MANAGING CHEMICAL RISK: MODELS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT AND INAIL TRAINING AND INFORMATION ACTIVITIES

Transcription

1 MANAGING CHEMICAL RISK: MODELS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT AND INAIL TRAINING AND INFORMATION ACTIVITIES M. Rosaria Fizzano, Piera La Pegna, Elisabetta Barbassa, Alessandro Carella, Giorgio Papa INAIL Advisory Department For Risks Assessment And Prevention

2 What INAIL is. Chemical professional exposure and tools to extimate it. INAIL activities to spread health and safety culture diffusion.

3 INAIL National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at work is a public non-profit entity that manages workers insurance against damages due to work related accidents and occupational diseases. In Italy employers hiring subordinate workers in the activities that the law defines as risky, are obliged to insure them.

4 Inail s objectives: protecting workers performing hazardous jobs facilitating the return to work of people injured at workplace reducing injuries Inail s activities: medical services and financial assistance initiatives for rehabilitation and reintegration of people injured at workplace to social life and work discounts and incentives in order to help to reduce workplace accidents and occupational diseases

5 Since 2010 Inail took over the functions of Ispesl (Higher Institute for Prevention and Occupational Safety): prevention and scientific research; certification and inspection.

6 ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE In regard to professional diseases, an important step of insurance process is assessing professional exposure in the past. This step is difficult: many factors affect the exposure; not all information is known.

7 ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE Is it possible to use a generic and userfriendly approach for chemical risk assessment related to past situations? We have examined the following tools: ECETOC TRA WorkerTool 3.0 (tier 1) Stoffenmanager (between tier 1 and tier 2) Advanced Reach Tool - ART (tier 2)

8 ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE The ECETOC Targeted Risk Assessment (TRA) tool was launched in 2004 and updated in April 2012 (version 3); It consists of 3 separate models for estimating exposures to: workers, consumers and the environment that arise during a series of events ( exposure scenarios ).

9 Principle elements of TRAv3 worker inhalation exposure prediction From ECETOC technical report n. 114

10 Principle elements of TRAv3 worker inhalation exposure prediction The most important data: Very low: 0.01 Pa Low: <500Pa Medium: Pa Hight: >10.000Pa

11 Principle elements of TRAv3 worker inhalation exposure prediction OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS Circumstances of use: 25 PROC Activity duration: * >4h * 1-4h * 15min. 1h * <15 min. Concentration in preparation: 100% >25% 5-25% 1-5% <1%

12 Principle elements of TRAv3 worker dermal exposure prediction From ECETOC technical report n. 114

13 ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE STOFFENMANAGER is accepted by the Dutch Labour Inspectorate as quantitative exposure model to evaluate exposure to chemicals at the workplace; it is evaluated by about 1000 measures of inhalation exposure. 2 different versions: control banding of chemical risks; quantitative exposure assessment.

14 Stoffenmanager overview From: Hans Marquart et al., Ann Occup. Hyg. 2008; 52; 429

15 Data input 1. General data: Name of the product Whether the substance is a solid or a liquid Publication date of the SDS 2. Riskdata [according to the SDS] Risk and safety phrases (phrases R, S or H, P) Composition of the product, according to the SDS (CAS number and concentration) Dustiness (for a solid), vapor pressure (for a liquid) 3. Workplace [according to the SDS] Hazard categories Personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation needed

16 ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ADVANCED REACH TOOL (ART)

17 ART ART is a mechanistic model for the estimation of inhalation exposure, based on an source-receptor approach. The emission source is a function of physic-chemical properties of the substance(substance emission potential) and of the potential activity to generate exposure (emission potential activities). The framework describes the transport of a contaminant from the source to the receptor (worker) by defining some independent modifying factors.

18 Modifying factor (MF) Substance emission potential (E) Activity emission potential (H) RPE Description It is the substance intrinsic potential emission (e.g. dustiness for particulate agents and volatility for liquids). Describes the potential of the activity to generate exposure; it s determined by the following characteristics: type and amount of energy transfer, scale (e.g. amount product used) and product-to-air interface (e.g. level of containment). Respiratory Protective Equipment.

19 Modifying factor (MF) Localized controls (LC) Dispersion (dilution) Segregation Separation Surface contamination and fugitive emissions Description Control measures in close proximity of the source (e.g. local exhaust ventilation, wet suppression techniques). Natural and mechanical ventilation characteristics, determining the contaminants dilution. Isolation of sources from the work environment without containment of the source itself. Personal enclosure (e.g. air conditioned cabin). Emission related to contaminants on surrounding surfaces (including worker clothing) due to natural means or general workplace activities (e.g. moving equipment/ vehicles) and unintended and unpredictable leaks from process equipment.

20 ART Is a well structured and easy to use web-tool; Is applicable for exposure to dust, vapor and mist (not for fibers, gases, fumes); the tool doesn t predicts dermal exposures; Takes into account several operational conditions and risk management measures throughout the whole exposure pathway from source to worker; Includes effects of determinants based on a combination of published effects and expert judgment; Is calibrated with extensive measured data; Provides the choice of several percentiles of the resulting exposure distribution; Provides an indication of the uncertainty of the mechanistic model result; Gives the possibility to estimate exposure during a number of consecutive activities.

21 ART Advanced Reach Tool (ART) combines mechanistic model results with measured data in a Bayesian statistical process to update the estimates with the user s own. This combination of model estimates and data produces more refined estimates of exposure and reduced uncertainty. In the ART version1.5 is possible: - uploading own data for the scenario - search ART database (>100 scenarios and ~2,000 measurements) for analogous scenarios

22 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE IN FIBERGLASS BOATS CONSTRUCTION The outputs of previous model have been compared with data collected in several surveys. Production of fiberglass boats.

23 Building the model Construction of the mold The open mold is first coated with a polyester resin known as a gel coat More layers of fiberglass mats with resin are applied by hand ( laminations ) Assembly the boat Finishing the boat Layout of the craft THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

24 LAMINATION During the lamination, a resin, containing free styrene (25-50%), is applied with a roller or a brush on sheets of glass fiber.

25 STYRENE CAS Regulation (EC) N. 1272/2008 Flammable liquids (category 3*) - H226 Acute toxicity (category 4), inhalation - H332 Skin irritation (category 2) - H315 Eye irritation (category 2) - H319 Reproductive toxicity (category 2) - H361d STOT repeated exposure (category 1) - H372 * minimum classification Danger

26 INPUT DATA Production of fiberglass boats.

27 INPUT DATA Production of fiberglass boats.

28 OUTPUT DATA Production of fiberglass boats. * Carletti et al, Giornale degli igienisti industriali vol. 32, n.1, 2007

29 ART appears to provide a better estimate of occupational exposure than the other models. Anyway, it must be considered that ART, being a tier-2, requires a greater number of input data compared to tier-1 tools and an accurate description of workplace conditions is difficult to find, especially with past situations. The project is considered as an ongoing process so the analyses will be expanded to other cases in the near time.

30 INFORMATION AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES Inail, consistently with the previsions of italian law (DLgs 81/2008), promotes the dissemination of a prevention culture through projects aimed at informing and training workers, employers, technical staff, etc. on health and safety at workplace.

31 INFORMATION AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES In regard to chemicals, Inail is implementing an awareness campaign for a conscious application of EU legislation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), on the Classification, Labeling and Packaging (CLP) and on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

32 INFORMATION AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES In particular: Web pages addressed to great public Teaching materials for workers training Training initiatives

33 WEB Knowing the risk -Biological agents -Carcinogens agents -Chemical agents -ATEX -Physical agents -Ergonomics -Nanotechnologies -Dust and fibers -Electrical risk

34 -CHEMICAL AGENTS -Dangerous chemical agents and their proprieties -Risk Assessment -Prevention and protection measures -CLP -REACH

35 EDITORIAL PRODUCTS TWO EDITORIAL PRODUCTS on REACH, CLP, SDS used for the training of workers Dangerous chemical agents: instruction for workers Dangerous substances: instruction for the use

36 DANGEROUS CHEMICAL AGENTS: INSTRUCTION FOR WORKERS RISK REACH CLP ATTACHMENT Training course

37 DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES: INSTRUCTION FOR THE USE

38 TRAINING COURSES Workers Metal productive sector Rubber and plastic Wood

39 INFORMATION AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES Information and training activities Inail is often part of national or regional projects in order to increase knowledge of risk and prevention at workplace. An example is impresa sicura safe enterprice.

40 A web site 3 levels: 1 - general 2 - identifing risk 3 - protection and prevention measures

41 Production of fiberglass boats.

42 THANKS FOR ATTENTION MANAGING CHEMICAL RISK: MODELS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT AND INAIL TRAINING AND INFORMATION ACTIVITIES M. Rosaria Fizzano, Piera La Pegna, Elisabetta Barbassa, Alessandro Carella, Giorgio Papa