Brazilian Nuclear Program ERNW Daniel de Macedo Abrão

Transcription

1 Czech Technical University - CTU Brazilian Nuclear Program ERNW Daniel de Macedo Abrão Prague, Czech Republic May 2011

2 Index Brazilian Power Generation; History of Nuclear Power Generation in Brazil; Future Plans; Radioactive Waste Management in Brazil.

3 Brazilian Power Generation 100 Type MW % Hydraulic ,3 Conventional Thermal , Nuclear , Total Hydralic Conventional Thermal Nuclear

4 Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant

5 History of Nuclear Power Generation in Brazil; 1951 President Getulio Vargas created National Research Council (CNPq); Admiral Álvaro Alberto negotiate without success the acquisition of 3 ultracentrifuges; Creation of the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN); 1960 President Juscelino Kubitschek plans the construction of a Nuclear Power Plant; 1972 Signed the contract with Westinghouse for the construction of Angra 1;

6 History of Nuclear Power Generation in Brazil; 1975 Signed Germany-Brazil agreement; 1981 Initiated the Parallel Nuclear Program; 1985 Nuclear Power Plant Angra 1 operations began; 1987 National technology of uranium enrichment was announced; 2000 Nuclear Power Plant Angra 2 operations began;

7 Angra I and Angra II Brazilian Nuclear Submarine

8 2015 Angra 3; Future Plans Nuclear Power Plants. Construction of Angra 3 Nuclear Power Plant

9 Legal Responsibilities In 1989 CNEN (National Commission of Nuclear Energy ) became responsible for Nuclear Waste Management; In 2001 was established the rules for the siting, licensing, operation and regulation of radioactive waste facilities;

10 Waste Classification Categories I - Exempt Waste II - Low and Intermediate Level Waste Description Activity levels at or below clearence levels, which are based on an annual dose to members of the public of less than 0.01 msv. Activity levels above clearence levels and thermal power below about 2 kw/m3. II.1 - Short Lived Waste II.2 - Long Lived Waste III-High level Waste Restricted long lived radionuclide concentration (limitation of long lived alpha emitting radionuclides to 4000 Bq/g in individual waste packages and to an overall average of 400Bq/g (per waste package). Long lived radionuclide concentrations exceeding limitations for short lived waste. Thermal Power about 2kW/m3 and long-lived radionuclide concentrations exceeding limitations for short-lived waste.

11 Two Nuclear Power Plants; Nuclear Waste Producers in Brazil Two Uranium Mining and Milling Facilities; One Fuel Element Assembly Facility; Four Research Reactors; One Pilot Scale Fuel Cycle Facility, including a plant for the conversion of uranium to UF6, and another for uranium enrichment;

12 Nuclear Waste Producers in Brazil 3750 Medical, Industrial and Research Facilities; One Industrial Facility for Processing Monazite Sands; Petroleum Exploitation; Mining and Milling Activities with Uranium and Thorium Associated;

13 Collecting Radioactive Waste Thousands of spent sources were collected and stored at CNENs Institutes since Mainly Am-241/Ra-226 smoke detectors and lightning rods, Ra-226 tubes and needles, Co-60 and Cs-137 from industrial applications; CNEM Truck

14 Collecting Radioactive Waste - CNEN-NE-6.05-Waste Management The main aspects of the management program are: Registry of the waste and spent sources inventory; Waste generation minimization; Volume reduction; Cementation of sludge arising from the chemical treatment and immobilization of the non compactable solid waste in cement/bentonite matrix; Quality control of the final product.

15 Collecting Radioactive Waste Solid Waste Storage Building Liquid Waste Storage Building

16 Waste Treatment Facilities Compactation Equipment Cementation Plant

17 Low/intermediate level radioactive waste disposal Brazil doesn t have a final destination to Nuclear Waste produced by Angra 1 and Angra 2; They have a temporary repository; One option who is being taken into consideration is a near surface repository; Another options like deep repository, caves and boreholes are being studied as well.

18 Low/intermediate level radioactive waste disposal Angra 2 Pool Near Surface Repository

19 Thank you