H. S. Malviya Executive Engineer M. P. Pollution Control Board Bhopal

Transcription

1 H. S. Malviya Executive Engineer M. P. Pollution Control Board Bhopal

2 Topics to be covered Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement ) Rules 2008 Hazardous Wastes characteristics/ types Effects of Hazardous Wastes Basel Convention Mechanism of the Convention Obligations of parties Developments after the adoption of the Convention 2

3 Basel Convention-Overview The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal Adopted on 22 March 1989 By the Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Basel, Switzerland, In response to a public outcry following the discovery, in the 1980s, In Africa and other parts of the developing world of deposits of toxic wastes imported from abroad. 3

4 Basel Convention-Overview Increasing environmental awareness and corresponding tightening of environmental regulations in the industrialized world in the 1970s and 1980s led to increasing public resistance to the disposal of hazardous wastes NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) syndrome and to an escalation of disposal costs. This in turn led some operators to seek cheap disposal options for hazardous wastes in Eastern Europe and the developing world, where environmental awareness was much less developed and regulations and enforcement mechanisms were lacking. It was against this background that the Basel Convention was negotiated in the late 1980s, and its thrust at the time of its adoption was to combat the toxic trade, as it was termed. The Convention entered into force in

5 Basel Convention-Objective The overarching objective of the Basel Convention is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes. Its scope of application covers a wide range of wastes defined as hazardous wastes based on their origin and/or composition and their characteristics. 5

6 Basel Convention-Aims and provisions The provisions of the Convention center around the following principal aims: the reduction of hazardous waste generation and the promotion of environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes, wherever the place of disposal; the restriction of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes except where it is perceived to be in accordance with the principles of environmentally sound management; and a regulatory system applying to cases where transboundary movements are permissible. 6

7 Basel Convention- few important Articles Article 4 The first aim is to observe the fundamental principles of environmentally sound waste management. Hazardous wastes may not be exported to Antarctica, to a State not party to the Basel Convention, or to a party having banned the import of hazardous wastes. Article 11 Parties may, however, enter into bilateral or multilateral agreements provided that such agreements are no less environmentally sound than the Basel Convention. Articles 6 and 7 The movement may only proceed if and when all States concerned have given their written consent. Articles 13- The Basel Convention also provides for cooperation between parties, ranging from exchange of information on issues relevant to the implementation of the Convention to technical assistance, particularly to developing countries. 7

8 Recent developments Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Basel Convention, October 2011 Cartagena, Colombia Prevention, Minimization & Recovery of Wastes 8

9 Recent Developments Technical guidelines : COP10 adopted technical guidelines on the: ESM of used and waste pneumatic tyres ESM of mercury wastes Co-processing of hazardous waste in cement kilns 9

10 Recent Developments continue Technical guidelines : COP10 received an update on the development of: Draft technical guidelines on TBM of ewaste, in particular regarding the distinction between waste and non-waste (further work was mandated) Technical guidelines on the ESM of POPs waste Basel Document 10

11 Recent Developments continue Technical guidelines : COP10 received an update on the development of: Draft technical guidelines on TBM of e- waste, in particular regarding the distinction between waste and non-waste (further work was mandated) Technical guidelines on the ESM of POPs waste Basel Document 11

12 LIST OF HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS Annex III (Basel Convention) Part C - HW (M, H & TB) Rules-2008 Explosive, Flammables, spontaneous combustion, corrosive, Toxic etc LIST OF HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS The potential hazards posed by certain types of wastes are not yet fully documented; tests to define quantitatively these hazards do not exist. 12

13 Legal framework & Environmental concerns of India 13

14 India s Constitution First country to have constitutional provisions- The 42nd amendment of India s Constitution (1977) underscores the importance of "green thinking and following two articles were inserted: Article 48A "The state to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wild life in the country". Article 51A(g) "Fundamental duty of every citizen is to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures". 14

15 The Constitutional provisions- Supported by National Environment Policy Environment Protection Act Environment Protection Rules- Hazard wastes MSW E-waste BMW LAB Plastic etc 15

16 Environment (Protection) Act 1986 Central Government empowered - Sec 5 Power to give Direction. Sec-6 Rules to regulate environmental pollution. Sec-8 Person handling hazardous substance to comply with procedural safeguard. Sec-15 Penalty for contravention of the provisions of the act, Rules, orders & directions. Sec-25 Power to make rule. 16

17 H W M Rules & Amendments Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules (Notification dated 24 th September, 2008 S.O 2265 (E). Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Second Amendment Rules (Notification dated 23 rd September, 2009 SO 2447 (E) Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Third Amendment Rules (Notification dated 30 th March, 2010 SO 710 (E). Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Fourth Amendment Rules 2010 Notification S.O. 1996(E) of dated 13 th August (Metal scrap, paper waste & Other waste-part D) 17

18 Hazardous Waste Management Rules Chapter-I --Prelimnary, Rule-1-3 Chapter-II --Procedure for handling HW, Rule 4-7 Chapter-III --Procedure for R/R/R of HW, Rule 8-11 Chapter-IV--Import & Export of HW, Rule Chapter-V --TSDF for HW, Rule 18 Chapter VI -- Packaging, Labeling & Transportation of HW, Rule Chapter VII-- Miscellaneous, Rule

19 DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE Hazardous waste means any waste which by reason of any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or substances. Schedule I and Schedule II Class-A,B,C,D&E 19

20 CATEGORIZATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES Schedule I & II of the Act presents the Categories of Hazardous Waste (HW) based on manufacturing processes. * Each sub Category details the type of waste. Schedule I Category Manufacturing Process No. of Sub Cat.* 1 Petrochemical processes and pyrolytic operations 09 2 Drilling operation for oil and gas production 03 3 Cleaning, emptying and maintenance of petroleum oil storage tanks including ships 4 Petroleum refining/re-refining of used oil/recycling of waste oil 5 Industrial operations using mineral/synthetic oil as lubricant in hydraulic systems or other applications

21 Category Manufacturing Process No. of Sub Cat. 6 Secondary production and/or use of zinc 04 7 Primary production of zinc/lead/copper and other non-ferrous metals except aluminum 8 Secondary production of copper 03 9 Secondary production of lead Production and/or use of cadmium and arsenic and their compounds 11 Production of primary and secondary aluminum Metal surface treatment, such as etching, staining, polishing, galvanizing, cleaning, degreasing, plating, etc 13 Production of iron and steel including other ferrous alloys (electric furnaces; steel rolling and finishing mills; Coke oven and by product plant) 14 Hardening of steel Production of asbestos or asbestos-containing materials 03 21

22 Category Manufacturing Process No. of Sub Cat. 16 Production of caustic soda and chlorine Production of acids Production of nitrogenous and complex fertilizers Production of phenol Production and/or industrial use of solvents Production and/or industrial use of paints, pigments, lacquers, varnishes, plastics and inks 22 Production of plastic raw materials Production and/or industrial use of glues, cements, adhesive and resins 24 Production of canvas and textiles Industrial production and formulation of wood preservatives 26 Production or industrial use of synthetic dyes, dye-intermediates and pigments

23 Category Manufacturing Process No. of Sub Cat. 27 Production or industrial use of materials made with organo-silicone compounds 28 Production/formulation of drugs/ pharmaceuticals 29 Production, use and formulation of pesticides including stock-piles 30 Leather tanneries Electronic Industry Pulp & Paper Industry Disposal of barrels / containers used for handling of hazardous wastes / chemicals 34 Purification processes for air and water Purification process for organic compounds/solvents 36 Waste treatment processes, e.g. incineration, distillation, separation and concentration techniques Schedule I

24 Duties of SPCB Grant of Authorisation & Its renewal (As per Rule 5.4) Registration of Recyclers (As per Rule 8.2) Registration of Traders NOC for Transportation of Hazardous Waste for final disposal Monitoring of compliance of authorisation conditions Implementation of programmes to prevent/reduce /minimize the generation of hazardous waste 24

25 Responsibilities of occupier Obtain authorisation under rule 5(4) HW generated shall be sent or sold to registered R/R/R or authorized person under rule 4(2) or shall be disposed off in an authorised facility. Occupier generating HW specified in Sch-IV may sell it only to Registered recycler with SPCB. Utilisation of HW as a supplementary resource or for energy recovery or after processing shall be approved by CPCB. Storage of HW for not more than 90 days. 25

26 Procedure for Recycling, Reprocessing or Reuse of Hazardous Waste Rule-8 Procedure for Grant of registration Under this Rule there are two process involved Registration of Recyclers & Registration Of Traders 26

27 SCHEDULE - IV List of hazardous waste requiring Registration for Recycling/Reprocessing Not all waste to R/R/R requires EST s There are totally 20 types of waste identified under this schedule You can broadly classify the same to the following types 27

28 Categories of Hazardous waste For Recycling Used Oil & Waste Oil Non Ferrous Metal Wastes (including Zn, Cu,Ni,Cd,Pb and Spent catalyst etc ) Electronic Waste Paint & Ink Sludge 28

29 ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGY S SHOULD BE ADOPTED ONLY AFTER THE APPROVAL OF CPCB 29

30 Import & Export of Hazardous Wastes MoEF shall be nodal agency to deal with Trans Boundary Movement of HW. Import of HW for disposal in India is not permitted. Import only for Recycle/Re-process/Reuse No HW specified in Sch-VI shall be Imported or exported. 30

31 Pre-requsite for Imp/Exp of HW for R/R/R Part-A with prior informed consent from importing & exporting country, DGFT license, and written permission from Central Govt. Part-B shall not require prior informed consent of the country from where it is imported. Part-C HW waste with these characteristics shall require written permission of Central Govt 31

32 Procedure for Import & Export Industry to apply in Form-7 & Form-8 with prior informed consent simultaneously to MoEF & SPCB. The Port & Custom official shall ensure shipment accompanied by movement document in Form-9 and analysis report of lab accredited by exporting country. Same shall be the case for Part-D wastes, which are metal scrap, paper waste & other waste. 32

33 Packaging, Labeling & Transportation of HW Rule 19. HW to be packed & labeled based on composition in a manner suitable for safe handling, storage and transport as per CPCB guidelines. Rule20. Transportation in accordance to Motor Vehicle Act Occupier to provide transporter relevant information in Form-11 & to mark hazardous waste container as per Form-12. NOC to be issued transportation for final disposal. Incase of interstate transportation of hazardous waste the occupier shall inform the concerned SPCB before handing over the waste to transporter. 33

34 TSDF for Hazardous Waste State Govt, occupier, operator of a facility or any association of occupier shall be individually or jointly or severally be responsible to identify and for establishing a faciliy. SPCB shall monitor the development and operation of treatment & disposal facility. The operator of TSDF shall maintain records in Form-3 34

35 Applications Form-1 Application for Authorisation. Form-5 Application for Registration of recyclers. Form-7&8 Application for Import & Export of HW. Form-16 Application for Registration of Traders. 35

36 Time Limits Authorisation in 120 days Import/Export License in 60 days by Moef and SPCB to send recommendation letter in 30 days. Registration of Traders in 30 days. NOC for transportation time limit not specified 36

37 Calculation of Waste Generation Process assessment by CPCB Waste Generation Factor WGF Thumb rule after study waste/tonne of production 37

38 Waste Stream wise Quantification of Hazardous Wastes Product Waste Stream WGF (kg/tonne of product) Ethylene/Propylene Spent caustic from Caustic Tower 0.06 Oil Soaked Carbonaceous Coke Spent Palladium Catalyst Butadiene Butadiene Polymer Waste 0.06 Solvent regeneration residue 0.4 Benzene Spent Nickel Catalyst 0.03 Spent Nickel-Molybdenum Catalyst Spent Cobalt-Molybdenum Catalyst

39 Waste Stream wise Quantification of Hazardous Wastes Product Waste Stream WGF (kg/tonne of product) Xylene Spent clay 0.50 Vinyl Chloride Monomer Carbon Waste 0.02 EDC Bottom Viscous 4.0 Reactor Waste Polyvinyl Chloride PVC Wet resin 4.0 Ethylene Oxide/ Ethylene Glycol Spent Silver catalyst 0.08 Polythylene Polymeric waste 0.02 Extruder waste 2.4 Maleic anhydride Distillation bottoms 60 ETP sludge

40 Waste Stream Contd... Product Waste Stream WGF (kg/tonne of product) Phthalic Anhydride Vanadium pentoxide catalyst 167 Purge cut 24 Tar residue 12 Dimethyl Terephthalate Crude ester distillation residue 54 Linear Alkyl Benzene Calcium fluoride sludge 6.0 Spent alumina 0.32 Spent catalyst 0.04 Spent molecular sieve 0.35 Spent carbon 0.02 Oil soaked sand 0.8 Isopropyl Alcohol Spent copper catalyst 45.0 Acetone Distillation by product (Tarry waste)

41 Waste Stream Contd... Product Waste Stream WGF (kg/tonne of product) Polyprolylene Powder waste 4.0 Acrylonitrile Polymeric oil 1.0 Spent activated alumina Molecular sieve Spent activated carbon Polymerized cyanide with catalyst particles Ethyl Hexanol Spent zinc catalyst 0.53 Spent nickel catalyst 0.08 Cumene Cumene catalyst 0.3 Cumene bottoms 60 Phenol Solvent waste 5.0 Caprolactum Waste liquor-i 964 Waste liquor-ii 155 Bio sludge

42 Waste recycling/reuse processes Refining and reuse Co-processing Metals recovery Acid recovery Coincineration 42

43 Petrochemical Industry : Suggested Waste Recycling Options Product Waste Recycling Measures Ethylene/ Propylene Polymeric waste Refining and reuse Benzene Spent nickel catalyst Metal recovery Spent nickel-molybdenum catalyst Spent cobalt-molybdenum catalyst Metal recovery Metal recovery Polyvinyl chloride PVC wet resin Reuse for manufacturing useful items Isopropyl alcohol Spent copper catalyst Recovery of acid Acetone/Phenol Solvent waste Use as a fuel in the boiler Polypropylene Powder waste Melting, extrusion and conversion to low-grade articles Cumene Cumene catalyst Acid recovery Cumene bottoms Use as a fuel 43

44 Recycling Options Contd. Product Waste Recycling Measures Caprolactum Waste liquor Recovery of sodium salt Maleic anhydride Distillation bottoms Resin manufacture Phthalic anhydride Purge cut Use as a crude phthalic anhydride Tar residue Aggregate in road building Dimethyl terephthalate Spent catalyst Ester distillation residue Metal recovery Use as a fuel for incineration Acrylates Esterification residue Use as a fuel Polybutadiene rubber Waste polymer residue Manufacture of utility article Acrylic fibre Waste fibre Reuse in the process 44

45 Waste minimization Regeneration Increase Recoveries Change in raw material Change in technology 45

46 Suggested Waste Minimisation Options Product Waste Waste minimisation measures Benzene Spent nickel catalyst Regeneration Spent nickelmolybdenum catalyst Spent cobaltmolybdenum catalyst Regeneration Regeneration Xylene Spent clay Regeneration Vinyl Chloride monomer EDC bottom viscous Increase in yield of EDC Ethylene oxide/ ethylene gllycol Spent silver catalyst Regeneration Isopropyl alcohol Copper catalyst Regeneration Acrylonitrile Polymerized cyanide alongwith catalyst particles Use of more stabilized catalyst 46

47 Waste Minimisation Options Contd... Product Waste Waste minimisation measures Maleic anhydride Distillation bottoms Recovery of maleic anhydride Phthalic anhydride Spent catalyst Regeneration Acrylates Esterification residue Use of raw material of highest possible purity Polybutadiene rubber Reactor waste Proper mixing of reactants in the reactor and completion of reaction Acrylic fibre Reactor scaling waste Uniform mixing in the reactor Solidified solution waste Proper maintenance of tanks, pumps, valves etc. Spent cation exchange resin Regeneration 47

48 Overall waste generation scenario in State of MP 48

49 Hazardous Waste generation in State of Madhya Pradesh Saleable SLF , Incinerable, Reusable

50 No. of Industries R.O. wise industrial distribution in M.P Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior 150 Indore Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior Indore Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Regional Office Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain 50

51 Region wise distribution of industries in M.P. generating Hazardous Waste S.No. Regional Office Large/Medium Industries Small Scale Industries Total 1. Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior Indore Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain Grand Total

52 Total Hazardous Waste Generation in State of Madhya Pradesh Reusable waste -- 2,14, MT Incinerable -- 1, MT Saleable waste -- 1,56, MT Secured Landfillable waste -- 78, MT Total -- 4,50, MT 52

53 Hazardous Waste Disposal (in MT) SLF Reuse Incineration Sale 53

54 Hazardous Waste Generation as per Authorization (Quantity in MT/year) Regional Offices SLF Reuse Incineration Total Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior Jabalpur Indore Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjian Total

55 Region wise Hazardous Waste Generation in M.P. (in MT) Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior Indore Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain 55

56 Region wise Hazardous Waste Disposal through SLF (in MT) Bhopal Dhar 0 Guna Gwalior Indore 2.54 Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain 56

57 Region wise Hazardous Waste Disposal through Reuse (in MT) Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior 0.77 Indore Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain 57

58 Region wise Hazardous Waste Disposal through Incineration (in MT) 346 Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior Indore Jabalpur 0.18 Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain 58

59 Region wise Hazardous Waste Disposal through Sale (in MT) Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior Indore Jabalpur Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain 59

60 As per Form-4 Quantity (MT/year) Regional Offices SLF Reuse/ Incineration Total Bhopal Dhar Guna Gwalior Jabalpur Indore Rewa Sagar Satna Singrauli Shahdol Ujjain Total

61 ? THANKS 61