Recent developments in. fire safety solutions. Alex Zhang. Technical Service for AP Region Requirements, Challenges and Innovations May 2013

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1 Recent developments in flame retardants for sustainable fire safety solutions Alex Zhang Technical Service for AP Region Requirements, Challenges and Innovations May 2013

2 Agenda Great Lakes Solutions Overview Greener Innovation Strategies Emerald Innovation TM 3000 polymeric Flame Retardant

3 Global l specialty chemical company listed on the New York kstock Exchange ( CHMT ) Major markets served are energy & electronics, transportation, and agriculture Committed to global sustainability and engineering chemical solutions that meet our customers evolving needs More than 4,300 employees worldwide Manufactures in 31 countries and sells products in over 100 countries Global headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Regional headquarters and shared service centers in Sao Paulo, Brazil; Shanghai, h China; Middlebury, Connecticut; and Manchester, United Kingdom

4 Great Lakes Solutions, an Industry Leader INDUSTRIES SERVED KEY BUSINESS SES KEY G ROWTH DRIV VERS Flame Retardants Brominated Performance Products Mercury control Greener innovation Rapid growth in electronics Electrical & Electronics Fine Chemical/ Pharmaceutical Biocides Insulation & Furniture Energy: Oilfield & Mercury Control Automotive Tires Flame retarded energy efficient thermal insulation Increased global fire safety standards Fine Chem/ Pharma Auto Automotive Fumigation Energy Electrical & Electronics Fumigation Biocides Other Insulation & Furniture

5 The Sustainability Challenge for Flame Retardants In today s society, products are expected to be green But, what is green? Ideally, this includes: Total Carbon Footprint Recyclability Green Chemistry & Engineering Principles Chemical Hazard Classification and Risk Assessment 5

6 Factors Affecting Flame Retardant Selection Meet Fire Safety Standard Environment & Human Health Functional Requirements End of Life Aspects 6 Economic Feasibility

7 Greener Innovation How Do We Move Towards Environmentally Friendly, Sustainable FR Solutions? Chemtura is applying a Greener is Better philosophy... Polymeric FR is one of our Greener innovation direction

8 Toxicological and Regulatory Basis Exemptions for polymers exist in REACh, TSCA and most other New Substance Notification regulations around the world Under TSCA (40 CFR 723) details the polymer exemptions and exclusions and states that: - In order to cause an adverse health or ecological effect, a chemical must first be absorbed by an organism, and - Substance with a number average molecular weight above 1,000 g/mol are not readily absorbed through the intact digestive tract This derived from the Lipinski Rule of Is used in pharmacology to predict the biological activity of chemical compounds based on molecular weight and lipophilicity - Suggests that a poor permeation of cell membranes occurs at molecular weights over Lipinski, C.A.; Lombardo, F; Dominy, B.W. and Feeney, P.J. Adv Drug Del Rev 23: 3 25, 1997

9 DRAFT Assessments Classical BFRs 9 7/15/2013

10 DRAFT Assessments Polymeric BFRs 10 7/15/2013

11 DRAFT Assessments Phosphorus and Nitrogen FRs 11 7/15/2013

12 DRAFT Assessments Inorganic FRs 12 7/15/2013

13 Great Lakes Solutions Polymeric and Reactive Flame Retardant t Technologies og es Polymer Technology Products Polyamides Polycarbonate, PBT Polybromostyrene Brominated Oligomer Polybromostyrene Firemaster CP44 HF Firemaster PBS64 HW, PDBS 80 BC 52, BC 58, Firemaster CP44 HF Firemaster PBS64 HW, PDBS 80 Unsaturated Polyesters Reactive Intermediate PHT 4, BA 59P Polyurethane Polyolefins, HDPE, PP Styrenics, PS, HIPS, ABS Epoxy Reactive Intermediate Proprietary Polymeric Reactive Intermediates PHT 4 Diol, PHT 4 Diol LV, Firemaster 520 Emerald Innovation 1000 Emerald innovation 3000 BA 59P Emerald Innovation

14 Introducing Emerald Innovation Our Next Generation of Flame Retardant Products WhyEmerald Innovation? Why Emerald Innovation? Products are innovative, reliable and also minimize the impact on our environment and human health while maintaining superior performance and quality

15 Sustainable, Innovative, High Performance Polymeric Flame Retardant for Polystyrene Foams V 2.0

16 Overview of Regulatory Action on HBCD United Nations Protocols: UNEP, UNECE HBCD listing as POP under UNEP and UNECE expected dby end 2013, or early Time limited exemptions for use of HBCD in EPS and XPS are expected, up to 5 years. Exemptions will only be granted until alternatives are implemented. REACH August 2015 is the Sunset date for HBCD uses without an approved authorization. February 2014 is the deadline for applications for HBCD authorization. Authorization i decisions i by authorities i will depend on availability of an alternative. Environment Canada Published Draft HBCD Screen Assessment in August t2010. However, will follow UNEP and UNECE restrictions when implemented. METI action on HBCD pending results of an avian toxicity study Study completed and final report being compiled and translated. An unfavorable result could lead to a regulatory restriction as early as Q US EPA: Design for the Environment project Emerald Innovation TM 3000 one of only two alternatives to be assessed, and the only polymeric alternative. REACh timeline will likely govern phase out of HBCD

17 The Value of Emerald Innovation 3000 The polymeric structure of Emerald Innovation 3000 renders it not readily bioavailable *, thus addressing the environmental concerns that threaten the sustainability of many current products. Emerald Innovation 3000 is an efficient, sustainable replacement tfor HBCD requiring ii minimal i modification to current formulations or production processes. Applicable fire safety standards covering polystyrene foam insulation can be achieved with Emerald Innovation Synergists commonly used for EPS and XPS production are compatible with Emerald Innovation * Per criteria described in US Federal Register notice 40 CFR 723 Our strategy of greener innovation provides you with proven, sustainable alternatives V 2.0

18 Emerald Innovation 3000 Appearance Property CAS# Emerald Innovation 3000 white powder Bromine, % 64 Softening point, 0 C 120 5% wt loss, 0 C (Thermogravimetric Analysis (@ 10 0 C/min under N 2 ) C

19 Emerald Innovation 3000 Flammability Performance Compared to HBCD Emerald Innovation 3000 demonstrates comparable thermal stability and fire retardant efficiency versus HBCD at similar bromine levels V 2.0

20 Emerald Innovation 3000 demonstrates comparable fire safety performance versus HBCD at similar bromine levels V 2.0 Flammability Performance

21 Comparison to Partially Aliphatic Bromine Source Formulation % Br % Synergist JP JIS Fire Testing Swiss Fire Testing (5.1) HBCD 1.84 Pass Pass Emerald Innovation Pass NM FR Fail Fail FR Fail Fail FR Fail Fail FR Fail Fail FR Fail Fail FR Fail Fail NM= Not Measured Data provided by the Dow Chemical Company FR1 = Tetrabromobisphenol A bis (2,3-dibromopropyl ether), a.k.a. PE-68 Synergist = An organic compound having labile C-C linkages capable of generating radicals in the early stages of ignition process which can reduce the molecular weight of the host polymer. Aliphatic C Br bonds are the key to efficiency i in PS foams Only one half of the bromine in FR1 is aliphatic FR1 is not effective at >50% higher load level

22 Results of Screening Versus Design for The Environment Assessment Framework PolyFR = Emerald Innovation 3000 Source: Davis, J.W. et. al., Strategic Approach Towards Developing More Environmentally Sustainable Flame Retardants, 12th Workshop on Brominated and Other Flame Retardants, 2011 vl= very Low L= Low vh= veryhigh NE= no evidence Persistent by Design, Required for Service Life & Stability Low to Very Low in All Health and Environmental Effects

23 Stabilization of extruded polystyrene foam containing Emerald Innovation 3000 Emerald Innovation TM 3000 is an efficient flame retardant for use in extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) and like HBCD will require stabilization ti during extrusion. A stabilizer formula consisting of hindered phenol (AO1), a high performance phosphite (P1), and an epoxy novalac resin (E1) provides the most effective stabilization package for Emerald Innovation 3000 in XPS foam. This stabilizer system provides an excellent balance of color and molecular weight retention in XPS foam formulated with Emerald Innovation TM Extensive Testing Conducted to Determine an Optimal Stabilizer Solution

24 Experimental Approach Several combinations of primary and secondary antioxidants in combination with an epoxy novolac resin were evaluated. All formulations were run on a single screw extruder for multi pass evaluation in Polystyrene Nova 200ºC. Pellets from extrusion pass 1, 3 & 5 were set aside for melt flow and color determination on molded plaques. The results show that a combination of AO1, P1 and E1 gives the best color and molecular weight retention in XPS foam. This optimized formulation is available from Chemtura as a non dust blend (NDB1). NDB technology offers superior compositional control, better hydrolytic stability and improved industrial hygiene

25 Molecular Weight Stability Melt Flow Ind dex, g/10min ns Excellent retention of polystyrene molecular weight

26 Excellent Color Stability Yellowness Index Color stability superior to neat polystyrene resin

27 Emerald Innovation 3000: Your Sustainable FR Solution for EPS and XPS The polymeric nature of Emerald Innovation 3000 renders it more sustainable than other flame retardant alternatives. Emerald Innovation 3000 is the best choice when developing a sustainable product portfolio. In EPS and XPS, Emerald Innovation 3000 demonstrates comparable efficiency at similar bromine content to HBCD. Handling and processing of Emerald Innovation 3000 is comparable to HBCD. Unlike HBCD, Emerald ldinnovation 3000 does not interfere in polystyrene polymerization chemistry, providing improved control of molecular weight during EPS production. The high solubility of Emerald Innovation 3000 in styrene monomer allows for easy introduction into EPS production processes. Emerald Innovation 3000 can be easily incorporated into a masterbatch for use in XPS. V 2.0

28 Conclusions GREAT LAKES SOLUTIONS IS COMMITTED TO GREENER INNOVATION 7/15/

29 CONCLUSIONS Recent introductions of new polymeric flame retardant platforms demonstrates the feasibility of sustainable flame retardant t This approach applies to both halogenated and nonhalogenated flame retardants Versatile, cost effective approach across mostpolymer systems G tl k S l ti id V til S t i bl Great Lakes Solutions provides Versatile, Sustainable Flame Retardant Solutions for a variety of applications

30 Acknowledgements and Thanks Great Lakes Solutions Applications Research Laboratory Dr. Subra Narayan Harry Hodgen Julie McKeown Ken Bol Applied Market Information Ltd

Recent developments in flame retardants for sustainable fire safety solutions

Recent developments in flame retardants for sustainable fire safety solutions Dr. Grace Han 4 th International Conference on Flame Retardants Chinese and International Markets Requirements, Challenges