Current Status of Radioactive Waste Management in Thailand

Transcription

1 Regional Meeting on the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety ofradioactive Waste Management, 5-8 Nov 2013, Gyeong-Ju, Republic of Korea Current Status of Radioactive Waste Management in Thailand Nanthavan Ya-anant Radioactive Waste Management Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) Pisit Suntarapai Bureau of Radiation Safety Regulation Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)

2 CONTENT 1. Introduction 2. Policies and Practices 3. Inventories and Lists 4. Disused Sealed Source 5. Legislative and Regulatory System

3 1. Introduction Ministry of Science and Technology Since 2006 Thai AEC 17 sub-committee Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) Performing R&D, utilization of nuclear technology Radioactive Waste Management Center (RWMC) RW Processing and Storage Facilities Making Regulations, inspection, licensing Bureau of Radiation Safety Regulation Research Reactor Center - Spent Fuel Management Bureau of Nuclear Safety Regulation 3

4 The Utilization of Nuclear Technology in Thailand MEDICINE Clinical Therapy, Radiotherapy Radiation sources INDUSTRY Process and Plant Control, Quality Control Non-Destructive Testing Radiation sources X-ray devices Accelerators R& D Universities Research centers Research reactor Radioisotopes Other Consumer products Smoke detectors, Lightening preventors Radioactive materials SRS RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS 60 Co, 99 Mo, 99m Tc, 137 Cs, 226 Ra, 241 Am, Am/Be, 131 I, 90 Sr, 85 Kr,, 55 Fe, 109 Cd, 63 Ni, 225 Cf, etc.

5 Utilization of Thai Research Reactor TRR-1/M1 Gems Coloration HRD Neutron Activation Analysis Research & Development Isotope production Neutron radiography Public Relations

6 Number of Licensee of Nuclear Utilization Number of Radioactive Materials Users (OAP, March 2013) Radioactive Sources User (Licensee) Medicine 144 (15%) Industry 392 ( 40%) Research & Education 305 (30%) Others (smoke detector, lightning preventer) 144 (15%) Number of Radiation Generator/Nuclear Facility Users Medical X-ray devices 8500 Industrial and Security X-ray devices 1500 Medical Electron accelerators (LINAC) 35 Custom Electron accelerators 10 PET cyclotron (medical) 4 Synchrotron (R&D) 1 Neutron Generator (education) 1 Electron beam (education) 1 Electron beam (industrial irradiator) 1 Nuclear research reactor 1

7 2. Policies and Practices Radioactive Waste Management and Spent Fuel Management Policies At present Thailand has no national policies on RWM and SNF, No act on RWM and Spent Fuel Management. However, Ministerial Regulation on Rules and Procedures on RWM (2003) is provided, Article 7, Licensee (User) shall response to their radioactive waste Article 8, Licensee (User) shall prepare their radioactive waste and send to Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) for further management*. Article 10, (3) DSRS shall be return to their origin. Remarks: *: RW and DSRS will be transferred to and Managed by Radioactive Waste Management Center(RWMC), TINT

8 2.1 Radioactive Waste Management Practices RWMC is an organization responsible to manage Radioactive Waste Management in Thailand Responsibilities cover on collection, transportation, segregation, treatment, conditioning and storage Low level solid wastes are treated by incineration and compaction. Low level aqueous wastes are treated by chemical flocculation-precipitation, and ion-exchange method. The treated wastes are solidified by cementation in 200 liter-drums. The disused sealed sources are conditioned by several technologies, such as cementation, encapsulation, and over-packages. Waste forms and waste packages are stored in the National Storage Facilities at TINT, in Bangkok and Klong 5 District, Pathumthani Province

9 2.2 Spent Fuel Management Practices TINT has been managing a research reactor facility Current status of Thai Research Reactor(TRR-1/M1) Place/Site Maker Type Recent Power First Criticality Status Bangkok GA 1.2 MW 1964 in operation

10 Spent Fuel from Thai Research Reactor has been return back to Origin (USA) in 1999

11 Current status of TRR-1/M1 fuel small section pool large section pool Locations of fuel racks

12 Current status of TRR-1/M1 fuel Approximately 160+ fuel elements in total 107 fuel elements used in the current core with 4 control rods All fuel elements are kept in underwater fuel racks in reactor pool (large section pool) Each rack can store up to 20 fuel elements Transfer of fuel element in pool by fuel handling tool Transfer of fuel element out of pool by transfer cask

13 3. Inventories and Lists 3.1 List of Spent Fuel Management Facilities Thailand has only one interim storage facility for spent fuel at Bangkok to serve the Thai Research Reactor (TRR1/M1) Wet-interim storage was applied in the research reactor s pool. 3.2 Inventory of Spent Fuel 4 items of Spent Fuels which are stored at a storage pool of TRR1/M1 awaiting for re-export to USA. 49 irradiated fuels are stored in the storage pool of TRR1/M1

14 Facilities Items Capacity Type of Waste Operational year Solid Waste Treatment 3.3 List of Radioactive Waste Management Facilities - Incinerator equipped with off gas cleaning system 15 kg/hr Burnable waste Compactor 40 ton Compactable waste 1993 Liquid Waste Treatment - Accelerator for chemical precipitation plant 5 m 3 Aqueous waste low salt content Incineration for organic liquid waste 20 kg/hr Organic liquid waste Ash, sludge 1995 Conditioning Interim Storage Transporters Laundry In Drum Cement Mixer - Storage facility no.1 - Storage facility no.2 -Storage facility no.3* - Storage facility no.4 (New) Truck no.1 Truck no.2 Washing machine Dryer 200 Liter 65 m 2 x 4.5 m 80 m 2 x 4.5 m 300 m 2 x 5 m 1050 m 2 x 7 m 3.5 Ton 5.5 Ton 20 kg 20 kg Treated Waste; - ashes, sludge Disused SRS Waste form in drums Waste form/ SRS packages Waste form/ SRS packages All kinds of waste All kinds of waste Contaminated clothes activity < 0.4 Bq/cm

15 Location & Facilities Pathumtani : RW Storage no.3 New Site, Ongkharak RW Storage No.4 New Incineration System Bangkok: RWM Center Office, Incineration system, Compaction System, Precipitation Plant Cementation Storage No

16 Solid Waste processing facility Incineration Facility at Bangkok Shreder 16

17 Solid Waste Processing Facilities Compaction Cementation 17

18 Liquid Waste Processing Facilities Filtering System Discharge Underground Tanks Retention Pool Aqueous Waste Treatment System Vienna November 2007: Overview of SAFRAN Tool 18

19 New Incineration System for Organic Liquid and solid waste at Ongkharak Site, Nakon Nayok Province.

20 Incineration System at Ongkharak Site Start Operation : April

21 Disused sealed sources are conditioned by several technologies, such as cementation, encapsulation, and over-packages and stored at Storage No.1 and No.3 Processed wastes in drums and DSRS in packages are stored in the storage no.2 in Bangkok and storage no.3 at Pathomthani province. Storage No.1 Storage No.2 Storage No.3 Disused SRS Storage Facilities Processed Waste in 200 L Drums

22 Construction of Storage No.4 at Ongkharak site, Nakonnayok Province

23 3.4 Inventory of Radioactive Wastes at RWMC, TINT, as Aug 2013 Waste Stream Radionuclides Average m 3 /year Main source Total accumulation in storage Solid LLW General solid NORM Scrap Metal Spent resin 125 I, 131 I, 99 Tc, 137 Cs 238 U, Th 226 Ra 137 Cs, 60 Co Activation products Corrosion products Fission products medical/ R& D processing monazite & xenotime Industry recycling Research Reactor Total 820 drums (200L) 7 m 3 4 m 3 6 m 3 Liquid LLW -Aqueous - Organic Disused SRS Medicine, Research Industry 3 H, 14 C, 35 S, 32 P 137 Cs, 125 I, 131 I, 99 Tc 3 H, 14 C 226 Ra, 60 Co, 85 Kr, 90 Sr 109 Cd, 137 Cs, 210 Po, 63 Ni, 241 Am, 241 Am /Be etc pieces per year Medical/ R& D Industry/ Medical/ R&D activities/ Consumer product None (treated and discharge) 12 m 3 16 drum-conditioned, 226 Ra needles 1 lead-container of conditioned 4 Ci Radium source 1 lead-container of conditioned 400 Ci 60 Co About 3000 piece unconditioned source including smoke detectors about 1000 pieces Tele-theraphy Co units, Total activity about 13200Ci

24 4.Disused Sealed Radioactive Source (DSRS) DSRS shall be re-exported to the origin country. If re-exporting is not possible, they shall be transferred and managed by RWMC, TINT. The disused sealed sources are conditioned by several technologies, such as cementation, encapsulation, and over-packages. Sealed High Activity Radioactive Sources ( SHARS)

25 CONDITIONING OF RADIUM-226 (ENCAPSULATION) 25

26 5. Legislative and Regulatory System Regulatory Organization in Thailand Thai Atomic Energy Commission(AEC) Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) 17 Sub-Commission Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) Bureau of Radiation Safety Regulation Bureau of Nuclear Safety Regulation Bureau of Regulation Supporting Non-regulatory groups

27 Regulatory Framework THAI ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 17 Sub -Committees 1. Emergency Preparedness 2. Database on Medical Application 3. Atomic for Peace Act Revision 4. Licensing Process Revision 5. National Policy and Strategic Plan 6. Industrial Application 7. Medical Application 8. Agricultural Application 9. Food Technology 10 Radiation Safety Officer Accredit 11 Weapon of Mass Destruction 12 CTBTO 13 Nuclear Fuel Safeguard 14 Radiotherapy 15 Licensing of Radioisotopes and Nuclear Materials 16 Licensing of Radiation Generating Machine 17 Nuclear Safety OFFICE OF ATOMS FOR PEACE (OAP) As Secretary of Thai AEC NO sub-committee on RWM and SFM

28 List of National Laws, Regulations and Guides n Atomic Energy for Peace Act B.E.2504 (1961) n Draft Nuclear Energy Act (?) is under processing n n n n n n n n n n Ministerial Regulation on Condition and Procedure Requirements for License of the Possession of Related Nuclear Materials, Radioactive Materials and Atomic Energy B.E.2550 (2007) Ministerial Regulation on Rules and Procedures of Radioactive Management B.E (2003) OAEP-1 Clearance Level of RW (Solid, Liquid and Gas) OAEP-2 Measure on Radiation Area OAEP-6 Measure on Safety of Radioactive material Nuclear material and X-ray Working Area OAEP-7 Measure on Installation of Radiation Generator OAEP-10 Measure on Transportation of radioactive materials and wastes OAEP-18 Radiation Safety Officer OAEP-20 Guides of RW Segregation, Collection, Container and Label OAEP-21 Guides of Temporary Storage for RW Generator

29 Current status : Development on Regulation 1 Nuclear Energy Act (year 201x) has been drafting since May 2012-present. Section 3 : article are the provision of radioactive waste management Section 5 : article are the provision of spent fuel management First-stage.. Drafted Atom for Peace Act is on the process of approval by the Office of the Council of State and the Group s delegation comprised of experts, lawyers, TINT and OAP representatives Rename the Drafted New Atomic Energy for Peace Act to Nuclear Energy Act in September Next step: Develop the ministerial(most) regulations and their guidelines.

30 Q & A Thank you