary? What effect will it have on others? Will it cause a nuisance? How can I minimise the problem? Do not "over" light. This is a major cause of obtrusive light and is a waste of energy. There are published standards for most lighting tasks, adherence to which will help minimise upward reflected light. Organisations from which full details of these standards can be obtained are given on the last page of this leaflet. Dim or switch off lights when the task is finished. Generally a lower level of lighting will suffice to enhance the night time scene than that required for safety and security. ILE Copyright