AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PURIFICATION OF WATER USING NATURAL ADSORBENTS

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Edward Owen
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1 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PURIFICATION OF WATER USING NATURAL ADSORBENTS Dr. A.S.Kanagalakshmi (1) (Professor) Panimalar Engineering College Chennai, India R.Jayanthi (3) Panimalar Engineering College,Chennai, India V.T.Anubharathi (2) (Student) Panimalar Engineering College Chennai, India Abstract-- Natural filter comprising of bamboo,gravel,pebble,and other locally available natural adsorbents is a great alternative to carry out water purification.it makes this filter unique is the use of bamboo charcoal which is not commonly used in any filter designed for domestic purposes. The use of bamboo charcoal for water filtration goes back to ancient China and Japan and it was said to sweeten the water for tea, but in terms of chemistry, bamboo charcoal is an outcome of pyrolyzing bamboo and is found to be a sort of porous material with excellent adsorption, electromagneticshielding, and infrared emitting capacity.it is used as the most important resource efficiently and to provide cheap and natural purified water. Keywords-- Bamboo charcoal; Pebbles; Pots; Filter cloth. I. INTRODUCTION Approximately 80% of all illnesses in developing countries are caused by poor water and sanitation condition. India has 16% of the world s population and 4% of its fresh water resources. Around 37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases annually, 1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhea alone and 73 million working days are lost due to waterborne disease each year. The resulting economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year,providing safe drinking water to all in rural India is a challenging task. The user should be made aware ofthe importance of preventing contamination of water and user s accountability should also realize their individual responsibility in maintaining the quality of water. This project of water purification using bamboo charcoal can be affordable for all class people and it have some advantages over the most preferable water purifiers. According to the economic condition it is not possible for the poor people to install the modern purifiers in their homes. The project shall fulfill the better substitution for the essential need. II. BAMBOO EFFICIENCY AND PROPERITIES Bamboo charcoal s chemical composition and physical structure both contribute heavily to its strength as a water filter. It is 85-98% carbon, the same substance used in most modern filtration methods. Its structure is very porous, so it can absorb and retain impurities easily. Bamboo charcoals is rich in a number of minerals including calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium.as it filters water, its minerals are dissolved and it enriches the water. Unlike modern carbon filters, bamboo charcoal has the added benefit of a built in team of microbes working to decompose toxic substances like tri-halo methane and chlorine.these harmless microbes can flourish in bamboo charcoal, despite its inherent antibacterial effects, which are uniqueto bambooand are referred to as bamboo Kun. Bamboo Kun is an anti bacterial and anti- fungal bio-agent thatnaturally bonds to bamboo cellulose without killing its beneficial microbes.thus water is naturally cleared of toxic substances, bacteria and fungi. Bamboo charcoal releases a type of electromagnetic wave called Far infrared waves (FIR), at a ISSN : Page 27

wavelengths ranging from 4 to 16 micrometers. It is absorbed by all organic material. The human body absorbs its entire range and can absorb up to 50 micrometers ion wavelength.

2 wavelengths ranging from 4 to 16 micrometers. It is absorbed by all organic material. The human body absorbs its entire range and can absorb up to 50 micrometers ion wavelength. The rays produce a warming effect on the body, similar to the rays of the sun, and can improve circulation substantially. We don t get this effect from the water but from the presence of the charcoal itself. III. CLAY POT Clay is porous. In the same way, a clay pot is also porous. When we Store water in a clay pot, the evaporation happens. This process causes cooling as water particles gain energy in the form of heat, then change to gas and get mixed with air. Clay pot has small holes visible at the microscopic level through which water seeps out and gains energy to become gas and gets evaporated causing cooling.another benefit of clay pot is the alkaline nature of clay. The alkaline clay interacts with the acidity of water and provides the proper ph balance.this water can help curb acidity and in turn provides relief from gastronomic pains. Drinking the right amount of water plastic that cling onto the water molecules and pose a health hazard. Alternatively, drinking water in clay pot can help improve metabolism without dangerous chemicals like BPA added to the fray. So that scientists claim that storing water in a clay water pot is the best way. The quality of a clay pot is unique and no other container has the same quality. V. PURIFICATION PROCESS The process done with a filter having length of the filter (three layers) is 51 cm and the Water can be filtered at the speed of m/s.wastage estimated as 0.2 liter for first 5 liters and it will reduce after that. VI. TEST TO BE CARRIED OUT Physical analysis Chemical analysis Bacteriological analysis VII. PHYSICAL ANALYSIS ph test Turbidity test Temperature test Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total Dissolved solids VIII. TEMPERATURE Temparature is measured by thermometer. IX. TOTAL SOLIDS, TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS, TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS: IV. METHODOLOGY The flow chart which describes the whole process of water purification. ISSN : Page 28

RESULT = No. of Water sample for testing ( Chembarampakkam) B. COD TEST C.

3 A. TOTAL SOLIDS Colony Count Test A. BOD TEST X. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Number of colonies (CFUs) bacteria/ml dilution x amount plated XI. RESULT = No. of Water sample for testing ( Chembarampakkam) B. COD TEST C. BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Indian standards for drinking water (IS 10500: 2012): ISSN : Page 29

XII. ADVANTAGE OF NATURAL ADSORBENT PURIFIER It is Very cheap method of purification It is Simple method There is no need electricity Bamboo charcoal s efficiency Clay pot s effectiveness It has less

Internationally, an income of less than $1.90 per day per head of purchasing power parity is defined as extreme poverty. By this estimate, about 32.7% of Indians are extremely poor.

4 XII. ADVANTAGE OF NATURAL ADSORBENT PURIFIER It is Very cheap method of purification It is Simple method There is no need electricity Bamboo charcoal s efficiency Clay pot s effectiveness It has less wastage Less time consumption Better taste and smell in water XIII. CONCLUSION Filtered water quality parameters The result analysis between the water samples, clearly shows the filter s efficiency. Internationally, an income of less than $1.90 per day per head of purchasing power parity is defined as extreme poverty. By this estimate, about 32.7% of Indians are extremely poor.according to this report, that is too tough to afford modern purifiers in each and everyhome. This low cost and very efficient method of water purifying can be the remedy. References [1] Amuda, S; Ibrahim, AO; (2006). Industrial wastewater treatment using natural material as adsorbent.african Journal of Biotechnology. 5 (16), [2]Baker, CD; Clark, EW; Jerserning, WV; Heuther.CH; (1973). Removal of dissolved Organic compounds from Industrial wastewater. Journal of Chemical Engineering Program, 6 (69), [3]Hameed, BH; Din, AT.M ; Ahmad, AL; (2007). Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo- based activated carbon : kinetics and equilibrium studies. Journal of hazardous materials 141, (3), ;. [4] Ibaraj S; Sulochana N; (2002). Effects of Agitation time and Adsorbent dosage on the Adsorption of dyes Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 9, [5] Larkman D. (1973). Physical/Chemical Treatment of wastewater Journal of Chemical Engineering 6, ISSN : Page 30

5 [6] Metcalf and Eddy (2003). Wastewater engineering, treatment and Re-use. John Wiley 6th Ed [7] Mohammed, A; Nesaratnam, S; Mohammed, H. (2005).Preparation of phosphoric acid-activated carbon using palm date pits: physio-chemcial and adsorptive properties Journal of Chemical Technology. Available: [1st August 2008] [8] Okafor, JO; Aneke, NAG; (2006). Characterization of Adsorbents for the purification of coca-cola effluent.proceedings of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers, 31st Annual Conference ISSN : Page 31

KNOWLEDGE EXPANDER WATER Shell Global Solutions International B.V.

KNOWLEDGE EXPANDER WATER Shell Global Solutions International B.V. KNOWLEDGE EXPANDER WATER WHY IS WATER AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH? Water can be found in the bodies of all living things. Water is used as a solvent and transport mechanism in respiration