1 ISM Document and Training Roadmap. Challenges/ Opportunities. Principles. Systematic Planning. Statistical Design. Field.

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1 1 ISM Document and Training Roadmap Training Module ISM Document Introduction Challenges/ Opportunities Section 8 Plan Principles Systematic Planning Section 2 Section 3 Part 1 Statistical Design Section 4 Implement Field Implementation Lab Processing Section 5 Section 6 Part 2 Assess Making Decisions Section 7 Application ISM Opportunities

2 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching eisting data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE MAR REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED to TITLE AND SUBTITLE ISM Document and Training Roadmap: Systematic Planning Learning Objectives 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC),50 F Street NW Ste 350,Washington,DC, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR S ACRONYM(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR S REPORT NUMBER(S) 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Presented at the 9th Annual DoD Environmental Monitoring and Data Quality (EDMQ) Workshop Held March 2012 in La Jolla, CA. U.S. Government or Federal Rights License 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 32 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

3 2 Systematic Planning Learning Objectives Learn how to: Conduct systematic planning steps important to ISM Conceptual Site Model (CSM) Risk pathways and contaminants of concern Project objectives (Sampling and Data Quality Objectives (DOQs)) Determine Decision Units (DUs) Information used to develop DUs Why DUs are important Types of DUs Real world eamples (i.e., case studies) ITRC, ISM-1, Section 3

4 3 No Data Quality Objective (DQO)/Decision Units? Bad Data! Designating Decision Units (DUs) arguably most important aspect of ISM from a regulatory perspective Selection of DUs determines Where samples are being collected How many DU selection determines whether the data are able to satisfy the project objectives, both sampling objectives and data quality objectives

5 4 Systematic Planning and Implementation Develop Conceptual Site Model (CSM) Identify contaminants and project objectives Identify data needed and how it will be used Define Decision Units (DUs) Key Step of ISM Develop decision statements Collect samples to characterize DUs Evaluate data ITRC, ISM-1, Table 3-1

6 5 Conceptual Site Model (CSM) Prevailing Wind Direction Ecotoicity Direct Eposure Leaching Leaching Soil Stream Stream Vapor Intrusion Gross Contamination Free Product Dissolved plume Discharge to aquatic habitats ITRC, ISM-1, Figure 3-2 Groundwater Drinking Water

7 6 Data/Information Needs What receptors and pathways are being evaluated? What are your sampling objectives? Are there multiple sampling objectives that must be met? What is the scale of decision making? What population parameter is of interest? The key is the volume over which the mean should be estimated.

8 7 Eample Sampling Objectives Estimate the mean concentration of contaminants in a pre-determined volume of soil (i.e., DU) Delineate the etent of contamination above screening levels Estimate the potential risk to receptors posed by the soil contamination Evaluate background metals concentrations in soil Confirmation sampling following remediation

9 8 Designating Decision Units (DUs) Information used to develop DUs Why DUs are so important Types of DUs Eamples Stakeholder Agreement

10 9 Decision Units (DUs) The volume of soil where samples are to be collected and decisions made based on the resulting data. Source Areas Eposure Areas Size, shape and type of DU are an outcome of systematic planning and depend on site specific data quality objectives. ITRC, ISM-1, Section 3.3

11 10 Why ISM Is Important A B C Eample Soil Plume Map Concentrations can vary several orders of magnitude within a DU at the scale of a discrete sample Freq. Freq. Area A. Heavy Contamination (DU Mode and Mean Fail Action Level) Mode Mean Action Level Can t Miss Area B. Moderate Contamination (DU Mean Fails Action Level) False Negatives Action Level Area C. Low Contamination (DU Mode and Mean Pass Action Level) ITRC, ISM-1, Figure 2-15 Freq. Action Level False Positives

12 11 Traditional Site Investigation Approach Proposed Discrete Samples (30) DU-1 Potential Concerns Inadequate number of sample points to define outward boundaries High risk of False Negatives and False Positives Confusion over single point hot spots Cost of 30 analyses Sample points should be randomly located for estimation of eposure point concentration (EPC)

13 12 ISM Approach (Option 1) Designate an eposure area DU assuming no source area Increment location Advantages More representative Risk evaluation objective identified up front Increments randomly and evenly spaced to minimize size of hot spot missed Quick and cheap if minimal contamination suspected Disadvantages Additional sampling required if DU fails

14 13 ISM Approach (Option 2) DU-1 Four Decision Units DU-2 DU-4 DU-3 Advantages Addresses both source area and perimeter as well as directional variability if an eceedance is found Best approach to minimize additional sampling Will minimize remediation volumes if DU eceeds screening level If increments are collected using cores, vertical delineation is easily done with stacked DUs

15 14 Suspected Lead Paint and Pesticides Around House and in Yard Source Area DU: perimeter of house Eposure Area DU: remainder of the yard Do lead or pesticides eceed action levels around the house or in the yard?

16 15 Former Pesticide Miing Area (0.5 acres) 50 Suspected heavy contamination with arsenic, dioins (from PCP) and leachable pesticides

17 16 Source Area and Eposure Area DU Designation Source Area DUs (triazine pesticides; leaching hazards) Eposure Area DUs (arsenic and dioins; direct eposure hazards) Primary objective is to delineate the source area and the etent of contamination.

18 17 Former Pesticide Miing Area Perimeter DUs 50 Source Area DUs: Heavy contamination + leaching Eposure Area DUs: Maimum 5,000 ft 2

19 18 Former Power Plant Proposed Community Center Transformer repair area Primary objective is to identify and delineate source area and etent of contamination that eceeds action levels. 100

20 19 Former Power Plant Decision Unit Designation *Small Source Area DUs (ma 3,000 ft 2, 400 yds 3 ) *Larger Eposure Area DUs (up to 10,000 ft 2, 1,000 yds 3 ) *Assuming 3 depth 100

21 20 Really Big Decision Units (DU)! (400-acre former sugarcane field) Source Area DU (investigated separately) Initial Screening DU Residual pesticide levels? OK for residential development? Lot-Scale Resolution Hypothetical lots 5,000 ft 2 Eposure Area May also be required Primary objective is to determine if property can be developed for residential use.

22 21 Really Small Decision Units??? What about the Sandbo!? Yard-size DUs are most often appropriate If acute hazards or intense eposure are being evaluated, smaller DUs may be necessary Not typical Investigate known or suspected source areas separately Remember: As sampling objectives change, so must the sampling design

23 22 Why DUs (and ISM) are Important (Discrete Sample Data) >Action Level <Action Level Discrete data: Estimated 10,000 ft 2 soil? PCB sample aliquot = 30 grams (one spoonful of soil) 100

24 23 Why DUs (and ISM) are Important (ISM Sample Data) > Action Levels < Action Levels ISM Data: Estimated 25,000+ ft 2 soil (perimeter DUs pending)

25 24 Why ISM Is Important A B C Freq. Area A. Heavy Contamination (DU Mode and Mean Fail Action Level) Mode Mean Can t Miss Eample Soil Plume Map Concentrations can vary several orders of magnitude within a DU at the scale of a discrete sample Freq. Action Level Area B. Moderate Contamination (DU Mean Fails Action Level) False Negatives Action Level Area C. Low Contamination (DU Mode and Mean Pass Action Level) Freq. Action Level False Positives

26 25 Why Discrete Samples Miss Contamination in the Field Area average PASSES (Isolated False Positives) Area average FAILS (Majority False Negatives) Area average FAILS (Isolated False Negatives) Above Action Level A B C Below Action Level

27 26 Ecavation Decision Units Floor and sides tested as separate DUs DU-3 DU-1 X - Increment Sampling Locations ITRC, ISM-1, Section and Figure 3-11

28 27 Stockpile Decision Units 10 m ITRC, ISM-1, Section and Figure 3-10

29 28 Subsurface Decision Units Core Increments 30 Borings (ideal) DU-1 DU-2 DU-3 DU-4-10 not to scale Individual core samples combined to prepare an ISM sample for each DU ITRC, ISM-1, Section and Figure 3-8

30 29 Decision Unit (DU) Highlights Determining DU size and location Use all available information Determine Data Quality Objectives Establish DUs with risk assessment and remedial goals in mind from the start Many random increments required (30 to 50+) Capture the effects of heterogeneity Characterize a DU

31 30 Decision Unit Highlights (continued) ISM samples More efficient and cost effective method Minimize the size of undetected hot spots Represent larger volumes, i.e., DUs Tight grids of screening data can be useful to locate suspected source areas for better DU designation, if needed

32 31 Summary: Systematic Planning Conduct Systematic Planning It s important to develop a CSM before beginning a sampling design Be sure that your sampling design will achieve your sampling objectives Be certain that your sampling design will provide the kind of data necessary to fulfill the sampling objectives Decision Unit designation Make sure that all site information has been used to develop your DUs Be sure that your scale of decision making aligns with your sampling objectives

33 32 ISM Document and Training Roadmap Training Module ISM Document Introduction Challenges/ Opportunities Section 8 Plan Principles Systematic Planning Section 2 Section 3 Part 1 Statistical Design Section 4 Implement Field Implementation Lab Processing Section 5 Section 6 Part 2 Assess Making Decisions Section 7 Application ISM Opportunities