Comparison from practices of EIA in 4 different Member States focused on Natura 2000 & NL coastal region
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1 Comparison from practices of EIA in 4 different Member States focused on Natura 2000 & NL coastal region Ameland (ECONAT2000) February 2008 Pieter Slim
2 Comparison from practices EIA/BHDs in FR, BE, UK & NL
3 esearch was done by EU project NEW! Delta : Ports and Nature, Striking a New Balance
4 Pooling Resources for Natura 2000 Research partner cases EU legislation > Natura 2000 Question list for NEW! Delta partners Individual meeting with partners Meeting experts from European Commission Meeting experts from National Ministries
5 onclusions mportant benchmarks & common practices were: 1 Stakeholders involvement 2 Significant effects 3 Alternative solutions 4 MITIGATION 5 IROPI 6 COMPENSATION 7 Monitoring Additional: External effects, Cumulative effects
6 1 Stakeholders involvement HD 92/43 Art 6 3: opinion of the general public Directive 85/337: public consultation is necessary Århus Convention 98: public participation in decisionmaking & access in environmental matters EU Water Framework Directive: public participation is identified
7 2 Significant effects, incl. precautionary principle, cumulative effects HD 92/43 Art 6 3 objective context coherent network precautionary principle possible cumulative effects Directive 85/337 likely to have significant effect (depending situation) 5% species loss? 1% area loss?
8 3 Alternative solutions Projects or plans with adverse effects on Natura 2000 site can only proceed, as objectively concluded that no alternative solutions exist Alternatives solutions: alternative locations, processes, different scales or designs Reference parameters for comparison: integrity of the site, of its ecological functions In this phase: economic criteria can not overrule ecological criteria
9 4 MITIGATION Extension Port of Antwerp (BE): ecological connecting zones guaranteeing favourable status of HDprotected Natterjack Toad Bufo calamita: photograph F. Ottburg
10 5 IROPI HD 92/43 Art 6 3: Imperative Reasons of Overriding Public Interest Member State has the power to elaborate its national policies Supported with evidence demonstrable public or environmental need improving public health and safety safeguarding human life and property No commonly accepted method
11 Disaster flooding S-W part of The Netherlands, 1953, 1835 casualties > coastal defence: Deltaplan Climate change > sea level rise > improving coastal defence 2006: Zwakke schakels IROPI Prioritaire zwakke schakels Den Helder - Callantsoog Petten Hondsbossche zeewering Camperduin Noordwijk aan Zee Scheveningen Hoek van Holland - Kijkduin Flaauwe Werk / De Kwade Hoek Zuidwestkust Walcheren West-Zeeuws-Vlaanderen km
12 6 COMPENSATION Compensation only after 3) Alternative solutions 4) MITIGATION & 5) IROPI Overall coherence Natura 2000 network As near as possible to original location Same biogeographical region To be realised before project/plan carried out With respect to existing natural values on that new place! Better: avoid necessity compensatory measures!
13 6 Compensation Safety as the goal, Nature as the means Natural processes for a flexible ecosystem Habitat development: sustainable populations in a dynamic landscape An attractive landscape for tourism and recreational activities Delfland Vincent Kuypers, Alterra
14 6 Compensation With respect to existing natural values on that new place! The Sand lizard lives in the most dynamic part of the dunes, was already ones practically wiped out Choice: respect actual habitat and create new! Lacerta agilis: photograph F. Ottburg Vincent Kuypers, Alterra
15 6 Compensation POR Ht 2190 Compensation dune slacks
16 Compensation breeding habitat Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) 6 Compensation POR Metapopulation is a set of local populations connected by dispersing animals
17 7 Monitoring habitats & species A) Obligation for Favourable status: actual conservation status and its trends on various levels reported to the Commission to be comparable an compatible for analysis on EU scale information available on publicly and easily accessible electronic databases on their own initiative B) Evaluating Mitigation & Compensation
18 7 Monitoring for A) Favourable status Inventarisatie Mosselbanken Voorjaar 2004 RIVO Mytilus edulis Conservation status of mussel beds favourable: Distribution throughout SAC (occurs in all suitable places) Minimum area size of habitat type is present or exceeded % covered by mussels is average or good Natural processes (like spatfall) safeguard occurrence on the long term Cor Smit, Wageningen IMARES
19 7 Monitoring for B) Evaluating Mitigation & Compensation North Sea Germany Ameland gas extraction Wadden Sea Wadden Sea e ppt 19
20 7 Monitoring for B) Evaluating Mitigation & Compensation Ameland 1986 gas extraction started 2003 assessed soil subsidence 27 cm 2020 predicted soil subsidence cm Data NAM e ppt 20
21 7 Monitoring habitats & species important rules of thumb Permanent programme without additions, persistent, long time series Flexibility for new insights, for additional events, etc. External supervisors
22 External effects EU BD (SPAs) EU HD (SACs)
23 External effects Possible external effect from extension Port of Rotterdam > BHDprotected Wadden Sea? Court case: research to be done Judgement: no external effects C o a s t a l r i v e r Wadden Sea Port
24 Cumulative effects Art. 6 (3) Habitats Directive: either individually or in combination with other plans or projects The sum of effects from projects inside or around a Natura 2000 site Effects, who combined can result in a significant effect
25 Cumulation Project 1 Project 2 Estuary Natura 2000 site Single project: Combined projects: NO significant effect DO have a significant effect Stefanie Bus, IMI
26 Types of cumulation Cumulation within an activity (several negative impacts inside an activity) Cumulation of space (other activities) Cumulation at points in time Important issues for cumulation Ecological knowledge Boundaries for the assessment Establishing responsibilities Characterising of potential impacts Mitigation options Registration/ database
27 Cumulation The sum of effects from projects inside or around a Natura 2000 site.
28 umulative effects IA coastal defence (IROPI) POR Coastal defence (CD) Enlarging Port of Rotterdam (POR) Opening sluices former estuary (HV) CD Natura 2000 (SPA, SAC) CD ROTTERDAM VOORNE Liparis loeselii HV
29 Thank You for Your attention! Contact Alterra Wageningen UR
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