Work plan Joining forces to recover more

Transcription

1 Work plan 2018 Joining forces to recover more

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3 Table of Content About The National IOR Centre of Norway 5 The vision 6 About the work plan 7 The IOR toolbox and the Roadmap 8 The Roadmap 9 IOR Toolbox 10 Integration of IOR research projects through generic case studies 11 The Roadmap 12 Milestones in the Roadmap 14 Gantt Theme 1 and 2 16 R&D Activities 18 Development of IOR methods 19 IOR mechanisms 20 Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools 21 Full Field prediction 22 Field performance 23 Economic potential and environmental impact 24 Monitoring tools and history matching 25 Fiscal framework and investment decisions 26 The projects DOUCS Deliverable Of an Unbeatable Core Scale Simulator Core plug preparation procedures Wettability estimation by oil adsorption Application of metallic nanoparticles for enhanced heavy oil recovery Effect of wetting property on the mechanical strength of chalk at hydrostatic, and in-situ stress and temperature conditions Thermal properties of reservoir rocks, role of pore fluids, minerals and diagenesis. A comparative study of sandstone, shale and chalk (PhD project) Flow of non-newtonian fluids in porous media Integrated EOR for heterogeneous reservoirs Permeability and stress state (PhD project) Micro- and nano-analytical methods for EOR Pore scale simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore scale 38

4 Micro-scale simulation of viscoelastic polymer solutions Description of the rheological properties of complex fluids based on the kinetic theory (PostDoc project) IORSim development project Environmental fate and effect of EOR-polymers (PhD project) Lab scale Polymer Test in porous media - Supporting Halliburton s Large Scale Polymer Shear Test phase II Smart Water for EOR by Membranes (PhD project) Polymer rheology at micro- and Darcy scale (PhD project) Development and testing of nanoparticles as tailor-made tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods Partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region (PhD project) Adding more physics, chemistry, and geological realism into the reservoir simulator Advanced numerical methods for compositional flow applied to field scale reservoir models (PhD project) CO 2 Foam EOR Field Pilots (PhD project) Production Optimization Statistical Technique in Reducing Negative Connotation of Ensemble Based Optimization and its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (PhD project) Data assimilation using 4D seismic data Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs D seismic and tracer data for coupled geomechanical/ reservoir flow models Elastic full-waveform inversion (PhD project) 57 Budget 58 Budgets for planned projects Budget UiS/IRIS/IFE/others IOR NORWAY 2018 «Smart Solutions for Future IOR» 62 The Research Partners & The User Partners 63

5 work plan 2018 About The National IOR Centre of Norway The Centre s goal is to perform R&D that will develop new knowledge and competence and contribute to the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies for maximizing NCS oil recovery. This will happen through improved volumetric sweep of mobile oil, and mobilization and displacement of immobile oil. The Centre s research partners are IRIS and IFE, together with UiS. The Centre also has 11 user partners from the oil and service industry. We work closely with the industry to identify the best methods for improving oil recovery in the fields. Theme 1 focuses on understanding, modeling and upscaling microscopic and macroscopic displacement efficiency when various EOR fluids are injected into a porous rock. Building the foundations for good teamwork is important at The National IOR Centre of Norway. In Theme 1 this is done through a team of experts from the University of Stavanger, IRIS and IFE. Many of the projects interact between tasks, ensuring a good flow of communication within the Theme and between Tasks. This is vital in order to make sure that all projects function as well as possible and that the research we provide is of the highest quality. Our two in-kind partners, Schlumberger and Halliburton, contribute through valuable research into the Yard Test and the development of the IORSim in Task 4. Theme 2 will focus on the integration of field data such as pressure, temperature, seismic data, tracer data, geophysical data, and geological data into a field scale simulation model. Decision-making is a key point as regards IOR/EOR. In Theme 2 we will work on developing and improving the methodology to support decision-making on the NCS. Both the potential resources in unswept areas, as well as mobilizing trapped resources in swept areas will be addressed in Theme 2. We will demonstrate the methodologies on specific use cases, whilst maintaining a focus on the entire NCS. Tasks in Theme 1: Task 1: Core scale (Task leader: Arne Stavland) Task 2: Mineral fluid reactions at nano/submicron scale (Task leader: Udo Zimmermann) Task 3: Pore scale (Task leader: Espen Jettestuen) Task 4: Upscaling and environmental impact (Task leader: Aksel Hiorth) Tasks in Theme 2: Task 5: Tracer technology (Task leader: Tor Bjørnstad) Task 6: Reservoir simulation tools (Task leader: Robert Klöfkorn) Task 7: Field scale evaluation and history matching (Task leader: Geir Nævdal) 5

6 the national ior centre of norway The vision: Joining forces to recover more The National IOR Centre of Norway provides solutions for improved oil recovery on the Norwegian Continental Shelf through academic excellence and close cooperation with the industry. Objectives The Centre aims to contribute to the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies to improve oil recovery on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Secondary objectives Robust upscaling of the recovery mechanisms observed at pore and core scale to field scale. Optimal injection strategies based on total oil recovered and economic and environmental impact. Education of PhD students and postdocs during the Centre s lifetime. 6

7 work plan 2018 About the work plan The National IOR Centre of Norway started up in December A lot of progress has been made since then. Approximately 40 projects are running at the Centre at any time. The Roadmap (see 12 13) was designed in order to ensure collaboration and integration between projects. Integration between projects is one of our key priorities. This is why we decided to create a tool to guide us on our way and to make communication between projects as smooth as possible. The Roadmap was designed in order to highlight our aim and the milestones that we need to reach along the way. The Roadmap provides a re-structuring of The Centre s activities based on R&D activities more than tasks and themes. It is more important than ever to see how the projects interact and how each project plays a part in the bigger picture. All researchers are encouraged to look at other projects, covering various themes and tasks, for inspiration and areas of collaboration. The projects will deliver their results and interesting findings to each other, thereby ensuring that the researchers collaborate in order to come up with the best solutions. The results since the launch of the Roadmap have been very promising: increased collaboration, a clearer view of The Centre s structure and even new projects designed specifically to integrate research from different tasks. THE NEXT STAGE We have come a long way since The Centre was opened in December Several projects are now entering new phases and we are seeing the benefits of the results achieved so far. One of The Centre s main projects is the IORSim, which has already seen good results; integration between the IORSim and ECLIPSE works well and the full potential of this technology lies in the option to apply it to real field cases. Researchers at The Centre are also working on integrating the Open Porous Media initiative (OPM, ) with the IORSim. At IFE a lot of work has been put into the development of new tracers. A postdoc has been working on the development of fluorescent molecules as self-standing tracers or labels for nanoparticle-based tracers with a focus on lanthanide chelates. He has also been conducting laboratory research into nanoparticles and C-dots, developed and produced at Cornell University in collaboration with Professor Lawrence M. Cathles, III. A PhD student has been working on establishing an analytical method applicable to laboratory samples for possible compounds selected as oil/ water partitioning tracers. Some of the other main research areas where we are seeing great progress include robust production optimisation and 4D seismic history matching (HM). 7

8 The IOR toolbox and the Roadmap

9 work plan 2018 The Roadmap The Roadmap was established to create a framework to show the path that research at the Centre should follow. This is to ensure that everyone has the same understanding of the Centre s goals and milestones. It guides us so that we can more easily focus our research and establish good cooperation between projects. The Roadmap is an important tool in evaluating new ideas and project proposals within the relevant time frames. The map identifies any gaps and helps prioritising R&D projects. The Roadmap is a guiding tool used to lead the way towards a use case. However, the Centre s research is not limited to the Roadmap and sometimes projects will deliver valuable input to earlier stages of the map, resulting in a better background and understanding for further progress. The Roadmap is divided into several elements: ARROWS The blue arrows show the main activities on which we wish to focus. All projects should deliver to one or more of these arrows in order to be relevant to The National IOR Centre of Norway. These arrows may include projects from several different tasks, across both research themes; however, some of the arrows are naturally more directed towards projects in one of the themes. The green arrows represent overall research themes at various points in the Centre s lifetime: EOR screening, demonstrating potential and preparing for pilots and preparing for full field pilots. It is important to note that The National IOR Centre of Norway will not perform pilots, but will contribute through research and results. MILESTONES The Milestones are important developments in our research that we rely on in order to reach our goal. Each year we will reach several of these milestones and take one step further towards improved oil recovery. In 2018 these milestones include full field history matching with 4D seismic and tracer data, viability of methods and environmental impact of selected IOR methods. However, this does not limit the progress of other projects. The 2018 milestones are: Full field history matching with 4D seismic and tracer data Viability of methods (fiscal framework and taxation Environmental impact of selected IOR methods SUITED FIELD Selection of a suitable field for single-well tests (access to field data): It is crucial to have access to real field data for ongoing research within the areas covered by the Centre. In 2018 an important aspect will be the selection of a suitable field for single-well tests. Access to field data will contribute to ongoing projects and will lead to a unique opportunity to perform and qualify research in real field cases. Field data gives the possibility to bring the research performed on pore and core scale up to field scale. It will be important to clearly define the criteria necessary for a near-well region suitable for the Centre. This will make it possible to select the most suitable case for our activities. The selected case should be well defined and should have the necessary amount of data available. To ensure representative reservoir characteristics for the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) two cases should be selected; one sandstone and one chalk reservoir. The Centre is in contact with possible candidates, e.g. Ekofisk, Johan Sverdrup, Valhall, Snorre and Ula. 9

10 the national ior centre of norway IOR Toolbox Lab Data 4D Seismic History Matching Use Cases & Field Data IORCoreSim IORSim OPM The Centre is more than the Roadmap only. The Roadmap is meant to lead the way towards a use case, but there are many other areas of research that together constitute the IOR toolbox. This Toolbox will be unique in the context of our research. It contains parts of all of the research being carried out at the Centre and its use may vary from field to field and thus be adapted for each individual case. This is why the researchers at the Centre are working so hard to cooperate and collaborate, both within the Centre and with other national and international collaborators. Only then can we see the sum of all the parts, and only then will the Toolbox be most suitable for use in the field. 10

11 work plan 2018 Integration of IOR research projects through generic case studies The National IOR Centre of Norway s research project portfolio includes core scale, mineral fluid reactions at nano/submicron scale, pore scale, upscaling and environmental impact, tracer technology, reservoir simulation tools and field scale evaluation and history matching. The complexity of each subtopic and the fact that a multitude of data, scales and disciplines are involved may hinder the proper integration of the research results. For the same reasons, exploiting synergies between the various IOR research projects may prove difficult. At the same time, a collaborative set-up like The National IOR Centre of Norway should enable integrated case studies across scales and disciplines. To enable proper integration of the research results from the IOR Centre, an initiative has been taken to investigate the relationship between different IOR research projects. Two generic case studies have been defined, one for a chalk reservoir and one for a sandstone reservoir. The reservoir characteristics have been chosen to be representative of fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. For each of the case studies, two IOR methods are addressed; smart water injection and polymer injection. Given the characteristics of the reservoir and the IOR method used, contributions from the various IOR research projects are described and the relationships and synergies between the projects highlighted. As part of the process, the task leaders at The Centre have been interviewed and all researchers, PhD students and postdocs have been invited to a workshop to discuss potential synergies between existing projects. The process will continue in An important objective is to facilitate integration and motivate research that falls between the typical disciplines and projects involved in an IOR case study. To make the relationships between projects more evident, the projects are described in terms of input and output and qualitative versus quantitative information. The ultimate goal of the integrated IOR research is to provide a framework for monitoring, evaluating and understanding the effects of an IOR method tested in a field pilot, thus linking simulation and history matching of fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemical effects to lab measurements, pore scale and core scale modeling, tracer characteristics, production data and 4D seismic data. 11

12 the national ior centre of norway Theme 2 Both themes Theme 1 EOR screening Development of IOR methods Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools IOR mechanisms Demonstrate potential and prepare for pilots 6 1 Field performance Economic potential 7 Monitoring tools Fiscal framework and investment decisions

13 work plan Full field prediction 15 2 Business cases Prepare for full field pilots Field tests 13 and environmental impact and history matching

14 the national ior centre of norway Milestones in the Roadmap 1. Selection of suited field for single-well tests (access to field data) 2. Single-well pilot tests: Smart water injection Polymer injection 1. Selected IOR methods 2. Field data in place (injection, production and tracer data, 4D seismic and reservoir model/geo-model/geomechanical model) 3. Input model parameters (from pore, core, sub-micron experimental and modeling R&D activities) 4. Large scale polymer shear degradation test 5. Economic potential of IOR methods 6. Monitoring tools: 4D seismic (front detection), tracer data (residual oil Sor) 7. Conditioning of injection fluids 8. Reservoir simulation, geomechanics (e.g. Eclipse, Visage), tracer and IOR fluid simulation (IORSim) 9. Full field history matching with 4D seismic and tracer data 10. Viability of methods (fiscal framework and taxation) 11. Environmental impact of selected IOR methods 12. Tool-box for interpretation of pilot-tests 13. Pilot-tests conclusions (Volumetric sweep/injection and production strategy, Sor, compaction impact, economic potential) 14. Economic potential of pilot-tests 15. Recommendation for comprehensive and full-field tests 16. Economic potential of full-field tests at NCS 14

15 work plan 2018 Centre PhD student Tijana Voake. Photo: Elisabeth Tønnessen 15

16 Gantt Task 1-3 the national ior centre of norway 16

17 Gantt Task 4-7 work plan

18 R&D Activities

19 work plan 2018 Development of IOR methods An IOR method is an injection method that is capable of modifying the capillary forces and/or the relative permeabilities of a porous medium, compared to a base case. In some fields it may be beneficial to change the residual saturation (improve the microscopic sweep), and in others it may be beneficial to change the shape of the relative permeabilities (improve the macroscopic sweep). The key questions for the Centre s researchers are thus: What is the optimal injection strategy for a given use case? Is it possible to optimize the shape of the capillary forces and/or the relative permeabilities compared to the base case? Contributing projects: Task 1: Core plug preparation procedures Task 1: Wettability estimation by oil adsorption Task 1: Core scale modeling of EOR transport mechanisms Task 1: Application of metallic nanoparticles for enhanced heavy oil recovery Task 1: From SCAL to EOR Phase II Task 1: How does wetting property dictate the mechanical strength of chalk at in-situ stress, temperature and pore pressure conditions? Task 1: Flow of non-newtonian fluids in porous media Task 1: Permeability and stress state Task 2: Raman and nano-raman spectroscopy applied to fine-grained sedimentary rocks (chalk, siltstones and shales) to understand mineralogical changes for IOR application Task 2: Micro- and nano-analytical methods for EOR Task 3: Micro scale simulation of polymer solutions Task 3: Pore scale simulation of simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore space Task 3: Experimental investigation of fluid chemistry effect on adhesive properties of calcite grains Task 3: Improved oil recovery molecular processes Task 4: Smart Water for EOR by Membranes Task 7: Pilot studies for improved sweep efficiency coordination and support 19

20 the national ior centre of norway IOR mechanisms IOR mechanisms are broadly divided into two categories: (1) mechanisms for improving macroscopic sweep efficiency and (2) mechanisms for improving microscopic sweep efficiency. Mechanisms for improving the macroscopic sweep are mainly linked to control of the phase mobility at different scales and distances from the injection point. It is clearly possible to have excellent control over the mobility on core scale, but on a larger scale different chemicals travel at different speeds. The system that is injected may therefore behave completely differently due to field scale temperature gradients, geochemical interactions, reservoir heterogeneities, adsorption and simply the fact that effective porosity is different for different chemicals (e.g. the polymers are too large to pass through the full pore space). Key research questions: What is the speed at which injected chemicals travel through a porous media? Is it possible to design a system that does not cause damage to the reservoir or production facilities? The mechanisms for improving microscopic sweep rely heavily on a fundamental understanding of surface and interface properties. The interactions between the fluid phases and the rock may change the wetting state of the pores and thereby release more oil. Interfacial interactions (e.g. by surfactants, miscible gas injection) may reduce the capillary to viscous forces and reduce the residual oil saturation. Key research questions: What is the role of mineral wettability in determining the fluid flow in porous media from pore-, to core and field scale? Which alterations observed on nano/submicron scale are important in terms of changes in surface properties, such as wettability changes? Furthermore, how should the properties of a water and oil film-coated mineral surfaces be quantified? Contributing projects: Task 1: Core plug preparation procedures Task 1: Wettability estimation by oil adsorption Task 1: Core scale modeling of EOR transport mechanisms Task 1: Application of metallic nanoparticles for enhanced heavy oil recovery Task 1: How does wetting property dictate the mechanical strength of chalk at in-situ stress, temperature and pore pressure conditions? Task 1: Thermal properties of reservoir rocks, role of pore fluids, minerals and digenesis. A comparative study of sandstone, shale and chalk Task 1: Flow of non-newtonian fluids in porous media Task 1: Permeability and stress state Task 2: Raman and nano-raman spectroscopy applied to fine-grained sedimentary rocks (chalk, siltstones and shales) to understand mineralogical changes for IOR application Task 2: Micro- and nano-analytical methods for EOR Task 3: Micro scale simulation of polymer solutions Task 3: Pore scale simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore space Task 3: Experimental investigation of fluid chemistry effect on adhesive properties of calcite grains Task 4: DOUCS- Deliverable of an unbeatable Core Scale Simulator Task 6: CO 2 Foam EOR Field Pilots Task 7: Pilot studies for improved sweep efficiency coordination and support 20

21 work plan 2018 Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools There are several well studied chemical injection technologies applicable to the fields on the NCS. Thorough laboratory and modeling studies have been performed but there are still research challenges to be addressed. Chemical EOR methods, such as injecting water of a specific composition (e.g. low salinity, smart water), surfactants and polymers, have proven their potential on core scale. However, additional oil produced at the core scale does not necessarily imply that the field recovery will be similarly increased. Cores are usually 5-7 cm in length and molecular diffusion and end effects are important, contrary to field conditions. The most crucial area of improvement for all methods is proper simulation of the mechanisms on a field scale. Key research questions: What are the most important parameters from smaller scales that are important in describing flow on a larger scale? How can we capture important effects from smaller scales on a grid block scale? How does a certain IOR strategy (injection of smart water, polymers, etc.) translate from core scale to the drainage of a specific reservoir and the total production of hydrocarbons? Contributing projects: Task 1: Core scale modeling of EOR transport mechanisms Task 1: Permeability and stress state Task 2: Raman and nano-raman spectroscopy applied to fine-grained sedimentary rocks (chalk, silt stones and shales) to understand mineralogical changes for IOR application Task 2: Micro- and nano-analytical methods for EOR Task 3: Pore scale simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore space Task 4: IORSim development project Task 5: Development and testing of nano-particles as tailor-made tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties. Task 5: Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods Task 5: Development of water/oil partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region Task 6: Reservoir simulation tools. Adding more physics, chemistry, and geological realism into the reservoir simulator. Task 6; Advanced Numerical Methods for Compositional Flow Applied to Field Scale Reservoir Models Task 7: Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs Task 7: Pilot studies for improved sweep efficiency coordination and support 21

22 the national ior centre of norway Full Field prediction How do selected recovery methods behave in full field case? Core scale experiments can be performed under realistic reservoir conditions (e.g. high temperature, high pressure, live fluids) in the laboratory, thus providing crucial information about recovery mechanisms at a core scale. Cores are usually 5-7 cm in length and molecular diffusion and end effects are important, contrary to field conditions. At The National IOR Centre of Norway, experimental data from laboratory tests and large scale tests, together with real field data delivered from industry partners, will generate information of generic importance, which will allow us to predict field performance. This generic data and information will be used together with the modeling tools developed at The Centre to provide recommendations for comprehensive and full-field tests. Contributing projects: Task 3: Pore scale simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore space Task 5: Development and testing of nano-particles as tailor-made tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties. Task 5: Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods Task 5: Development of water/oil partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region Task 6: Reservoir simulation tools. Adding more physics, chemistry, and geological realism into the reservoir simulator. Task 6: CO 2 Foam EOR Field Pilots Task 6: Advanced Numerical Methods for Compositional Flow Applied to Field Scale Reservoir Models Task 7: Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs Task 7: Task 7: Data assimilation using 4-D seismic data Task 7: Pilot studies for improved sweep efficiency coordination and support Task 7: Elastic full-waveform inversion 22

23 work plan 2018 Field performance It is of the utmost importance to be able to describe and generate information of generic significance for particular field conditions in order to be able to predict field performance. Experiments performed in the laboratory and in large-scale tests provide crucial data for evaluating and understanding recovery mechanisms and methods. IOR Centre of Norway will generate important understanding and, together with data from the laboratory, will provide the opportunity to predict field performance in a generic manner. Real field data (injection, production and tracer data, 4D seismic and reservoir models, geo models and geo-mechanical models) from industry partners at The National Contributing projects: Task 5: Development and testing of nano-particles as tailor-made tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties Task 5: Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods Task 5: Development of water/oil partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region Task 7: Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs Task 7: Data assimilation using 4-D seismic data Task 7: Pilot studies for improved sweep efficiency coordination and support Task 7: Elastic full-waveform inversion 23

24 the national ior centre of norway Economic potential and environmental impact All projects at The National IOR Centre of Norway should consider the environmental impact they might cause. All researchers are expected to strive to develop and use the most environmentally friendly technologies possible. The research carried out at The Centre should be affordable for use in the field, without posing a great economic risk to the industry. There is one project dedicated specifically to providing knowledge about the ultimate long-term fate and ecological effect of EOR polymers. It is also vital to ensure that the economic potential of the technology developed is relevant for real use. Contributing projects: All projects contribute to this topic. 24

25 work plan 2018 Monitoring tools and history matching Reservoir models are important when evaluating a field s production and profitability and potential new investments such as IOR. To ensure that the reservoir models are useful in such an evaluation, three requirements must be met: 1. The forward simulator must be good enough: The physics, mathematics and numerical aspects of the simulator must be able to simulate the physical processes in the reservoir and generate the measured data. This is addressed in detail in Task 6 of The Centre. 2. The uncertainty quantification must be good enough; even when using the most advanced tools and methods available, we cannot know for sure what it looks like in the reservoirs. It is crucial for the operators to include the best possible estimate of the uncertainty of the reservoir when decisions are made. One of the main research topics at The Centre is the use of ensemble-based methods in history matching and production optimisation. 3. Information from measured data must be correctly included in the models: This requires the data to be correctly collected and processed (if necessary) and for their uncertainty level to be correctly quantified. One of the strengths of ensemble-based methods is that history matching updates are only performed where this is warranted by the data. Contributing projects: Task 5: Development and testing of nano-particles as tailor-made tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties. Task 5: Development of water/oil partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region Task 5: Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods Task 6: Reservoir simulation tools. Adding more physics, chemistry, and geological realism into the reservoir simulator. Task 6: CO 2 Foam EOR Field Pilots Task 6: Advanced Numerical Methods for Compositional Flow Applied to Field Scale Reservoir Models Task 7: Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs Task 7: Data assimilation using 4-D seismic data (Postdoc TNO) Task 7: Data assimilation using 4-D seismic data Task 7: 4D seismic and tracer data for coupled geomechanical / reservoir flow models Task 7: Pilot studies for improved sweep efficiency coordination and support Task 7: Elastic full-waveform inversion 25

26 the national ior centre of norway Fiscal framework and investment decisions When the oil price fell, oil companies implemented stricter capital rationing. Firstly in the form of net present value indexes. When the oil price proved to be more volatile, they shifted to break- even prices. IOR projects that had problems with funding at the outset now obviously struggle even more. This is important in order to ensure that the research continues to be relevant and applicable. To correctly evaluate this, the research develops and uses ensemble-based optimization methods with the capacity to include geologically realistic uncertainty in the evaluation of a reservoir s future behaviour. Throughout The Centre s lifetime, researchers will work on evaluating the potential for investment decisions for the companies, and how these will relate to the research we do. Contributing projects: Task 7: Production optimization Task 7: Data assimilation using 4-D seismic data Task 7: Pilot studies for improved sweep efficiency coordination and support Task 7: Robust production optimization Task 7: Assemblage of different step size selection algorithms in reservoir production optimization 26

27 The projects

28 the national ior centre of norway DOUCS Deliverable Of an Unbeatable Core Scale Simulator Duration: February 2016 December 2018 Project manager: Arild Lohne PhD students: Oddbjørn Nødland (UiS) and Irene Ringen (UiS) Postdoc: Aruoture Omekeh (IRIS) Key personnel: Aksel Hiorth (UiS/IRIS) and Aruoture Omekeh (IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to develop a numerical tool, IORCoreSim, to interpret all kinds of special core analyst lab experiments. By using IORCoreSim, the key parameters needed to simulate water flooding and EOR processes at pilot and sector scale are extracted from the lab experiments. OBJECTIVE To develop a tool for improved simulation of EOR processes at core-, sector- and pilot scale. KNOWLEDGE GAPS There are only a limited number of simulators available that can handle geochemical interactions, multiphase flow and flow of non-newtonian fluids in porous media. Some simulators may have the ability to simulate geochemical interactions but there are no feedback mechanisms from the interactions to the flow parameters, such as relative permeability, capillary pressure and/or viscosity. Many of the IOR methods studied at the IOR Centre are of the type where several mechanisms are at work at the same time, e.g. low salinity flooding (which could affect microscopic sweep efficiency), combined with polymers (to increase macroscopic sweep efficiency) and sodium silicate (for deep reservoir plugging) mixed with different types of injection waters. It is therefore important to have a simulator that describes the chemical systems and is able to feed back the correct effect on the effective multiphase flow functions. The model will be used to simulate and interpret laboratory core floods and extract model parameters from the lab data (history matching). Given that temporal and scale dependency is adequately represented in the models, then the derived parameters can be used for scaling laboratory results to the field scale. PLANS 2018 Application of improved geochemical model on various experimental data relevant for low salinity and smart water injection. Different mechanisms suggested in the literature will be analysed with respect to consistency across datasets and scaling to larger models. The outcome should be identification of most likely mechanism(s) and eventual short-comings in existing models. Implement two-step silicate gel model developed last year. This will improve simulation of silica gel placement in heterogeneous formations. Improved handling of polymer in low permeable formations by including mechanical trapping mechanisms. Extending the polymer model with integrated solution of polymer rheology and degradation in large well blocks. This extension is necessary for efficient simulation at the sector/pilot scale. Submitting abstracts for the SPE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery in Tulsa, 2018, addressing simulations of spontaneous imbibition in presence of gel, and geochemical processes related to low salinity and «smart water» injection. DELIVERABLES 2018 Further development of IORCoreSim, a tool for simulation of EOR processes at the core scale and for investigating upscaling of laboratory results. Improved representation of polymer in large-scale models and of silica gel in heterogeneous formations. Status on simulation of low salinity and smart water. This project delivers to: IOR mechanisms; and Economic potential and environmental impact 28

29 work plan Core plug preparation procedures Duration: Phase 1: Project manager: Ingebret Fjelde (IRIS) PhD student: Samuel Erzuah (UiS) Key personnel: IOR- and Petroleums Lab groups Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to check how the core preparation procedures can influence results when investigating the potential for EOR in the lab. OBJECTIVE To identify critical steps in core preparation procedures. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Since reservoir rock state changes during sampling, mud contamination, storage and cleaning (by organic solvent and water) of reservoir core plugs, better procedures are required for the preparation of reservoir core plugs to ensure that representative wettability conditions are established for SCAL and EOR experiments. Water flooding results are used as a reference for EOR flooding experiments. If the potential estimate for the reference is wrong, the potential estimates for the EOR methods will also be wrong. The focus of the Phase 2 is to ensure efficient cleaning of the reservoir core plugs, selection of the correct SFW composition and the development of procedures that minimise the effect of oxidation of crude oil and reservoir rock. Compare EOR core flooding results under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In upscaling and preparation for pilots, it is important to have correct inputs from core flooding experiments. It will be investigated how effects of mud contaminations can be reduced and to which degree mud contaminations can contribute to increase in the uncertainty for core flooding experiments. DELIVERABLES 2018 Method for determination of cleaning efficiency for organic components. Report from investigation of effects of ions of low concentrations in real FW on established wettability. Comparison of anaerobic and aerobic conditions for focused EOR-methods in the IOR Centre. Report from investigation of how effects of mud contaminations can be reduced and to which degree mud contaminations can contribute to increase in the uncertainty. PLANS 2018 Develop method for determination of cleaning efficiency related to organic components. Determine effects of ions of low concentrations in real FW on established wettability conditions. This project delivers to: Development of IOR-methods, IOR-mechanisms, Economic potential and environmental impact, as well as other categories. 29

30 the national ior centre of norway Wettability estimation by oil adsorption (PhD project) Duration: November 2015 October 2018 Project manager: Samuel Erzuah (UiS) PhD student: Samuel Erzuah (UiS) Key personnel: Ingebret Fjelde (IRIS) and Aruotore Voke Omekeh (IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to ensure that the cores used for lab experiments have the correct initial conditions that are representative for the reservoir. The focus is to ensure that wettability conditions are prepared for SCAL and EOR experiments (e.g. smart water and polymer flooding) to generate representative inputs for the evaluation of EOR potential. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to develop a method to estimate the wettability conditions of reservoir rocks based on the mineralogy of the rock and the compositions of the reservoir fluids. This will be achieved using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) device. KNOWLEDGE GAPS This project seeks to unravel the enigma of wettability estimation by relying on the oil adsorption technique. PLANS 2018 Conference papers if abstracts accepted: Erzuah, Fjelde, & Omekeh. Estimation Of Wettability Variation Due To Varying Mineralogical Composition in Sandstone Reservoir Rocks. SPE IOR, Tulsa, USA, April Erzuah, Fjelde, & Omekeh. Wettability Estimation By Oil Adsorption Using Quartz Crystal Micro-balance With Dissipation (QCM-D). SPE Europec, Copenhagen, June Erzuah, Fjelde, & Omekeh. Improved Oil Recovery and CO2-Storage by Carbonated Water Injection. IFPEN Solid-Liquid Interfaces, Rueil-Malmaison, March Planned journal papers: Erzuah, S., Fjelde, I., and Omekeh, A.V. Wettability Estimation by Surface Complexation Simulations. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Eng: Reservoir Eng. Papers on topics below. Stay at the Technical University of Bergakademie Freiberg, to investigate wettability of clays by Sessile Drop method. Adsorption of oil/oil components onto clay minerals using packed mineral column. Compare oil adsorption and wettability of dominating minerals with wettability of rock. DELIVERABLES 2018 Determine relationship between wettability and oil adsorption on clay minerals. Compare prediction of wettability and oil adsorp-tion through simulations with experimental results. Estimate wettability variation in reservoirs. This project delivers to: Development of IOR-methods; IOR-mechanisms; Economic potential and environmental impact; as well as other categories. 30

31 work plan Application of metallic nanoparticles for enhanced heavy oil recovery (PhD project) Duration: May 2015 April 2018 Project manager: Kun Guo (UiS) PhD student: Kun Guo Key personnel: Zhixin Yu (UiS) and Svein M. Skjæveland (UiS) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to investigate the possibility of reducing the viscosity of high viscous oil by using nanoparticles. This is done by using the nanoparticles as catalysts to facilitate the decomposition of long chain hydrocarbons together with the removal of heteroatoms (such as S, N and O) and heavy metals. A reduction in oil viscosity may improve oil mobility and thereby be important for EOR. OBJECTIVE The objective of this project is to perform a systematic study of the effect of metallic nanoparticles on enhanced heavy oil recovery, which covers the topics of the main cause of viscosity reduction, the parameters of nanoparticles and the thermophysical properties of nanoparticles containing fluids (nanofluids) on the recovery factor. The project also aims to investigate in-situ heavy oil recovery using a model core (e.g. Sandpack), as well as the synergistic effect of SiO2-supported nanoparticles on ultimate heavy oil recovery. KNOWLEDGE GAPS This project will provide information about the potential implementation of nanoparticles as catalysts for in-situ heavy oil upgrading and recovery. PLANS 2018 The activities within this project include a) developing a method for the large-scale preparation of size-controlled metallic nanoparticles, b) a parametric study of nanoparticles to optimise heavy oil upgrading, and c) gaining insights of the upgrading mechanism. DELIVERABLES 2018 A PhD thesis, One journal paper, and 1 2 conference presentations. This project delivers to: IOR mechanisms; Development of IOR methods; and Economic potential and environmental impact 31

32 the national ior centre of norway Effect of wetting property on the mechanical strength of chalk at hydrostatic, and in-situ stress and temperature conditions (PhD project) Duration: September 2015 August 2018 Project manager: Jaspreet Singh Sachdeva (UiS) PhD student: Jaspreet Singh Sachdeva (UiS) Key personnel: Anders Nermoen (UiS), Merete Vadla Madland (UiS) and Reidar Inge Korsnes (UiS) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to investigate how the presence of oil in the pore space may affect the mechanical strength of chalk. Initially, the oil saturation varies within the reservoir due to the height above the oil-water contact, and dynamically through time because of oil production and water injection. As the oil saturation varies through time and space, the mechanical parameters may become subject to constant change. A better knowledge of the interplay between rock brine and rock oil interactions could lead to better drainage strategies. OBJECTIVE To determine and evaluate the effect of wettability alteration on the mechanical properties of chalk. To close the causal gap between wetting property and the mechanical integrity of chalk. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Several ions that have been shown to improve oil recovery also play a role in chalk mechanical behavior. In multi-phase systems, where oil and brines are present, several questions can be asked: Is sulphate adsorption observed in oil-filled chalks? Can magnesium-bearing minerals precipitate when oil is present? How do sulphate adsorption and magnesium-triggered dissolution/precipitation occur in oil-wet/mixed-wet cores? To which degree the results of the previous experiments performed on water-wet and water-filled outcrop chalk may be applied to oil reservoir cases? PLANS 2018 Finalising the hydrostatic test series on chalk cores (similar to North Sea reservoir chalk as regards porosity, absolute and relative permeability, and capillary pressure) at in-situ stress and temperature conditions. Determining the effect of different injection fluids. Data analysis, articles and PhD thesis writing and submission. The resultant mechanical parameters provide the input for the core scale simulator (wherein these parameters will be used to model the reservoirs and to select more relevant IOR methods/mechanisms to increase oil recovery from chalk reservoirs). DELIVERABLES 2018 Dissemination of the project results at ARMA and SPE conferences, and in-house seminars. Three journal papers are to be submitted to peer review journals in The final PhD thesis is planned to be submitted in July/August 2018 and defended before Christmas. This project delivers to: IOR mechanisms; Development of IOR methods; and Economic potential and environmental impact 32

33 work plan Thermal properties of reservoir rocks, role of pore fluids, minerals and diagenesis. A comparative study of sandstone, shale and chalk (PhD project) Project manager: Tijana Voake (UiS) PhD student: Tijana Voake (UiS) Key personnel: Anders Nermoen (UiS) and Ida Lykke Fabricius (DTU) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK Duration: November 2015 October 2018 The purpose of this project is to investigate how temperature variations in chalk reservoir induced by the injection of cold water and cross flow may affect the mechanical strength of chalk. Calcite has anisotropic thermal expansion coefficients and this may lead to additional weakening. A better knowledge of the interplay between temperature effects and rock mechanical strength is of great importance to assess risks of thermal fracturing. OBJECTIVE The focus of this PhD project is destabilisation of chalks due to thermal cycling, caused by injection of low temperature flooding fluid. Can thermal expansion anisotropy at a grain level lead to the degradation of inter-granular cementation in chalks? Chalks stiffness and strength are dictated by a combination of electrostatic and intergranular cementation forces. We predict that anisotropic thermal expansion coefficients cause weakening of the chalk if cementation is present. However, the effect of temperature cycling has not been studied and this is a scenario that more accurately mimics the nature of a reservoir rock that has undergone oil production and fluid injection. PLANS 2018 Further studies on two types of oil-saturated chalk will be conducted, and a comparison paper to water saturated samples is planned to be written. DELIVERABLES 2018 Journal papers and a thesis completion. KNOWLEDGE GAPS The effects of temperature changes have only been investigated by comparing mechanical properties at two or more different temperatures. This project delivers to: IOR mechanisms; and Economic potential and environmental impact 33

34 the national ior centre of norway Flow of non-newtonian fluids in porous media (PhD project) Duration: December 2015 November 2018 Project manager: Irene Ringen (UiS) PhD student: Irene Ringen (UiS) Key personnel: Aksel Hiorth (UiS/IRIS), Olav Aursjø (IRIS) and Arne Stavland (IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to design lab experiments that will provide information about the transport properties of polymer-based fluids in porous media. Polymer fluids are complex and there is currently no complete theoretical understanding of their transport properties in a reservoir where polymer molecules are exposed to temperature, salinity, and pressure gradients. This project will generate data and models that will be used in IORCoreSim and IORSim (Task 4) to predict the fate and effect of polymer flooding for improved oil recovery. OBJECTIVE To develop physical (mechanistic) models based on laboratory experiments that are capable of describing the sweep efficiency of non-newtonian fluids in porous media for flooding conditions representative of the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). KNOWLEDGE GAPS It is difficult to evaluate the field performance of polymer flooding using current simulation models. The models that describe polymer flooding are usually crude and do not take into account all of the chemical reactions that can take place when the pore fluid interacts with the rock. This is necessary in order to be able to predict how the polymer solution will propagate through the reservoir and displace the oil. In this project we will develop experimental techniques where the properties of the polymer solution, the properties of the porous media (grain size, mineralogy, wettability), pressure and temperature are systematically changed. The experimental data will be combined with numerical models both at a pore scale (Lattice Boltzmann technique), at a core scale (Darcy scale models), and thermodynamic models for the solution in order to suggest physical sound models that can be used on the Darcy scale in order to predict behaviour from cm to km scale. These models may be used to evaluate the economics of polymer flooding in oil reservoirs. PLANS 2018 Designing an experimental set-up that can quantify the fate of low salinity polymer solutions when injected into formations with high saline brine. Investigating how the viscosity of the solution and retention will change as the injected, low salinity brine is mixed with formation water. DELIVERABLES 2018 Submitting an abstract to the IOR Norway 2018 on the topic described above. This project delivers to: IOR mechanisms, Development of IOR methods and Economic potential and environmental impact 34

35 work plan Integrated EOR for heterogeneous reservoirs (Phase 2) Duration: January Project manager: Bergit Brattekås (UiS/UiB) Post doc: Bergit Brattekås (UiB) Key personnel: Bergit Brattekås (UiS/UiB), Martin Fernø (UiB), Geir Ersland (UiB) and Arne Stavland (IRiS) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK This project investigates fluid flow in porous rock with large permeability contrasts, e.g. caused by the presence of fractures. The high conductivity of fractures will often cause channeling of injected fluids, with poor sweep, early fluid breakthrough and a lower-than-expected oil recovery as end results. In this project we investigate EOR methods that reduce the impact from fractures, and divert fluid flow into the matrix to recover oil. OBJECTIVE There are three research objectives in the Post Doc project. 1. To optimise polymer gel and foam mobility control. Foam and polymer gel will be further developed for in-depth use. Especially relevant is the combination of polymer/polymer gel and foam injection through the use of Polymer-Enhanced Foams (PEFs) and Foamed Gels (FGs). 2. To use improved mobility control in Integrated Enhanced Oil Recovery (ieor). Combining EOR methods with mobility control in specially designed, integrated processes (ieor) has previously been found to increase oil recovery from oil-wet, heterogeneous systems by significantly improving sweep efficiency. Oil recovery was found to depend on the chase fluid, which largely controls the shape of the displacement front and thus the macroscopic sweep efficiency. In Objective 2, mobility control will be combined with surfactant, CO2 or low salinity water in smart sequences for ieor. 3. Numerical modelling and upscaling of ieor. This objective aims to include ieor methods and process mechanisms in numerical simulators in a way that is both representative and accurate; firstly at a core scale and thereafter at a reservoir grid and field scale. Phase 1 of this project focused on the modelling of spontaneous imbibition of brine from gel, which is different compared to imbibition in an oil/ brine system. Modelling of this effect is important to understand and quantify gel behaviour in oil-bearing zones in a fractured reservoir. Experiments concentrating on ieor and subsequent numerical modelling are planned during Phase 2 of the project. Understanding ieor at the core scale is essential for the successful implementation of combined or successive EOR methods in the field. This project relies on collaboration between the Reservoir Physics Research Group at the University of Bergen, and the IOR Centre for interaction between experiments (UiB) and numerical interpretation and modelling (UiS). The first collaboration paper was published in PLANS 2018 In-situ imaging of polymer gel placement and chase floods will be performed, applying positron emission tomography (PET) combined with CT. Interpretation of results using IORCore SIM. Present papers at several international conferences to widely distribute our results. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Polymer gel behaviour in heterogeneous and fractured porous media is frequently evaluated in single phase flow tests in the laboratory. Recent laboratory work by Brattekås, B. et al. shows, however, that multiphase functions, such as capillary pressure and relative permeability, influence conformance control contrary to best practice today. DELIVERABLES 2018 Improved understanding of gelation kinetics and interpretation using IORCoreSim. This project delivers to: Development of IOR methods, IOR mechanisms and Economic potential and environmental impact 35

36 the national ior centre of norway Permeability and stress state (PhD project) Duration: January 2017 January 2020 Project manager: Emanuela Kallesten PhD student: Emanuela Kallesten Key personnel: Merete Vadla Madland (UiS), Reidar Inge Korsnes (UiS), Udo Zimmermann (UiS) and Pål Østebø Andersen (UiS) Theme: 1 Task: 1 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to understand how stress state and pore pressure affects the permeability of compacting rocks. Pore pressure is usually modelled using an effective stress concept (overburden minus pore pressure). This simple relationship is not always true and there are currently no theoretical models to explain the observed effects. This project will generate more experimental data in which parameters are systematically varied in order to build better models. OBJECTIVE During the lifetime of petroleum reservoirs, the pore pressure may decrease or increase depending on the production stage. These changes in pore pressure alter the effective stresses and lead to deformation of the porous rock. Injected fluids can also induce chemical reactions that alter mineralogical structure and strength. It is crucial to understand these processes in order to predict fluid flow, oil recovery and to select optimal injection brines. The main objective of this project is therefore to study permeability evolution in chalk/carbonates as well as in sandstones at different stress states in order to predict permeability behaviour under actual reservoir conditions. As a secondary objective, models will also be considered to interpret the experimental data. KNOWLEDGE GAPS The project will lead to increased understanding of the relationship between permeability, stress, chemistry and deformation conditions. Improved understanding of the impact of typical water-related IOR techniques will also be obtained. This knowledge may improve predictions of reservoir behaviour based on laboratory studies. PLANS 2018 The focus in 2018 will be to start studying the effect of temperature and pore pressure in chalk. Performing single-phase flow tests at different stress states at elevated temperatures and pore pressures. Different types of fluids will be used in these studies. Fluids that will alter the mineralogical structure and fluids that are inert towards the rock surface. These tests will increase the understanding of the effects temperature and changes in pore pressure might have on the permeability evolution in a compacting rock. DELIVERABLES 2018 The results from the temperature and pore pressure tests will lead to: The submission of abstracts to workshops and/or conferences and the presentation of articles. The submission and publication of one journal paper. This project delivers to: Development of IOR methods, IOR Mechanisms, Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools and Economic potential and environmental impact 36

37 work plan Micro- and nano-analytical methods for EOR (PhD project) Duration: September 2015 August 2018 Project manager: Mona Wetrhus Minde (UiS) PhD student: Mona Wetrhus Minde (UiS) Key personnel:, Udo Zimmermann (UiS) and Merete Vadla Madland (UiS) Theme: 1 Task: 2 Budget 2018: NOK This project will help to fully understand which processes govern alterations in texture, chemistry and mineralogy when flooding rocks with non-equilibrium brines. Furthermore, its contribution to completing the toolbox for studying IOR/EOR effects is very important. The project is also significant, if not paramount, in estimating compaction and porosity evolution in order to predict EOR-related topics. OBJECTIVE This project focuses on understanding EOR mechanisms at a sub-micron scale using several state-of-theart micro- and nano-analytical techniques, imaging and analysing texture and chemistry to describe alteration in sedimentary rocks due to flooding with non-equilibrium brines. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Understanding EOR mechanisms at a micron- and sub-micron scale contributes to a better understanding of the processes involved when injecting EOR-fluids into reservoir rock. This significantly enhances performance, providing even better simulations and restraining the modelling of EOR effects. This understanding will also be of importance when upscaling from pore and core scale to decide which parameters are important when simulating/ modelling at field scale. The project is paramount in preparing the pilot project at Ekofisk as we have reservoir chalk and can apply the methods to these samples. Apart from the project entitled Raman and nano-raman spectroscopy applied to fine-grained sedimentary rocks (chalk, siltstones and shales) to understand mineralogical changes for IOR application, this is the only project to be carried out by geological scientists specialising in the object of the entire EOR project: rocks. The project will concentrate on the aspect of mineral growth, its predictability in chemical sedimentary rocks and the effects of flooding experiments on reservoir chalk, as well as possible clastic rocks. This newgrowths is also linked to dissolution of the original rock, and these processes together may significantly alter the geo-mechanical parameters of the rock along with the effects of enhancing the oil recovery. PLANS 2018 Collaboration with TU Bergakademie Freiberg and the University of Münster, Germany; Centre of Excellence LIST Luxembourg; École Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay and Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement, France; Centre of Excellence Institute for Planetary Materials, Misasa, Japan, fieldwork with colleagues, University of Edinburgh, University of Houston. As well as UiO, NTNU and NPD. DELIVERABLES 2018 At least one journal publication should be delivered in 2018 together contributions to conferences, as well as the finished thesis along with the final PhD-defence. This project delivers to: Development of IOR methods, IOR mechanisms, Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools and Economic potential and environmental impact 37

38 the national ior centre of norway Pore scale simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore scale Duration: Project manager: Jan Ludvig Vinningland (IRIS) Key personnel: Aksel Hiorth (UiS/IRIS) and Espen Jettestuen (IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 3 Budget 2018: NOK When injecting water into an oil reservoir for pressure support, during an EOR operation or in well treatment operations, the injected water will interact with the formation and the equilibrate with the formation at a distance from the injection point. For some operations, the exact composition of the pore water is crucial, and it is of importance to know how fast the chemical interactions are. This is of particular importance when injecting a low salinity brine or optimized brine to improve the microscopic sweep. Using high-resolution digital chalk geometries obtained from real rocks as input to a numerical geo-chemical pore scale model we will quantify permeability, wettability and remaining oil during two-phase flows. OBJECTIVE Investigate numerically the pore space evolution during water injection by quantifying permeability, wetting changes and trapped oil in high-resolution digital chalk geometries obtained from real rock samples. Study how the measured quantities depend on the sample size and resolution, and determine the representative elementary volume of the samples. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Injecting water into an oil reservoir leads to chemical alterations of the minerals on the pore surfaces. How fast are the chemical interactions, and how far from the injection point are they relevant? This is of particular importance when injecting a low salinity brine or optimized brine to improve the microscopic sweep. question when we try to bridge the gap between poreand core-scale measurements. PLANS 2018 Perform two-phase pore scale simulations using high-resolution geometries with up to 500 x 500 x 500 voxels. Perform size-sensitivity studies using outtakes from the high-resolution geometries. DELIVERABLES 2018 Improved understanding/prediction of relative permeability and capillary pressure curves in complex environments. Journal publications and a written report. Another important question is how permeability and wettability scales with the size of the sample. How small can a sample be and still yield a measurement that is representative for the whole? At which spatial scale are we no longer able to measure bulk values? This is a key This project delivers to: Development of IOR methods, IOR mechanisms, Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools, Full field prediction and Economic potential and environmental impact 38

39 work plan Micro-scale simulation of viscoelastic polymer solutions Duration: Project manager: Espen Jettestuen (IRIS) Key personnel: Jan Ludvig Vinningland (IRIS), Olav Aursjø (IRIS) and Aksel Hiorth (UiS/IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 3 Budget 2018: NOK The projects will study how the distribution of strain in a viscoelastic polymer solution will affect the interaction between the water and oil phases. The effect of added normal component to the stress due to the presence of polymer has been hypothesized to be a contributing factor to increased oil recovery in polymer-flooding. We will also have an increased focus on boundary conditions for the polymers. This could help to understand the polymer-flooding experiments in Task 1. OBJECTIVE Include complex boundary conditions in the BAD- ChIMP code. To study effective rheology in real rock samples in single-phase and multi-phase environments. To study processes for the mobilisation of the remaining oil due to the additional forces exerted by viscoelastic fluids. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Polymer solutions changes the effect viscosity of fluids due to pore geometry, but could also lead to further changes in pressure due to its non-linear rheology. Hence, effectively change how the water will interact with the oil, leading to changes in the oil recovery. These non-trivial interactions are yet to be fully understood. Further, the interactions between polymers and mineral grains could lead to changes in boundary conditions, which would change the fluid flow patterns further. PLANS 2018 We will build on the Fene-p model, and run multiphase simulations on both artificial and real rock geometries. DELIVERABLES 2018 In 2018 we are planning at least one publication in a peer reviewed paper. Comparison between experiments and simulations. Improve the modularity of the BADChIMP code. One of the risk factors involved is the fact that large viscosity ratios can be an issue for the standard lattice Boltzmann model. This can be mitigated by using more elaborate lattice Boltzmann models called multi relaxation methods. This project delivers to: Development of IOR methods; IOR mechanisms; and Economic potential and environmental impact 39

40 the national ior centre of norway Description of the rheological properties of complex fluids based on the kinetic theory (Postdoc project) Duration: July 2015 July 2018 Project manager: Dmitry Shogin (UiS) Postdoc: Dmitry Shogin (UiS) Key personnel: Aksel Hiorth (UiS/IRIS), Merete Vadla Madland (UiS) Theme: 1 Task: 3 Budget 2018: NOK Polymer fluids are non-newtonian, and these fluids are different from Newtonian fluids in all kinds of ways. For example, non-newtonian fluids exert a force on the pore wall and may potentially affect residual oil saturation. The purpose of this project is to develop a model for the non-newtonian rheology based on first principles, and to investigate the consequences in different geometries and different polymer parameters. The results will be used to investigate whether non-newtonian effects may have a substantial impact on oil recovery and to determine effective rheological parameters on the Darcy scale. OBJECTIVE To construct working mathematical and physical models that allow for the description and prediction of the rheological properties of complex fluids in different circumstances. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Injecting synthetic polymers into seawater substantially changes its rheological properties, a process that has been successfully used in oil recovery procedures. Although useful empirical relations for non-newtonian viscosity exist and work well, they are correlations and are not linked to the underlying physics and chemistry. This makes it hard to use them when the chemistry of the polymer molecules changes and/or hard to predict behaviour when salts or other substances are added to the solvent. A thorough understanding of the underlying physics is necessary in order to build consistent mathematical models based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. PLANS 2018 Improving effective mathematical and physical models that can be used in practice to predict rheological properties based on microscopic parameters and experimental input. We are using the FENE-P dumbbell and bead-spring-chain models, which assume that polymers can be represented as two or several beads connected by a nonlinear spring. Estimating model parameters using a rheometer and using these parameters to predict polymer behaviour in complex geometries. DELIVERABLES 2018 Improved physics-based models of polymer solutions where salinity of the solvent and mechanical degradation of polymer chains are taken into account. A program for numerically solving the equations of the dynamics of complex fluids. Mathematical and physical models that can be implemented in a Navier-Stokes solver (e.g. OPM and/or lattice Boltzmann code (BADChiMP). This project delivers to: IOR mechanism, Development of IOR methods and Economic potential and environmental impact 40

41 work plan IORSim development project Duration: > Project manager: Jan Sagen (IFE) Key personnel: Aksel Hiorth (UiS/IRIS), Terje Sira (IFE), Jan Nossen (IFE), Egil Brendsdal (IFE) and Steinar Groland (IFE) Theme: 1 Task: 4 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to develop a simulator, IORSim, which improves the capabilities of industry standard reservoir simulators to simulate IOR processes. This is done in a modular way by letting the industry standard reservoir simulator carry out the fluid flow predictions, while IOR- Sim simulates the transportation of chemicals, interactions and effects on the flow parameters (relative permeability and capillary pressure). This allows us to take advantage of the improved pore- and core-scale models developed in Tasks 1, 2 and 3 directly in realistic field cases. OBJECTIVE To develop a simulator that uses industry standard reservoir models and the important physio-chemical mechanism from the lab scale to predict the impact of an IOR strategy. KNOWLEDGE GAPS How do EOR processes at a core scale translate to a larger scale? What are the optimal injection strategies based on information from the core scale? What are the important physical and chemical mechanisms at a field scale for a successful EOR implementation? Together with a reservoir simulator, IORSim provides an upscaling tool from core scale to field scale, with the option to quickly and accurately simulate IOR processes. Its major strength is that the simulation of species is performed separately from the rest of the fluid flow calculation in the reservoir. The advantage of this is twofold. Firstly, IORSim makes it possible to perform advanced geochemical IOR simulations within any existing reservoir simulator. It will therefore fill a large gap for the oil companies, which have invested a lot of resources in building reservoir cases within the concept of one specific reser voir simulator on which they rely quite heavily. Secondly, the separation of the flow calculation and the chemical species calculation enhances accuracy and efficiency with regard to computing time. PLANS 2018 Extended testing of realistic, large Eclipse IORSim cases Implement heat conduction and physical dispersion in IORSim Include PVT model from Eclipse in IORSim Increase efficiency of the geochemical module in IORSim Include thermal effects of overburden and underburden Develop well model that includes species transport and heat conduction (including cross flow) If additional resources beyond 3mnok are available: Simulation/interpretation of the SNORRE silicate pilot IORSim INTERSECT coupling IORSim OPM coupling via Eclipse type of files or direct coupling to OPM Include geomechanical effects in IOR Sim. Possible pre project to study pos sibilities with IORSim DELIVERABLES 2018 New release of IORSim One journal paper and a conference paper This project delivers to: Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools and Economic potential and environmental impact 41

42 the national ior centre of norway Environmental fate and effect of EOR-polymers (PhD project) Duration: June 2015 May 2019 Project manager: Eystein Opsahl (UiS) PhD student: Eystein Opsahl (UiS) Key personnel: Roald Kommedal (UiS) and Aksel Hiorth (UIS/IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 4 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to quantify the fate and effect on polymers used in an off-shore setting. We will quantify changes in polymers after they have been exposed to different flow regimes. This knowledge will be used to assess the impact that the polymers may have on the marine ecosystem. OBJECTIVE To provide understanding about the behaviour of polymers used for EOR in the marine environment at low concentrations. This is achieved by applying multi angle laser light scattering in combination with degradation and toxicological studies. KNOWLEDGE GAPS The key environmental issue with EOR-polymers is absolute molecular characterisation. This project heavily prioritizes methods for the isolation and characterization of polymers in complex media like sea-water and/or produced water. With further refinement of the currently available light scattering techniques, it will become possible to create structure activity relationships for fate and long-term effects EOR-polymers. In general, the fate and long-term effects of polymers in the environment is not well understood due to former analytical limitations. PLANS 2018 Having finalized the development of polymer characterization methods during 2017, the time has now come to put it to good use. As of the end of 2017, the first biodegradation study with absolute polymer characterization has finished. Two more studies are following suit. These two studies are at the time of writing (10th Oktober 2017) past the planning phase and is just starting up in the lab. The core elements of these studies will be carried out during The first study relies on the use of a rainbow trout gill cell culture for toxicological screening of polymer fluids (Dayeh, Schirmer, and Bols 2002). The other, an accelerated weathering study akin to Bejgarn will be employed to simulate years of environmental stresses to reveal long-term structural changes and changing toxicity using the cell culture from the other study. (Bejgarn et al. 2015) As before, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) will examine shifts in molecular weight (Mw) distribution (Wyatt 1993) eventually comprising a unique set of data relating effects, fate, structure and molecular weight. In addition, an M.Sc. student has been assigned with the screening tracers also researched by the national IOR centre using the method referred to above. DELIVERABLES 2018 Peer reviewed paper on «Long term bio degradation with absolute characterization of polymers» Presentation during the 2018 IOR Stavan ger conference Focus on data generation in lab One M.Sc on tracers This project delivers to: Economic potential and environmental impact 42

43 work plan Lab scale Polymer Test in porous media Supporting Halliburton s Large Scale Polymer Shear Test phase II Project manager: Amare Mebratu (Halliburton) Key personnel: Siv Marie Åsen (IRIS) and Arne Stavland (IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 4 (and 1) Budget 2018: NOK Duration: Phase II > The purpose of this project is to prepare for a large-scale polymer test. We want to study the effect of polymer transport on a larger scale (several meters). This project will test similar polymer and porous media in the lab (cm) in order to select the relevant parameters and the relevant chemical systems for a larger scale test. OBJECTIVE Lab work supporting and supplementing Halliburton s large-scale phase II test and IRIS personnel s involvement in the large-scale test. A detailed experimental test design for the large-scale phase II test is in progress and will focus on the shear degradation of polymers in a porous media. Support will be required from IRIS researchers in designing the test set-up, carrying out sampling and measuring and interpreting the data. We will also perform lab-scale experiments using similar systems to those used in the largescale test. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Are core scale experiments sufficient to predict the behaviour of polymers at a field scale? Do simulators capture all of the important parameters? PLANS 2018 Performing core-scale experiments at lab scale and upscaling the experiments to larger core dimensions. This will generate experience that can be used to build new infrastructures. We plan to publish the results, where we will compare polymer shear degradation at different scales. DELIVERABLES 2018 Final report and knowledge of how to perform largescale experiments in porous media. Presumably new knowledge about the transport properties of polymer molecules on a larger scale. This project delivers to: Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools; Field performance; IOR mechanisms; and Economic potential and environmental impact 43

44 the national ior centre of norway Smart Water for EOR by Membranes (PhD project) Duration: May 2015 May 2018 Project manager: Remya Ravindran Nair (UiS) PhD student: Remya Ravindran Nair (UiS) Key personnel: Torleiv Bilstad (UiS), Skule Strand (UiS) and Evgenia Protasova (UiS) Theme: 1 Task: 4 Budget 2018: NOK The objective of this research is to determine technical opportunities and limitations for production of Smart Water from seawater and produced water (PW) by membranes. Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are mainly used for this purpose. NF membranes are efficient in performing partial desalination of seawater and PW at low pressure with high flux resulting in low power consumption. OBJECTIVE The project aims at optimizing offshore wastewater management by reusing PW as Smart Water with minimum environmental impact. Research also comprises pre-treatment of oily PW on lab scale and membrane treatment of de-oiled PW. Results are assessed in terms of desalination efficiencies and energy requirements. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Data regarding implementing NF membranes for PW treatment is limited. This project evaluates most appropriate conditions for de-oiled PW treatment by NF. Quantitative and qualitative data concerning compositions and membrane flow rates for Smart Water production from seawater and de-oiled PW in carbonate and sandstone reservoirs are limited. This area is considered in this project. PLANS 2018 Determine the most appropriate membrane for Smart Water production from both seawater and PW with higher membrane recovery, comprising optimal ionic composition. DELIVERABLES 2018 Reports and submission of papers for publication. Will work on creating a model for ion rejection using experimental results at various test conditions. This project delivers to: Economic potential and environmental impact & Development of IOR methods 44

45 work plan Polymer rheology at microand Darcy scale (PhD project) Duration: January 2018 December 2020 Project manager: Siv Marie Åsen (UiS/IRIS) PhD student: Siv Marie Åsen (UiS/IRIS) Key personnel: Aksel Hiorth (UiS), Rune Time (UiS), Arne Stavland (IRIS), Espen Jettestuen (IRIS) Theme: 1 Task: 4 Budget 2018: NOK The purpose of this project is to investigate polymer rheology in porous media through thorough experimental investigation at different scales, accompanied by modelling, to determine what governs the onset of shear thinning, shear thickening and mechanical degradation, and if possible, propose methods of mitigating mechanical degradation. OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to perform dedicated experiments at micro and Darcy scale to verify/substantiate or reject models that explains the behavior of polymer solutions in porous media. In addition to traditional investigation, the polymer will be studied with novel/advanced techniques such as microfluidics, imaging techniques and instruments for analyzing the distribution of molecular weight. This will be done in cooperation with ongoing projects in the IOR Centre. Modelling tools devolved in the Centre will be used to model the polymer behavior at pore scale, lab scale and field scale. Results from phase II of the large-scale polymer test can be included. KNOWLEDGE GAPS 1. What determines mechanical degradation of synthetic polymers in a porous medium, and can it be mitigated? 2. Why does associative polymers display a thickening behavior in a porous rock at high temperature? 3. What determines the time constants for shear thinning and shear thickening? 4. What is the effect of in-situ hydrolyzation of PAM to HPAM? PLANS 2018 Perform Literature study. Acquire and learn to use microfluidic equipment. Design, perform and interpret microfluidic and core scale experiments. Compile results from tube flow experiments at different scales for a journal paper. DELIVERABLES 2018 Finalized interpretation of shear degradadtion experiments Investigate potential microfluidic set ups This project delivers to: IOR mechanisms, Development of IOR methods and Economic potential and environmental impact 45

46 the national ior centre of norway Development and testing of nanoparticles as tailormade tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties Project manager: Tor Bjørnstad (IFE) Postdocs: Thomas Brichart (IFE) and Mahmoud Ould Metidji (IFE), NN (IFE) Key personnel: Sissel Opsahl Viig (IFE) and Alexander Krivokapic (IFE) Theme: 2 Task: 5 Budget 2018: NOK Duration: January 2016 December 2018 The aim of this research is to offer a new monitoring technology that has not previously been available. It will also improve existing technology and develop new technology for improved reservoir description, including monitoring of selected reservoir properties (SOR, for instance), based on the use of tracers for the flow of injected fluids. The application of this technology will help define the best IOR strategy for selected reservoirs. OBJECTIVE To develop nanoparticles (C-dots and silica-based) to be used in interwell examinations for: 1. improved reservoir description, and 2. measurement of reservoir properties such as residual oil saturation in the swept zone between wells KNOWLEDGE GAPS The project aims to provide more dynamic monitoring possibilities for injected fluids and for special reservoir description other than what is currently available. Nanoparticles (C-dots) in the 2-10 nm range will not be able to penetrate the smallest pores in the porous medium but can easily be pushed through pores of > 50 nm. Together with the more traditional molecular tracers which may enter even the smallest pores, this gives in principle information of the ratios of noncracked rock versus the fraction of fissures and micro-fractures. Particles with somewhat larger diameters will mainly probe high-permeability zones including fractures. In summary, application of such tracer tools may provide more information about the degree of heterogeneity of fluid conducting pores in the reservoir section between wells. PLANS 2018 We are planning four main activities and a fifth optional activity: 1. Further laboratory examinations of particle stability against agglomeration at higher concentration. 2. Continue examining the option to modify particle wettability and zeta potential. 3. Continue examining dynamic properties in core flooding experiments. 4. Continue examining the consistency in the analysis of nanoparticles by their fluorescence: Can we enhance the detectability by adding special fluorophores to the synthesis formulation? 5. Optional (but strongly desired): Carrying out an interwell field test of C-dots in Colorado in the fall of 2018 in cooperation with Cornell University. The implementation of this field test is dependent on recommendation by the TC and approval of the Board because it will require some additional funding. DELIVERABLES 2018 The results of static stability experiments, surface modification (wettability),dynamic testing and the analytical stability of C-dots will be available and reportable. Optional (see above): If a central decision can be made on the indicated field pilot in Colorado, the results of the field test will be available and reportable towards the end of Experiments will be started on silica-based nanoparticles and the first exsperimental results will be reported. The results of laboratory tests achieved by the end of 2017 will be published in a conference paper at the next IOR Centre/EAGE Conference in April This project delivers to: Field performance, Monitoring tools and history matching, Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools, Full-field prediction and Economic potential and environmental impact. 46

47 work plan Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods Duration: January 2016 October 2018 (continuing from 2016) Project manager: Tor Bjørnstad (IFE) Postdocs: Thomas Brichart (IFE) and Mahmoud Ould Metidji (IFE), NN (IFE) Key personnel: Sissel Opsahl Viig (IFE) and Alexander Krivokapic (IFE) Theme: 2 Task: 5 Budget 2018: NOK This research aims to improve existing technology and develop new technology for measuring SOR in reservoirs, based on the use of tracers for the flow of injected fluids. The application of this technology will help define the best IOR strategy for selected reservoirs by examining the near-well zone. OBJECTIVE To develop new tracers for near-well push-and-pull operations with specially high analytical sensitivity using light- or laser-induced fluorescence for 1. Measuring SOR in the near-well zone to 5-10 meters from the well. 2. Measuring the efficiency of various EOR methods by applying the principle in point 1 before and after an EOR campaign has been implemented in the well. KNOWLEDGE GAPS The traditional method for single-well determination of SOR applies simple esters as primary tracers. These tracers have a high detection limit. This project aims to create new tracers that can be detected at low concentrations using fluorescence. Small volumes of chemicals are required. This would considerably reduce the physical footprint, environmental pollution concerns and the operation time. The operation costs of the test will therefore be reduced correspondingly, allowing for onsite or online detection of the tracers, which would lead to faster results. PLANS 2018 We are planning six main activities and one optional activity: 1. Continuing synthesis of lanthanide chelate esters 2. Continuing stability testing of the tracer candidates. 3. Measuring water-oil partition coefficients (K-values) and reaction conversion rate constants (k) depending on the defined reservoir parameters. 4. Examining dynamic properties in core flooding experiments. 5. Developing and optimising analytical procedures for laboratory and field implementation. 6. Optional: Starting a concept clarification activity involving the possible use of nanoparticles as «load carriers» to determine SOR in single-well operations. DELIVERABLES 2018 The results of the synthesis of lanthanide chelates, static stability experiments, oil-water partitioning experiments, measurements of hydrolysis rate constants, dynamic testing and analytical development will be available and reportable in (probably) 2 or 3 journal papers/ conference contributions. Aim for a journal publication on certain special aspects of lanthanide chelates. Consider a patent application on the use of nanoparticles as load (tracer) carriers in single-well operations to measure SOR. This project delivers to: Field performance, Monitoring tools and history matching, Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools, Full-field prediction and Economic potential and environmental impact. 47

48 the national ior centre of norway Development of water/oil partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region (PhD project) Project manager: Mario Silva (UiS) PhD student(s): Mario Silva (UiS) Key personnel: Tor Bjørnstad (IFE), Svein Skjæveland (UiS), Sissel Opsahl Viig (IFE) and Alexander Krivokapic (IFE) Theme: 2 Task: 5 Budget 2018: NOK Duration: Spring 2015 Spring 2018 This project intends to deliver tracers to measure residual oil saturation in flooded zones of the reservoir, which will also provide information about fluid circulation. This information will contribute to a more detailed characterisation of the reservoir, identification of EOR targets and evaluation of EOR operations. OBJECTIVE Development of new oil/water partitioning tracers for partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITT) to measure remaining oil saturation in the flooded reservoir regions. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Tracer technology can provide information that benefits all stages of the production chain. PITT tracers provide unique data about fluid circulation and remaining oil saturation in the reservoir, however their use is still limited due to the existence of very few compounds with the desired properties, hence the need to develop more oil/ water partitioning tracers. PLANS 2018 This will be the project s final year, and submission of the doctoral Thesis is expected late spring/early summer Therefore, activities involving final «tuning» and range expansion of test methods for the PITT tracer candidates, dynamic experiments (core flooding) and preparation of a field pilot test, are foreseen to be completed early DELIVERABLES 2018 This project has produced following publications: Mario Silva and Tor Bjørnstad: «Solid-Phase Micro-extraction as Sample Preparation Technique in Tracer Technology», poster at NIOR 2016, Stavanger, April 26-27, Mario Silva, Helge Stray and Tor Bjørnstad: «Studies on New Chemical Tracers for Determination of Residual Oil Saturation in the Inter-Well Region», SPE MS, Oklahoma, USA, March, 2017 Mario Silva, Helge Stray and Tor Bjørnstad: «New Potential Tracer Compounds for Inter-well SOR Determination - Stability at Reservoir Conditions», IOR NORWAY th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, April 2017, Stavanger, Norway. We have further planned the following dissemi-nation (though participation in conferences, scientific journals, and academic thesis) in 2018: M. Ould-Metidji, M.H.Lopes Da Silva, L. Ferrando-Climent, A. Krivokapic and T. Bjørnstad: «Future Prospects for Reservoir Tracer Technology: Benefits, Obstacles and Develop-ment», abstract submitted to the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference 2018, Tulsa, Oclahoma, April 14-18, Journal publication about the characterization of the PITT tracers partitioning coefficient as function of the relevant reservoir parameters which affect it. Journal publication about the dynamic behaviour of the qualified PITT tracers. The doctoral thesis compiling all the developed work, it s presentation and defence. This project delivers to the following Roadmap keywords: Field performance, Monitoring tools and history matching, Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools, Full-field prediction and Economic potential and environmental impact 48

49 work plan Adding more physics, chemistry and geological realism into the reservoir simulator Duration: January 2014 December 2021 Project manager: Robert Klöfkorn Postdocs: Trine Mykkeltvedt (IRIS) and Pål Andersen (UiS) Key personnel: Ove Sævareid (IRIS) and Steinar Evje (UiS) Theme: 2 Task: 6 Budget 2018: NOK This project addresses the forward simulation of IOR methods. Moreover, in this project we aim to contribute in providing a tailor made simulator which includes necessary modeling methodologies and simulation capabilities for simulating increased oil recovery pilots on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to provide innovative modelling methodology and simulation capabilities for IOR. This includes the following research topics: Field scale simulation of modified water injection Representation of brine-dependent multiphase flow at different scales in terms of mathematical models Transferring lab-scale mechanisms to field scale Field scale simulation of fractured porous media Including spontaneous imbibition effects controlled by water-rock chemistry at field scale Studying of higher order methods for simulation of IOR processes Develop and test mathematical models related to SCAL and how to transfer measurements to input data for reservoir simulation Implementing the results from above in the Open Porous Media (OPM) framework KNOWLEDGE GAPS Standard reservoir simulators do not account for the mechanisms listed above in the objective. The project will investigate which of these missing effects are crucial for full field simulation of IOR processes, and will seamlessly implement the needs into OPM. PLANS 2018 In 2018 we are planning the following activities at UiS: We will investigate numerical and analytical models related to SCAL, viscous coupling and Fracture-Matrix flow. It is planned to explore some of these findings with OPM. At IRIS we planning the following main activities: 1. Further integration and investigation of higher order methods in OPM. This research includes one PostDoc at IRIS and is linked to PhD project Investigation of fractured flow modelling possibilities in OPM. 3. Improvement of OPM robustness (history matching and optimisation), and 4. (If resources allow) Improved coupling of OPM and IORSim. These activities will contribute to milestone 12 on the roadmap, and ultimately towards the goal of full field scale tests. Dissemination is expected and planned. DELIVERABLES 2018 Submitting and publishing several journal papers Attending workshops and conferences and presenting articles Submitting abstract(s) to the IOR Norway conference and SCA Symposium OPM releases ( and ), which should include several of the above described functionalities This project delivers to: Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools, Full field prediction, Monitoring tools and history matching and Economic potential and environmental impact 49

50 the national ior centre of norway Advanced numerical methods for compositional flow applied to field scale reservoir models (PhD project) Project manager: Anna Kvashchuk (UiS) PhD student: Anna Kvashchuk (UiS) Key personnel: Robert Klöfkorn (IRIS) Theme: 2 Task: 6 Budget 2018: NOK Duration: January 2016 December 2018 This project addresses the forward simulation of IOR methods, and particularly investigates different numerical methods that can be applied to implement a compositional flow module for modeling the IOR/EOR. In the end, the project contributes to pilot simulations by providing a full field simulation tool for water based IOR/EOR methods. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to investigate and establish higher order numerical methods for modelling IEOR processes in reservoir simulation tools. Prototype implementations will be provided within the Open Porous Media (OPM) project and a compositional flow module for the black oil flow simulator in OPM will be provided. The key elements will be: Higher order approximations, including thermal effects, with appropriate coupling to the flow simulator. Inclusion of field scale smart water simulation where thermal effects cannot be neglected. The PhD project consists of three main parts: studying and implementing higher order schemes, coupling the scheme with the black oil flow model and a field scale study. All of the activities will be carried out within the OPM code base. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Standard simulators do not account for the mechanisms described in the objective, nor are higher order numerical methods present in everyday field scale simulations. Note that higher order methods are also addressed in the other Task 6 project, but both the application (polymer vs compositional) and basic methodology (finite volume vs discontinuous Galerkin) are different. There are also important distinctions to be made compared with IORSim, which is based on classical (diffusive) techniques amended with grid refinement. This project s achievements therefore also contribute directly to the development of IORSim. PLANS 2018 The plans for 2018 include the following four main activities: (1) Continuation of investigation into numerical methods for compositional flow, (2) Integration of a compositional module in OPM-flow, (3) Preliminary testing for cases with realistic chemical reactions, and (4) Implementation of a smart water test case in OPM. DELIVERABLES 2018 Submitting and publishing journal papers. Attending workshops and conferences. Submitting abstract(s) to the IOR Norway 2018 conference. Continued collaboration with the OPM, Dune, and DuMuX community and extension of collaborations with UiB. This project delivers to: Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools, Full field prediction, Monitoring tools and history matching and Economic potential and environmental impact 50

51 work plan CO 2 Foam EOR Field Pilots (PhD project) Duration: November 2015 January 2019 Project manager: Mohan Sharma (UiS) PhD student: Mohan Sharma (UiS) Key personnel: Arne Graue (UiB) and Svein M. Skjæveland (UiS) Theme: 2 Task: 6 Budget 2018: NOK This project aims to bridge this gap by conducting pilot studies in heterogeneous reservoirs of both clastics and carbonates. The project involves understanding the mechanisms on small and large scales for CO 2 Foam EOR. The overall project includes lab-scale studies, pilot-scale studies and the integration of data from various scales. OBJECTIVE The project aims to understand large-scale CO 2 mobility control using foam from onshore field pilots based in the USA. The primary objective of the project is to develop CO 2 foam mobility control technology for EOR and aquifer storage on the NCS. As a secondary objective, improved modelling of CO 2 foam processes will be established by upscaling the results from laboratory scale to reservoir scale based on the pilot results. KNOWLEDGE GAPS Experimental work has been carried out in laboratories at UiS/IRIS and UiB over the last few years to demonstrate the application of foaming agents for mobility control of CO 2 flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs, and to understand the parameters influencing flow behaviour under CO 2 -foam flooding at a core scale. However, there is a limited understanding of the application of foam at a reservoir scale. This project aims to bridge this gap by conducting pilot studies in heterogeneous reservoirs of both clastics and carbonates. PLANS 2018 The pilot for one of the selected fields, with carbonate reservoir, will start early this year. The planned study period will be 9 to 12 months. Data will be recorded in the field, which will guide any update required in the injection strategy and eventually help to understand the foam displacement process. The pilot design for the other field will be completed by Q Meanwhile, the results obtained from lab coreflood studies and the baseline data acquired for this field will be used to prepare a baseline numerical model. This will act as a vehicle for the pilot design. The work on core-flood studies, field data analysis and pilot design is planned in cooperation with the members of the Reservoir Physics research group at UiB. DELIVERABLES 2018 The pilot for one the selected fields, with carbonate reservoir, will start early this year. The pilot design for the other field, with sandstone reservoir, will be completed by Q Reports and Publications. Two abstracts will be submitted to EAGE/SPE conferences on reservoir modelling and simulation work carried out for the pilots. Plan to continue research collaboration with TU Delft and Rice University. This project delivers to: IOR mechanisms, Full field prediction, Monitoring tools and history matching and Economic potential and environmental impact 51

52 the national ior centre of norway Production optimization Duration: Project manager: Geir Nævdal (IRIS) PhD student(s): Yiteng Zhang (UiS) Key personnel: Yuqing Chang and Rolf J. Lorentzen, IRIS Theme: 2 Task: 7 Budget 2018: NOK The economic feasibility of implementing new IOR methods on a field needs to be evaluated, preferably taking the uncertainty in the reservoir description into account. This project will develop a methodology for optimizing the future production and aim at evaluate the correct economic potential of the reservoirs. Environmental constraints can be added to the optimization. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is further development of ensemble based methods for production optimization and adapting the ensemble based production optimization methodology to cases relevant for The National IOR Centre of Norway. Secondary objectives are: Further improvement of the methodology Adaption and testing of methodology on cases relevant for The National IOR Centre of Norway KNOWLEDGE GAPS Ensemble based tools for production optimization has been developed over the last decade, with a special focus on waterflooding. The ensemble based tools are computationally demanding due to the number of simulations required. We will investigate if certain changes of the methodology (choice of step size, etc.) can make it more efficient. In addition, an idea for reducing the computational burden using model reduction has been introduced in an associated PhD project (Aojie Hong). This idea might be taken further in subsequent work. In addition, it is natural to develop case studies beyond waterflooding (like polymer injection etc.) the selection of the trial steps used for calculating the gradient. This study will be coordinated with the ongoing PhD work of Yiteng Zhang (Task 2.7.3). 2. Development of proxy model and optimization based on utilizing proxy models. Here we would start by testing if existing frameworks for developing proxy models are suitable, but also look into new approaches for developing proxy models based on machine learning. DELIVERABLES 2018 If the planned testing give positive results we plan to write 1 2 conference papers, that can be further developed into journal papers. PLANS 2018 We plan to work on two aspects in 2018: 1. Test new ideas for making the ensemble based approach more efficient, in particular with respect to This project delivers to: Economic potential and environmental impact & Fiscal framework and investment decisions 52

53 work plan Statistical Technique in Reducing Negative Connotation of Ensemble Based Optimization and its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (PhD project) Project manager: Yiteng Zhang (UiS) PhD: Yiteng Zhang (UiS) Key personnel: Geir Nævdal (IRIS), Andreas S. Stordal (IMR) and Svein M. Skjæveland (UiS) Theme: 2 Task: 7 Budget 2018: NOK Duration: 1 November October 2018 This project addresses the robustness and efficiency of optimization algorithms, serving as a tool for evaluating different IOR pilots. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to give a precise mathematical formulation of ensemble-based optimization under geological uncertainty. The secondary objectives include: Improving the existing methodology using more convincing mathematical insight. Understanding and improving the formulation of the objective function under uncertainty. Investigating the different mathematical treatments within the problem formulation. KNOWLEDGE GAPS The work attests trust-region methods to be used practically to increase net-present-value within the scope of operating cost management. More specifically, it provides a precise mathematical formulation of ensemble-based optimization under geological uncertainties using trust-region methods. PLANS 2018 The focus in 2018 is to develop an integrated algorithm and to start testing on synthetic reservoir cases. Moreover, this project focuses on improving the current step size selection with a self-adaptive algorithm. Seeking insight and the implementation of several variance reduction techniques will also be given equal attention in the 2018 research. Dissemination is expected in the form of publications and presentations. DELIVERABLES 2018 Manuscripts of journal paper should be drafted by the end of At least one of the drafted manuscripts should be submitted. Conference papers are also expected. Numerous abstracts will be submitted for consideration for poster sessions and oral presentations throughout the year. Although the number of publications has started to grow, the theoretical understanding of practical algorithms is still limited. The project aims to fulfil the current fade area of statistical understanding of the optimization algorithm. This project delivers to: Economic potential and environmental impact & Fiscal framework and investment decisions 53

54 the national ior centre of norway Data assimilation using 4D seismic data Duration: Project manager: Geir Nævdal (IRIS) Postdocs: Tuhin Bhakta (IRIS) and Kjersti S. Eikrem (IRIS) Key personnel: Xiaodong Luo (IRIS), Tuhin Bhakta (IRIS), Morten Jakobsen (UiB) and Kjersti S. Eikrem (IRIS) Theme: 2 Task: 7 Budget 2018: NOK This project is the main project addressing history matching at the IOR centre. Work has started using data from the Norne field. The project focuses on being able to meet the target of full field history matching using 4D seismic and tracer data. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this project is to include 4D seismic data in ensemble-based history matching for full fields. The secondary objectives include: Establishing real field(s) and gathering the data required Investigating which form of 4D seismic data is most suitable for inclusion Developing suitable rock physic model(s) Uncertainty quantification of the seismic data Adapting the ensemble based methods to work with the large amount of seismic data KNOWLEDGE GAPS If information from 4D seismic data is incorporated into reservoir models, this is typically done through manual matching by geologists and interpretation of the data by geophysicists. A workflow that includes the use of 4D seismic data directly in assisted history matching has not been developed. History matching using 4D seismic data is a challenging and substantial large task, as pointed out by the many secondary objectives that must be handled, and this project will address these challenges. PLANS 2018 After addressing the different secondary objectives of this project during 2017 we will in early 2018 do the first test of history matching a real field (using the available Norne data set). We plan to present the results of the work on the Norne field in a suitable paper. We foresee that the result of the history matching on a full field will identify further challenges that needs to be addressed during In addition, we are investigating the use of full-waveform inversion for 4D seismic history matching. We are working with an approach that give insight into the error propagation in seismic inversion, which is important for seismic history matching. In 2017 we have investigated an approach utilizing the availability of the sensitivity matrix while performing the uncertainty analysis. In contrast with the main stream of researchers within the FWI community our method is based on an explicit representation of the data sensitivity function in terms of Green functions. This approach will be compared to an ensemble based approach in To calculate impedances and densities from AVA data, we plan to use a Bayesian approach, as described earlier by our cooperation partner Dario Grana. Both initial demonstration and a field case demonstration of this approach should be suitable for a conference paper at a suitable conference. This work started in 2017, but needs to be continued into DELIVERABLES 2018 If potential conferences are identified, we plan to submit early versions of the planned papers (listed under 2018 plans) to such. The code for ensemble-based history matching of 4D seismic data will be tested on a real field case and modified if needed. This project delivers to: Monitoring tools and history matching, Full field prediction, Field performance, Economic potential and environmental impact & Fiscal frame work and investment decisions. 54

55 work plan Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs Duration: Project manager: Geir Nævdal (IRIS) Postdoc: Tuhin Bhakta (IRIS) Key personnel: As above Theme: 2 Task: 7 Budget 2018: NOK This project aims to improve the interpretation of 4D seismic data for the location of gas, water and pressure fronts in compacting reservoirs. This is important to monitor a water front using 4D seismic data. The methods developed will further contribute towards improving history matching using 4D seismic data for compacting reservoirs. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to address the extra complexity of compacting reservoirs when including 4D seismic data in history matching. The secondary objectives are: Working towards solving this problem with a data set from ConocoPhillips (Ekofisk). Initially we will focus on interpreting 4D AVO seismic data for updating saturations, pressures and porosities. (In this case the porosity is changing because of compaction effects.) In the second step we will use the interpreted data for ensemble-based history matching. KNOWLEDGE GAPS The project aims to make better use of time-lapse seismic data for compacting reservoirs. The methodology developed for the interpretation of saturation and pressure fronts from AVO data is more complicated for compacting reservoirs. Here we will focus on resolving the problems connected with these complications. This will be used for better history matching with 4D seismic data. PLANS 2018 We are planning two activities in 2018: 1. Uncertainty quantification. Our development of the improved workflow for estimating changes in dynamic reservoir parameters for compacting reservoir parameters started with taking a deterministic approach with a limited focus on uncertainty quantification. One way of ensuring a better handling of uncertainties in the estimated parameters would be to use a Bayesian approach. This would require new methodological development. To solve the large-scale estimation problem we use an ensemble based approach. This activity started 2017, and will be completed in Data assimilation using 4D seismic data for a compacting reservoir. This task will be a major undertaking and needs to start with careful planning to define its scope. For instance, we need to decide whether we should aim for a full field history matching or limit the study, for instance, by using a sector model. The study needs to be defined in close collaboration with the provider of the field data. The research is planned in collaboration with ConocoPhillips, Schlumberger and the University of Wyoming. DELIVERABLES 2018 Based on the plans described above, we plan to have at least one report to describe the outcome for each of the two activities. If permission for publication is received, it would be natural to present the results at appropriate conferences. This project delivers to: Upscaling, simulation and interpretation tools, Monitoring tools and history matching, Field performance, Full field prediction and Economic potential and environmental impact 55

56 the national ior centre of norway D seismic and tracer data for coupled geomechanical/ reservoir flow models Duration: Duration of Schlumberger s in-kind contribution Project manager: Jarle Haukås (Schlumberger) Key personnel: Michael Niebling (Schlumberger), Wiebke Athmer (Schlumberger), Marie Etchebes (Schlumberger), Aicha Bounaim (Schlumberger), Jan Øystein Haavig Bakke (Schlumberger) and Bjørn Harald Fotland (Schlumberger) Theme: 2 Task: 7 Budget 2018: NOK This project is investigating the coupling between fluid flow and geomechanics for improved oil recovery, and the use of 4D seismic data in history matching of coupled models. Moreover, this project brings geomechanics into the history matching picture, and links lab results on rock strength to field scale modeling. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the project is to investigate rational methods for building and updating coupled fluid flow/ geomechanical models. The secondary objectives include: Linking 4D seismic observations to stress exchange in the reservoir and surrounding rock. In the second step we will use the interpreted data for ensemble-based history matching. KNOWLEDGE GAPS In fractured reservoirs, the understanding of how dynamic stress changes in the reservoir open and close the fracture systems as a result of the injection strategy is of key importance with regard to optimal depletion. For 2018 the focus will be on: 1. Techniques for the data assimilation of these models, considering 4D seismic data, tracers and production data 2. High resolution modelling of fault and fracture related effects observed in 4D seismic data using Intersect and Visage DELIVERABLES 2018 Methodology for scenario screening / history matching that includes faults and fractures extracted from seismic data. For compacting reservoirs, the stress changes caused by injection and production must be understood to improve oil recovery. A methodology will be developed to use the assimilated models for safer well placement, better well performance and improved well integrity, considering dynamic stress changes in the reservoir and the surrounding rock. PLANS 2018 Coupled fluid flow/geomechanical models are used to predict volumetric sweep efficiency under the influence of injection and production induced stress changes. This project delivers to: Monitoring tools, history matching and Economic potential and environmental impact 56

57 work plan Elastic full-waveform inversion (PhD project) Duration: January 2017 January 2020 Project manager: Karen Synnøve Ohm PhD student: Karen Synnøve Ohm Key personnel: Wiktor Weibull (UiS) Theme: 2 Task: 7 Budget 2018: NOK This project aims to improve the interpretation of seismic data through full-waveform inversion. The methodology proposed provides valuable information for both the exploration and production stages of the petroleum value chain. OBJECTIVE Accurate and well-resolved estimates of the subsurface parameters from seismic data are essential for both exploration, as well as increased recovery of oil and gas reserves. This is particularly true as exploration moves towards subtler traps in complicated geological environments. At the same time, the ability to detect small changes in elastic parameters due to fluid substitution can greatly aid the development of increased oil recovery strategies. Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a wellknown method for estimating subsurface parameters from seismic data. FWI can be used with single vintage seismic data to improve knowledge of the subsurface, or it can be used to estimate changes in subsurface parameters in a time-lapse fashion from 4D seismic data. This makes this technology well adapted for both the exploration and production stages of the petroleum value chain. Elastic FWI can be used to estimate both P-wave and S-wave impedances or their changes over time from multicomponent seismic data. There are still major challenges in applying FWI to field scale datasets. One problem is related to the high cost of the method. Another well-known problem is the non-uniqueness of the problem. In terms of 4D seismic data, the major challenges are to reduce the artefacts introduced by repeatability errors and to include high enough frequencies in the inversion. Any attempt to use FWI must therefore tackle these challenges. objectives: (1) To develop and test statistical methods of inference and to compare these with deterministic methods; (2) To use elastic FWI to estimate changes in elastic properties due to production from multicomponent seismic data acquired in permanent reservoir monitoring installations (PRMs). These estimated time-lapse changes will be compared with conventional approaches based on time-shift and time-strain measurements. KNOWLEDGE GAPS The ability of elastic FWI to replace conventional methods used to estimate 4D changes from seismic data has not yet been proven. This project will be an attempt to breach this gap. PLANS 2018 The focus in 2018 will be to: Start implementing the method and start testing on synthetic 2D and 3D datasets DELIVERABLES 2018 The results from the reference tests will lead to: Submission of abstracts to workshops and/or conferences and presentation of articles. In addition to developing strategies to tackle the above mentioned problems, we have also set the following key This project delivers to: Monitoring tools and history matching; Field performance, Full field prediction; and Economic potential and environmental impact 57

58 Budget

59 work plan 2018 Budgets for planned projects 2018 (all figures in 1000) PROJECT NAME DOUCS - Deliverable Of and Unbeatable Core Scale Simulator Core plug preparation procedures Wettability estimation by oil adsorption (PhD project) Samuel Erzuah Application of metallic nanoparticles for enhanced heavy oil recovery (PhD project) Kun Guo Effect of wetting property on the mechanical strength of chalk at hydrostatic, and in-situ stress and temperature conditions (PhD project) Jaspreet Singh Sachdeva Thermal properties of reservoir rocks, role of pore fluids, minerals and diagenesis. A comparative study of sandstone, shale and chalk (PhD project) Tijana Voake Flow of non-newtonian fluids in porous media (PhD project) Irene Ringen Integrated EOR for heterogeneous reservoirs (Phase 2) Permeability and stress state (PhD project) Emanuela Iedidia Kallesten Micro- and nano-analytical methods for EOR (PhD project) Mona Wetrhus Minde PhD NN (supervisor Aksel Hiorth) Pore scale simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore scale Micro-scale simulation of viscoelastic polymer solutions Description of the rheological properties of complex fluids based on the kinetic theory (Post doc project) IORSim development project Environmental fate and effect of EOR-polymers (PhD project) Eystein Opsahl Lab scale Polymer Test in porous media Supporting Halliburton s Large Scale Polymer Shear Test phase II Smart Water for EOR by Membranes (PhD project) Remya Nair Polymer rheology at micro- and Darcy scale (PhD project) Siv Marie Åsen Development and testing of nanoparticles as tailor-made tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods Development of water/oil partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region (PhD project) Mario Silva Adding more physics, chemistry and geological realism into the reservoir simulator Advanced numerical methods for compositional flow applied to field scale reservoir models (PhD project) Anna Kvashchuk CO2 Foam EOR Field Pilots (PhD project) Mohan Sharma Production optimization Statistical Technique in Reducing Negative Connotation of Ensemble Based Optimization and its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (PhD project) Yiteng Zhang Data assimilation using 4D seismic data Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs D seismic and tracer data for coupled geomechanical/reservoir flow models Elastic full-waveform inversion (PhD project) Karen Synnøve Ohm Management Management tasks IRIS International in-kind 350 TOTAL PROJECT BUDGET

60 the national ior centre of norway Projects UiS PROJECT NAME T1: PhD Kun Guo 356 T1: PhD Jaspreet Sing Sachdeva 711 T1: PhD Samuel Erzuah 889 T1: PhD Irene Ringen T1: Post doc Bergit Brattekås 756 T1: PhD Tijana Voake 889 T1: PhD Emanuela Iedidia Kallesten T2: PhD Mona Wetrhus Minde 756 T2: PhD NN (supervisor Aksel Hiorth) T3: Post doc Dimitry Shogin 534 T4: PhD Eystein Opsahl 445 T4: PhD Siv Marie Åsen T4: PhD Mohan Sharma 711 T4: PhD Remya Nair 356 T5: PhD Mario Silva (IFE) 267 T6: PhD Anna Kvasnchuk T6: Post doc Pål Østebø Andersen 800 T7: PhD Yiteng Zhang 711 T7: PhD Karen Synnøve Ohm Mgmt: UiS Management and administration Mgmt: Running expenses, travels, meetings 398 Mgmt: ONS Mgmt: IOR NORWAY 350 TOTAL BUDGET UIS Projects IRIS T1: Core Scale 350 T1: DOUCS Post doc (60 %) 700 T1: DOUCS Deliverable Of and Unbeatable Core Scale Simulator T1: Core plug preparation procedures 700 T2: Nano Scale 100 T3: Pore Scale 350 T3: Pore scale simulation of multiphase flow in an evolving pore scale 850 T3: Micro-scale simulation of viscoelastic polymer solutions 850 T4: Upscaling 350 T4: IORSim development project T4: Lab scale Polymer Test in porous media Supporting Halliburton s Large Scale Polymer Shear Test 890 T4: Lab scale Polymer Test in porous media Supporting Halliburton s Large Scale Polymer Shear Test T6: Reservoir simulation tools 350 T6: Adding more physics, chemistry, and geological realism into the reservoir simulator T6: Advanced numerical methods for compositional flow applied to field scale reservoir models (PhD project) 800 T7: Field scale evaluation and history matching 350 T7: Production optimization T7: Data assimilation using 4D seismic data T7: Interpretation of 4D seismic for compacting reservoirs 750 Mgmt: IRIS Management (Randi Valestrand and Aksel Hiorth) TOTAL BUDGET IRIS

61 work plan 2018 Projects IFE T4: IORSim development T5: Development and testing of nanoparticles as tailor- made tracers for improved reservoir description and for measurement of defined reservoir properties 550 T5: Single-Well Chemical Tracer Technology, SWCTT, for measurement of SOR and efficiency of EOR methods T5: Development of water/oil partitioning tracers for determination of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region (PhD project) 150 Mgmt: IFE Management (Sissel O. Viig) 200 TOTAL BUDGET IFE Projects others T4: IN-KIND HALLIBURTON T4: IN-KIND SCHLUMBERGER 500 T7: IN-KIND SCHLUMBERGER TOTAL IN-KIND T1: IN-KIND GEO 100 T2: IN-KIND ISEI 100 T6: IN-KIND DTU 150 TOTAL IN-KIND GEO/ISEI/DTU T7: TNO 100 TOTAL BUDGET TNO FUNDING 2018 PRELIMINARY UIS NFR Partners (incl 2 mill DEA 2017) IN-KIND HALLIB/SCHLUMB IN-KIND INTERNATIONAL 350 Total funding UIS IRIS IFE HALLIB/SCHLUMB GEO/ISEI/DTU 350 TNO 100 Total committed budget Remaining funds not allocated Budget 2018 (all figures in 1000) Description UiS IRIS IFE Schlumb/ Hallib GEO/ ISEI/ DTU others Task 1: Core Scale Task 2: Mineral fluid reactions at nano/submicron scale TNO Total Task 3: Pore scale Task 4: Upscaling and environmental impact Task 5: Tracer technology Task 6: Reservoir simulation tools Task 7: Field scale evaluation and history matching IOR Management Total budget

62 the national ior centre of norway IOR NORWAY 2018 «Smart Solutions for Future IOR» The National IOR Centre of Norway is well known for its annual conference, IOR NORWAY. The 2018 conference takes place April, in Tjodhallen at the University of Stavanger. The topic for this year s conference was decided after a competition held by the Centre s PhDs and postdocs. Postdoc Pål Østebø Andersen won with the suggestion «Smart Solutions for Future IOR», and was awarded with a gift card from the university cafeteria. Save the date! Complete agenda and work shop topics are found at Dates: April 2018 Venue: University of Stavanger Icebreaker reception: 23 April Conference: April Conference dinner: 24 April Expected attendees: Important dates: Registration opens: 22 December 2017 Registration Deadline: 13 April 2018 For more information, please visit: 62

63 work plan 2018 The Research Partners: The User Partners: ConocoPhillips