40 Years of operation of Near Surface Repositories. Andra Experience.

Transcription

1 40 Years of operation of Near Surface Repositories. Andra Experience. JL Tison ANDRA International Department 1

2 KEY DATES for Surface Repositories Until 1969, storage on sites. 1969: Centre Manche commissioned. First Repository for Short Lived, Low and Intermediate LevelWaste. 1979: Creation of ANDRA, a branch of the CEA. ANDRA in charge of All Radioactive Waste. Producer Pays Principle. 1992: Commissioning of Centre Aube for Short Lived, Low and Intermediate Level Waste. 1994: Closure of Centre Manche. 2003: Long term Monitoring phase for Centre Manche. 2003: Commissioning of Morvilliers site for Very Low Level Waste. 2

3 Waste Disposal Classification principle LOW ACTIVITY Dismantling waste Half-life Type of Waste Short lived nuclides Long lived nuclides Dedicated trench type surface disposal Very Low Level Waste Operational waste SF and reprocessing waste Surface or near surface disposal Low and Intermediate Waste G e o l o g i c a l d i s p o s a l H i g h L e v e l Wa s t e WAC HIGH ACTIVITY WAC Typical Disposal Routes for Different types of Waste 3

4 Actual Disposal Classification in France Short lived waste Long lived waste Very low level Centre de Morvilliers Centre de Morvilliers (waste from dismantling operations) Low level Intermediate Intermediate level level High level 4 types of disposal site No clearance level in France Centre Aube Centre NPPs de ) l Aube (operating waste from + Centre MANCHE Operational in 2019 (graphite, radium bearing) SF & Waste from reprocessing plants Parliament debate in 2006 Research Research reports stage delivered 1991 and in 2006 June acts 2005 Disposal site to be commissioned in

5 Andra Financing Scheme (except for HLW Research) COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS OTHERS AREVA CEA EDF APART FROM VERY SPECIFIC CASES (eg MEDICAL WASTE), ANDRA DOES NOT TAKE FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FROM THE WASTE PRODUCER/OWNER FOR FUTURE COST TO OCCUR NOR OWNERSHIP ANDRA SERVICES DISPOSAL- - STORAGE ACCEPTANCE COLLECTION- TRANSPORT-DESIGN-CONSTRUCTION STATE BUDGET INFORMATION MISSION-ORPHAN WASTE 4.5 M EUROS in 2008 LOANS COMMERCIAL BANKS Financial Provisions in Waste Producers/Owner s financial books for future expenses.( Disposal, Dismantling, etc ) 5

6 Operational situation for surface repositories A Disposal site in long term monitoring phase since Centre de la Manche (operation from 1969 to 1994). A Disposal site in operation for Low and Intermediate level, Waste. Centre de l Aube commissioned in A Disposal site in operation for Very Low Level Waste, since Morvilliers site. 6

7 Andra Surface Repositories PARIS URL HEADQUARTERS SURFACE REPOSITORY (CM CA - CTFA) 7

8 CENTRE MANCHE CENTRE AUBE CENTRE MORVILLIERS 8

9 Two principles set out in the 1969 creation decree: Compliance with the irradiation and contamination limits set for the different categories of workers, Compliance with the irradiation and contamination limits set for members of the public, taking account of existing installations.

10

11 Concrete trenches

12 Retrieving waste After Tritium leakage in 1976

13 Gallery of the separate water collection system

14 Centre Manche in operation Final shape being prepared CEG WORKSHOP FEB BOMMERSVIK 14

15 2009 CEG WORKSHOP FEB BOMMERSVIK 15

16 Multi-layer cover Successive layers: schist and sandstone, sand, bitumen membrane, sand A water-recovery system for potential seepage Long-term monitoring of the repository and of the cover: Visual, topographical and hydraulic inspections, and radiological controls of collected waters

17 LOW & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL SHORT LIVED WASTE - CENTRE DE LA MANCHE Operated between 1969 and 1994 ( m 3 ). Official monitoring period since 2003 No significant impact on the environment (10,000 measures per year) Intensive monitoring period during a first phase (until approximately 2010) Post-closure long-term monitoring: 300 years Cost : 3 M per year (before taxes) Monitoring cost borne by waste producers 17

18 CENTRE MANCHE CENTRE AUBE CENTRE MORVILLIERS 18

19 SITING SITE SELECTION CRITERIA - Stability - Low seismicity - Simple hydrogeology - Identified water outlet - No natural resources - Low population density Aube hydro-geologic model 19

20 THE CONTAINMENT SYSTEM FINAL COVER : VAULT Containment during operational period and institutional control period 1-WASTE PACKAGE 2-DISPOSAL SYSTEM One Outlet UNDERGROUND GALLERY WATER COLLECTING SYSTEM PERMEABLE LAYER IMPERMEABLE LAYER (CLAY) 3- SITE DEEP GEOLOGICAL LAYERS

21 LONG TERM SAFETY Air transfer scenarios : : Artificial barriers are damaged Water transfer scenarios PERMEABLE LAYER IMPERMEABLE LAYER (CLAY) DEEP GEOLOGICAL LAYERS The necessity to monitor long lived radio-nuclides

22 Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility Low and intermediate level short lived waste Area : 95 ha (total) 30 ha (disposal) Capacity : 1,000,000 m3 waste packages Start up : 1992 Disposed volume : > 200,000 M3 as of 2007 Deliveries 2006 : 14,668 m 3 Disposal 2006 : 13,416 m 3 9 vaults were closed in vaults were closed since start up 440 vaults are planned in total 16,000 environmental monitoring measurements per year 22

23 Centre Aube- Aerial View- Vault Life Cycle 23

24 WASTE PACKAGES 24

25 CENTRE DE L AUBE L DISPOSAL OPERATIONS 25

26 Waste treatment / Conditioning / Packaging Supercompaction Grouting of waste packages Drying 26

27 Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility Operation includes an acceptance process of waste packages To get confidence in the ability of the waste generator to produce waste packages complying with waste acceptance criteria qualification of packages and processes assessment of Quality Assurance in the generator s facility To maintain confidence inspections non destructive and destructive tests on delivered packages 27

28 Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility Disposal of PWR vessel heads 55 vessel heads to be disposed 6 pieces delivered per year 28

29 TECHNICAL RESPONSIBILITIES Centre AUBE Waste sorting and characterization Waste conditioning Storage Waste acceptance Waste Producer X X X Andra (X) (Drums compaction, metallic boxes grouting) X Transportation X (X) (from Andra railway terminal and transportation subcontracted to Andra) Disposal X There is no transfer of ownership when a waste is disposed. The waste producer remains the owner of the waste, 29

30 CENTRE MANCHE CENTRE AUBE CENTRE MORVILLIERS 30

31 VERY LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE MORVILLIERS DISPOSAL FACILITY 31

32 VERY-LOW LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL CONCEPT Clay backfill Vegetation cover Clay cover Sand Drainage and filtration Inspection shaft Top geo-membrane Ditch Collector Drainage and filtration Bottom geo-membrane Waste Base layer Commissioning in 2003 Located at Morvilliers near the Centre de l Aube Capacity: 650,000 m 3 32

33 Centre de Morvilliers disposal facility Design and operation procedures that comply with hazardous waste disposal facilities requirements 33

34 Waste emplacement at the VLL waste facility 34

35 DISPOSAL CELL CLOSURE 35

36 Conclusion Long learning process during 40 years of operation of surface repositories Surface repositories accomodate most of the waste being produced in France, including medical waste. A solution for all operating waste from NPP. A solution for most of dismantling waste. Experience gained in closure and long term monitoring of disposal sites. Allows to accept very large pieces (vesselhead, steam generators, etc) 36