(2010) Analysis of Options to Move beyond 20% Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions and Assessing the Risk of Carbon Leakage,

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1 Documents Abdul Quader, M. a, Ahmed, S. b, Dawal, S.Z. a, Nukman, Y. c Present needs, recent progress and future trends of energy-efficient Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Steelmaking (ULCOS) program (2016) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, pp DOI: /j.rser a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia b Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Dhaka, Bangladesh c Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, University of Malaya, Faculty of Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract The iron and steel industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector, consuming 5% of the world's total energy consumption and producing 6% of the total world anthropogenic CO2 emission. Under the European Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking (ULCOS) program, several breakthrough technologies for the drastic reduction of CO2 emissions from iron and steelmaking industry have been investigated, including (1) blast furnace with top-gas recycling (TGR-BF), (2) a new smelting reduction process (HIsarna), (3) advanced direct reduction (ULCORED) and (4) electrolysis of iron ore (ULCOWIN and ULCOLYSIS). Besides, hydrogen-based steel making and the use of biomass as reducing agent have been evaluated as supporting technology to decrease CO2 emissions. The aim of the present article is to analyze the technological developments in iron and steel industry and the progress of present experimental works developed inside the ULCOS I and II projects by collating updated information from a wide range of sources. In addition, the breakthrough technologies expected to develop or are currently being demonstrated at pilot/industrial scale for significant reduction of CO2 emissions in Europe have been identified in this paper. Economic and environmental performance of the ULCOS cutting edge technologies shows that the implementation of CCS technology in coal-based integrated steel plants might reduce 80% of CO2 emissions. However, hydrogen and biomass-based steelmaking also offers very attractive perspectives, while raising lots of major challenges. Finally, comparative assessment of the ULCOS program with others CO2 breakthrough programs around the world has also been done Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Author Keywords Carbon capture and storage (CCS); CO2 breakthrough technology; CO2 emission; Iron and steel industry; ULCOS Index Keywords Blast furnaces, Carbon capture, Carbon dioxide, Emission control, Energy efficiency, Energy utilization, Environmental management, Environmental technology, Gas emissions, Iron, Iron ore reduction, Iron ores, Ore reduction, Smelting, Steelmaking; Breakthrough technology, Comparative assessment, Cutting edge technology, Economic and environmental performance, Steel-making industries, Technological development, Total energy consumption, ULCOS; Iron and steel industry References Suopajärvi, H., Pongrácz, E., Fabritius, T. Bioreducer use in Finnish blast furnace ironmaking-analysis of CO₂ emission reduction potential and mitigation cost (2014) Appl Energy, 124, pp (2010) Analysis of Options to Move beyond 20% Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions and Assessing the Risk of Carbon Leakage, 1/10

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