Volts. Ohms. Alkalinity, mg/l as CaCO 3 = Amps = Area of Circle* = (0.785)(Diameter 2 ) Area of Circle = (π)(radius 2 )

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1 Alkalinity, mg/l as CaCO = (Titrant,mL)(Acid Normality)(50,000) Sample,mL Volts Amps = Ohms of Circle* = (0.785)(Diameter ) of Circle = (π)(radius ) of Cone (lateral area) = ()(Radius) Radius Height of Cone (total surface area) = ()(Radius)(Radius + Radius Height ) of Cylinder (total exterior surface area) = [End #1 SA] + [End # SA] + [()(Diameter)(Height or Depth)] Where SA = surface area of Rectangle* = (Length)(Width) of Right Triangle* = (Base)(Height) Average (arithmetic mean) = Sumof All Terms Number of Terms Average (geometric mean) = [(X 1 )(X )(X )(X 4 )(X n )] 1/n The nth root of the product of n numbers Biochemical Oxygen Demand (seeded), mg/l = [(InitialDO, mg/l) - (Final DO, mg/l) - Seed Correction Factor, mg/l)][00 ml] Biochemical Oxygen Demand (unseeded), mg/l = ml of Sample [(InitialDO, mg/l)- (FinalDO, mg/l)][00ml] ml of Sample # CFU/100mL = [(# of Colonieson Plate)(100) ml of Sample DesiredFlow Chemical Feed Pump Setting, % Stroke = 100% MaximumFlow (Flow, MGD)(Dose, mg/l)(.785 L/gal)(1,000,000 gal/mg) Chemical Feed Pump Setting, ml/min = (Liquid, mg/ml)(1,440 min/day) Chemical Feed Pump Setting, ml/min = (Chemical (Flow, m /day)(dose, mg/l) Feed Density, g/cm )(Active Chemical, %)(1,440 min/day) *Pie Wheel Format for this equation Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, is available at the end of this document Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page 1 of 8

2 Circumference of Circle = ()(Diameter) Composite Sample Single Portion = (Instantaneous Flow)(Total Sample ) (Number of Portions)(Average Flow) Cycle Time, min = Cycle Time, min = F Degrees Celsius = 1.8 Storage, gal (Pump Capacity, gpm)- (Wet Well Inflow, gpm) (Pump Capacity, m Degrees Fahrenheit = (ºC)(1.8) + Storage, m /min) - (Wet Well Inflow, m /min) Detention Time = Flow Units must be compatible Electromotive Force, volts* = (Current, amps)(resistance, ohms) Feed Rate, lbs/day* = (Dosage, mg/l)(flow, MGD)(8.4 lbs/gal) Purity, % expressed as a decimal Feed Rate, kg/day = (Dosage, mg/l)(flow Rate, /day) (Purity, % expressed as a decimal)(1,000) m Flow, gpm Filter Backwash Rate, gpm/ft = Filter,ft Filter Backwash Rate, L/m = Flow, L/sec Filter, m (Backwash Rate, gpm/ft Filter Backwash Rise Rate, in/min = 7.48 gal/ft Filter Backwash Rise Rate, cm/min = Filter Yield, lbs/hr/ft = Filter Yield, kg/hr/m = Water Rise, cm Time, min Flow Rate, ft /sec* = (, ft )(Velocity, ft/sec) Flow Rate, m /sec = (, m )(Velocity, m/sec) )(1 in/ft) (Solids Loading, lbs/day)(recovery, % expressed as a (Filter Operation, hr/day)(, ft (Surface of Filter, m ) ) decimal) (Solids Concentration, % expressed as a decimal)(sludge Feed Rate, L/hr)(10) *Pie Wheel Format for this equation Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, is available at the end of this document Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page of 8

3 Food/Microorganism Ratio = Food/Microorganism Ratio = Force, lbs* = (Pressure, psi)(, in ) BOD 5, lbs/day MLVSS,lbs BOD 5, kg/day MLVSS, kg Force, newtons = (Pressure, pascals)(, m ) Hardness, as mg CaCO /L = (Titrant, ml)(1,000) Sample, ml Only when the titration factor is 1.00 of EDTA Horsepower, Brake, hp = Horsepower, Brake, kw = Horsepower, Motor, hp = (Flow, gpm)(head, ft) (,960)(Pump Efficiency, % expressed as a (9.8)(Flow, m /sec)(head, m) (Pump Efficiency, % expressed as a decimal) (Flow, gpm)(head, ft) decimal) (,960)(Pump Efficiency, % expressed as a decimal)(motor Efficiency, % expressed as a Horsepower, Motor, kw = (9.8)(Flow, m /sec)(head,m) decimal) (Pump Efficiency, % expressed as a decimal)(motor Efficiency, % expressed as a decimal) Horsepower, Water, hp = (Flow,gpm)(Head,ft),960 Total Flow Applied,gpd Hydraulic Loading Rate, gpd/ft =,ft Total Flow Applied, m /day Hydraulic Loading Rate, m /day/m =, m Loading Rate, lbs/day* = (Flow, MGD)(Concentration, mg/l)(8.4 lbs/gal) Loading Rate, kg/day = (, m / day)(concentration, mg/l) 1,000 Mass, lbs* = (, MG)(Concentration, mg/l)(8.4 lbs/gal) Mass, kg = (, m )(Concentration, mg/l) 1,000 Mean Cell Residence Time or Solids Retention Time, days = Milliequivalent = (ml)(normality) (Aeration Tank TSS, lbs) (Clarifier TSS, lbs) (TSS Wasted, lbs/day) (Effluent TSS, lb/day) *Pie Wheel Format for this equation Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, is available at the end of this document Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page of 8

4 Molarity = Moles of Solute Liters of Solution Brake hp Motor Efficiency, % = 100 % Motor hp Number of Equivalent Weights of Solute Normality = Liters of Solution Number of Equivalent Weights = Total Weight EquivalentWeight Number of Moles = Total Weight Molecular Weight Organic Load, lbs SBOD Organic Loading Rate-RBC, lbs SBOD 5 /day/1,000 ft 5/day = Surface of Media, 1,000 ft OrganicLoad,kg SBOD Organic Loading Rate-RBC, kg SBOD 5 /m 5/day days = Surface of Media,m Organic Load, lbs BOD Organic Loading Rate-Trickling Filter, lbs BOD 5 /day/1,000 ft 5/day =,1,000 ft Organic Load, kg BOD Organic Loading Rate-Trickling Filter, kg/m 5/day days =, m Oxygen Uptake Rate or Oxygen Consumption Rate, mg/l/min = Oxygen Usage, mg/l Time, min Population Equivalent, Organic = Population Equivalent, Organic = (Flow, MGD)(BOD,mg/L)(8.4lbs/gal) 0.17 lbs BOD/day/person (Flow, m /day)(bod,mg/l) (1,000)(0.077kg BOD/day/person) Power, kw = (Flow, L/sec)(Head, m)(9.8) 1,000 Recirculation Ratio-Trickling Filter = Recirculated Flow Primary Effluent Flow Reduction of Volatile Solids, % = In Out Removal, % = 100% In VS in VSout 100% VSin VSin VSout All information (In and Out) must be in decimal form *Pie Wheel Format for this equation Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, is available at the end of this document Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page 4 of 8

5 Return Flow Rate Return Rate, % = 100% Influent Flow Rate Return Sludge Rate-Solids Balance = Drop or Rise Slope, % = 100 % Distance 100 Sludge Density Index = SVI (MLSS, mg/l)(flow (RAS Suspended Solids) Rate, MGD) (MLSS, mg/l) Sludge Index, ml/g = Solids, mg/l = (Dry Solids, g)(1,000,000) Sample, ml (SSV 0, ml/l)(1,000 mg/g) MLSS, mg/l Solids Capture, % (Centrifuges) = Cake TS, % Feed Sludge TS, % Feed Sludge TS, % - Centrate TSS, % Cake TS, % - Centrate TSS, % 100% Solids Concentration, mg/l = Weight, mg, L Solids Applied, lbs/day Solids Loading Rate, lbs/day/ft = Surface, ft Solids Applied, kg/day Solids Loading Rate, kg/day/m = Surface, m Solids Retention Time: see Mean Cell Residence Time Specific Gravity = Specific Weight of Substance, lbs/gal 8.4 lbs/gal Specific Gravity = Specific Weight of Substance, kg/l 1.0 kg/l Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate or Respiration Rate, (mg/g)/hr = Flow,gpd Surface Loading Rate or Surface Overflow Rate, gpd/ft =,ft Surface Loading Rate or Surface Overflow Rate, Lpd/m = SOUR, mg/l/min (60 min) Flow, Lpd, m MLVSS, g/l (1hr) Three Normal Equation = (C 1 x V 1 ) + (C x V ) = (C x V ) Where V 1 + V = V ; C = concentration, V = volume or flow; Concentration units must match; units must match *Pie Wheel Format for this equation Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, is available at the end of this document Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page 5 of 8

6 Total Solids, % = (Dried Weight, g) - (Tare Weight, g)(100) (Wet Weight, g) - (Tare Weight, g) Two Normal Equation = (C 1 x V 1 ) = (C x V ) Where C = Concentration, V = volume or flow; Concentration units must match; units must match Velocity, ft/sec = Velocity, ft/sec = Velocity, m/sec = Flow Rate,ft,ft Distance, ft Time, sec Flow Rate, m, m / sec / sec Velocity, m/sec = Distance, m Time, sec Volatile Solids, % = (Dry Solids, g) (Fixed Solids, g) 100% Dry Solids, g) ( of Cone* = (1/)(0.785)(Diameter )(Height) of Cylinder* = (0.785)(Diameter )(Height) of Rectangular Tank* = (Length)(Width)(Height) Waste Milliequivalent = (ml)(normality) Water Use, US Gallons/Capita/Day = of Water Produced, gpd Population Water Use, Liters/Capita/Day = of Water Produced, Lpd Population Watts (AC circuit) = (Volts)(Amps)(Power Factor) Watts (DC circuit) = (Volts)(Amps) Weir Overflow Rate, gpd/ft = Flow, gpd Weir Length, ft Weir Overflow Rate, Lpd/m = Flow, Lpd Weir Length, m Water hp Wire-to-Water Efficiency, % = 100% Motor hp Wire-to-Water Efficiency, % = (Flow, gpm)(total Dynamic Head, ft)(0.746 kw/hp)(100%) (,960)(Electrical Demand, kw) *Pie Wheel Format for this equation Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, is available at the end of this document Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page 6 of 8

7 Abbreviations C... Celsius F... Fahrenheit atm... atmospheres BOD 5... biochemical oxygen demand CBOD 5... carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand cfs... cubic feet per second cm... centimeters COD... chemical oxygen demand DO... dissolved oxygen EMF... electromotive force F/M ratio... food to microorganism ratio ft... feet ft lb... foot-pound g... grams gal... US gallons gfd... US gallons flux per day gpd... US gallons per day gpg... grains per US gallon gpm... US gallons per minute hp... horsepower hr... hours in... inches Kg... kilograms kpa... kilopascals kw... kilowatts kwh... kilowatt-hours L... liters lbs... pounds Lpd... liters per day Lpm... liters per minute LSI... Langelier Saturation Index m... meters Conversion Factors 1 acre... = 4,560 ft = 4,046.9 m 1 acre foot of water... = 6,000 gal 1 atm... =.9 ft of water = 10. m of water = 14.7 psi = 101. kpa 1 cubic foot of water... = 7.48 gal = 6.4 lbs 1 cubic foot per second... = MGD = gpm 1 cubic meter of water... = 1,000 Kg = 1,000 L = 64 gal 1 foot... = 0.05 m 1 foot of water... = 0.4 psi 1 gallon (US)... =.785 L = 8.4 lbs of water 1 grain per US gallon... = 17.1 mg/l 1 hectare... = 10,000 m MCRT... mean cell residence time MGD... million US gallons per day mg/l... milligrams per liter min... minutes ml... milliliters MLD... million liters per day MLSS... mixed liquor suspended solids MLVSS... mixed liquor volatile suspended solids OCR... oxygen consumption rate ORP... oxidation reduction potential OUR... oxygen uptake rate PE... population equivalent ppb... parts per billion ppm... parts per million psi... pounds per square inch Q... flow RAS... return activated sludge RBC... rotating biological contactor SBOD 5... Soluble BOD SDI... sludge density index SOUR... specific oxygen uptake rate SRT... solids retention time SS... settleable solids SSV 0... settled sludge volume 0 minute SVI... sludge volume index TOC... total organic carbon TS... total solids TSS... total suspended solids VS... volatile solids W... watts WAS... waste activated sludge yd... yards 1 horsepower... = kw = 746 W =,000 ft lbs/min 1 meter of water... = 9.8 kpa 1 metric ton... =,05 lbs = 1,000 Kg 1 mile... = 5,80 ft 1 million US gallons per day.. = 694 gpm = 1.55 cfs 1 pound... = Kg 1 pound per square inch... =.1 ft of water = 6.89 kpa 1 square meter... = 1.19 yd 1 ton... =,000 lbs 1%... = 10,000 mg/l or pi... =.14 Population Equivalent, hydraulic... = 100 gal/person/day = 78.5 L/person/day Population Equivalent, organic... = 0.17 lbs BOD/person/day = kg BOD/person/day *Pie Wheel Format for this equation Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, is available at the end of this document Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page 7 of 8

8 *Pie Wheels To find the quantity above the horizontal line: multiply the pie wedges below the line together. To solve for one of the pie wedges below the horizontal line: cover that pie wedge, then divide the remaining pie wedge(s) into the quantity above the horizontal line. Given units must match the units shown in the pie wheel. When US and metric units or values differ, the metric is shown in parentheses, e.g. (m ). of Circle of Rectangle of Right Triangle Circle Rectangle Right Triangle Diameter Length Width Height Base 1 Electromotive Force (EMF), Volts Feed Rate, lbs/day (kg/day) Flow Rate, ft /sec (m /sec) EMF Volts Chemical Feed, 100% Purity lbs/day (kg/day) Flow Rate ft /sec (m /sec) Current Amps Resistance Ohms Flow MGD (M /day) Dose mg/l 8.4 lbs/gal (0.001) ft (m ) Velocity ft/sec (m/sec) Force, lbs (Newtons) Loading Rate, lbs/day (kg/day) Mass, lbs (kg) Force lbs (Newtons) Loading Rate lbs/day (kg/day) Mass lbs (kg) Pressure psi (pascals) in (m ) of Cone Flow MGD (m /day) 8.4 lbs/gal (0.001) Concentration mg/l of Cylinder MG (m ) Concentration mg/l 8.4 lbs/gal (0.001) of Rectangular Tank Cone Cylinder Rectangle 1/ Height Length Height Diameter Height Diameter Width Copyright 017 by Wastewater Treatment, Collection, Industrial, Association of Boards of Certification Laboratory Formula/Conversion Table - Page 8 of 8

Area of Cylinder (total exterior surface area) = [End #1 SA] + [End #2 SA] + [(3.14)(Diameter)(Height or Depth)] Where SA = surface area

Area of Cylinder (total exterior surface area) = [End #1 SA] + [End #2 SA] + [(3.14)(Diameter)(Height or Depth)] Where SA = surface area Alkalinity, mg/l as CaCO Volts Amps Ohms (Titrant, ml)(acid Normality)(50,000) Sample, ml of Circle* (0.785)(Diameter ) of Circle (.14)(Radius ) of Cone (lateral area) (.14)(Radius) Radius Height of Cone